A family of nuclear driven engines is described in which nuclear energy released by fissioning of uranium or plutonium in a prompt critical assembly is used to heat a working gas. Engine performance is modeled using a code that calculates hydrodynamics, fission energy production, and neutron transport self-consistently. Results are given demonstrating a large negative temperature coefficient that produces self-shutoff of energy production. Reduced fission product inventory and the self-shutoff provide inherent nuclear safety. It is expected that nuclear engine reactor units could be scaled from 100 MW on up. 7 refs., 3 figs.

The physics of electron motion in storage rings is described by supplementing the Hamiltonian equations of motion with fluctuating radiation reaction forces to describe the effects of synchrotron radiation. This leads to a description of radiation damping and quantum diffusion in single-particle phase-space by means of Fokker-Planck equations. For practical purposes, most storage rings remain in the regime of linear damping and diffusion; this is discussed in some detail with examples, concentrating on longitudinal phase space. However special devices such as nonlinear wigglers may permit the new generation of very large rings to go beyond this into regimes of nonlinear damping. It is shown how a special combined-function wiggler can be used to modify the energy distribution and current profile of electron bunches.

Fermilab's Advanced Computer Program is constructing a powerful 128 node multi-microprocessor system for data analysis in high-energy physics. The system will use commercial 32-bit microprocessors programmed in Fortran-77. Extensive software supports easy migration of user applications from a uniprocessor environment to the multiprocessor and provides sophisticated program development, debugging, and error handling and recovery tools. This system is designed to be readily copied, providing computing cost effectiveness of below $2200 per VAX 11/780 equivalent. The low cost, commercial availability, compatibility with off-line analysis programs, and high data bandwidths (up to 160 MByte/sec) make the system an ideal choice for applications to on-line triggers as well as an offline data processor.

We present here computational results using second order Godunov methods for time-dependent Eulerian gas dynamics with a general (convex) equation of state. 5 refs., 5 figs.

Now that first-principles calculations of ordering transformations are becoming increasingly accurate, the deficiencies of earlier mean field methods are becoming increasingly apparent. New techniques, based on cluster expansions, are now alleviating many of the earlier problems and are producing very satisfactory results. These ideas will be illustrated for the case of oxygen ordering in the YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub z} superconducting compound, for which a very simple two-dimensional Ising model has been developed. The model features nearest-neighbor repulsive effective pair interactions and anisotropic (attractive/repulsive) next-nearest-neighbor interactions. CVM (cluster variation method) calculations based on this model have produced a phase diagram in remarkable agreement with experimentally determined phase boundaries. Monte Carlo simulations have confirmed the validity of the model and have provided a rationalization for the influence of oxygen order on the value of {Tc} (superconducting transition temperature) in off-stoichiometric compounds. 46 refs., 4 figs.

The operation of the Fermilab BO low ..beta.. insertion involves the coordinated control of the 4 strings of quadrupoles of the insertion itself along with several magnetic correction elements (20 dipoles for the closed orbit, 2 quad circuits for betatron tunes, 1 skew quad circuit for coupling, and 2 sextupole circuits for chromaticity). When the beam is stored at high energy, these elements must correct the errors induced by the strong superconducting quadrupoles of the insertion as the optics are smoothly changed from the fixed target configuration to the low ..beta.. state. The techniques and control programs for these manipulations and initial tests using a single coasting beam are described. 6 refs., 4 figs.

Ever since it was first applied in the 1960's synchrotron radiation from an accelerating electron beam has been gaining popularity as a powerful tool for research and development in a wide variety of fields of science and technology. By now there are some 20 facilities operating either parasitically or dedicatedly for synchrotron radiation research in different parts of the world. In addition there are another 20 facilities either in construction or in various stages of proposal and design. The experiences gained from the operating facilities and the recent development of insertion devices such as wigglers and undulators as radiation sources led to a new set of requirements on the design of synchrotron radiation storage rings for optimum utility. The surprisingly uniform applicability and unanimous acceptance of these criteria give assurance that they are indeed valid criteria derived form mature considerations and experiences. Instead of describing the design of each of these new facilities it is, thus, more effective to discuss these desirable design features and indicate how they are incorporated in the design using machines listed as examples. 9 refs., 7 figs., 2 tabs.

In many transition metals the paramagnetic spin susceptibility X increases with increasing temperature much beyond ordinary theories could account for. We demonstrate how the effect of the electron-phonon interactions enable us to understand such temperature dependence of X.

Recent numerical results indicate that QCD in the limit of an infinite number (N) of colors also has confinement and moreover that it looks rather similar to normal QCD with N = 3 colors. This imposes severe restrictions on what the mechanism of confinement can be.

The objectives of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) Laser Fusion Program are to understand and develop the science and technology required to utilize inertial confinement fusion (ICF) for both military and commercial applications. The results of recent experiments are described. We point out the progress in our laser studies, where we continue to develop and test the concepts, components, and materials for present and future laser systems. While there are many potential commercial applications of ICF, we limit our discussions to electric power production.

A proton microprobe with windowless exit port was used to study zinc distributions in various types of skeletal tissues. The use of an external beam facilitated positioning of the targets for examination of particular points of interest. The proton microprobe is uniquely suited to this work since it combines high sensitivity for zinc determinations in thick samples with good spatial resolution. Measurements on rat and rabbit Achilles tendon showed a significant increase in zinc concentrations as the beam moved from the unmineralized collagen into the mineralized attachment site. Cartilage gave a similar result, with calcified cartilage having a greater zinc level than the articular surface on unmineralized epiphyseal cartilage.

High-..beta.. equilibria which are stable to all ideal MHD modes are found by optimizing the plasma shape and current profile for doublets, up-down asymmetric dees, and symmetric dees. The ideal MHD stability of these equilibria for low toroidal mode number n is analyzed with a global MHD stability code, GATO. The stability to high-n modes is analyzed with a localized ballooning code, BLOON. The attainment of high ..beta.. is facilitated by an automated optimization search on shape and current parameters. The equilibria are calculated with a free-boundary equilibrium code using coils appropriate for the Doublet III experimental device. The optimal equilibria are characterized by broad current profiles with values of ..beta../sub poloidal/ approx. =1. Experimental realization of the shapes and current profiles giving the highest ..beta.. limits is explored with a 1 1/2-D transport code, which simulates the time evolution of the 2-D MHD equilibrium while calculating consistent current profiles from a 1-D transport model. Transport simulations indicate that nearly optimal shapes may be obtained provided that the currents in the field-shaping coils are appropriately programmed and the plasma current profile is sufficiently broad. Obtaining broad current profiles is possible by current ramping, neutral beam heating, and electron cyclotron heating. …

Multiphase fluid displacement in a porous medium gives rise naturally to the occurrence of steep fronts, for example between different fluids or between regions of differing chemical concentrations. Such fronts pose substantial difficulty for most numerical methods. However, the recently developed random choice numerical method has been found capable of following effectively even perfectly sharp fronts. An application to the calculation of immiscible displacement in a petroleum reservoir is discussed, including the effects of capillary pressure and gravity. Previous work with W. Proskurowski has considered the limiting hyperbolic case of zero capillary pressure with gravity neglected. Numerical results of our current work for solving a model problem of two-phase displacement in two dimensions indicate that the effects of the additional possible interactions of shock and expansion waves permitted by the inclusion of gravity can be handled efficiently within the framework of the random choice method.

A unique benchmark neutron field has been established at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) to study deep penetration neutron transport. At LLNL, a tandem accelerator is used to generate a monoenergetic neutron source that permits investigation of deep neutron penetration under conditions that are virtually ideal to model, namely the transport of mono-energetic neutrons through a single material in a simple geometry. General features of the Lawrence Tandem (LATAN) benchmark field are described with emphasis on neutron source characteristics and room return background. The single material chosen for the first benchmark, LATAN-1, is a steel representative of Light Water Reactor (LWR) Pressure Vessels (PV). Also included is a brief description of the Little Boy replica, a critical reactor assembly designed to mimic the radiation doses from the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima, and its us in neutron spectrometry. 18 refs.

A number of exclusive and inclusive antiproton reactions are discussed which could provide useful constraints or test novel features of quantum chromodynamics in the intermediate momentum transfer domain involving both perturbative and non-perturbative dynamics. High momentum transfer reactions are briefly reviewed. Inclusive antiproton reactions and the QCD critical length, QCD predictions for proton-antiproton exclusive processes, and studies of the Compton amplitude in proton-antiproton annihilation are covered. Testing hadron helicity conservation in heavy quark resonance is discussed. Also covered are heavy hadron pair production in proton-antiproton exclusive interactions, exclusive nuclear reactions, and quasi-exclusive nuclear processes. (LEW)

The study subject of this meeting was the adsorption and desorption of radionuclides on geologic media under repository conditions. This volume contans eight papers. Separate abstracts were prepared for all eight papers. (DLC)

We consider the negative ion concentrations in hydrogen discharges caused by electron excitation and dissociative attachment processes. The principal formation and destruction processes are discussed for electron densities in the range 10/sup 8/ to 10/sup 13/ electrons cm/sup -3/. Expressions are developed for calculating the high energy portion of the electron energy distribution in the discharge; using these energy distributions the electron excitation rates are evaluated. At low densities, the vibrational distribution arises from singlet electronic excitations and triplet excitations through the /sup 3/..pi../sub u/ state, in equilibrium with wall de-excitation processes. At high densities singlet excitations predominate in equilibrium with atom-molecule de-excitation processes. Possibilities for negative ion generation in a two-chamber tandem system are discussed in which the vibrational excitation occurs in a high power, high electron temperature discharge, kT/sub e/ = 5 eV, and dissociative attachment occurs in a low temperature kT/sub e/ = 1 eV, plasma chamber.

A study was made to determine whether secondary iso tope effects also occur in molecular structure. Electron diffraction studies were carried out on ethane and deuteroethane. In C/sub 2/H/sub 6/ the mean C-C and C-H bond lengths found agreed very closely with values determined for other paraffin hydrocarbons, and the C--H bond showed a normal primary isotope effect (~ 0.005 A) similar to that found in methane when H is replaced by O. The output of the leastsquares analysis suggested that the mean C-- C bond length in C/sub 2/D/sub 6/ is shorter than in C/sub 2/H/sub 6/ and by about 0.004 A. Th e decrease seemed to be real for the apparent uncertainty was not much greater than 0.001 A. (M.C.G.)

We present here preliminary results on a recent experiment on nu/sub ..mu../ - e/sup -/ elastic scattering. A brief review of the Glashow-Salam-Weinberg theory is given, indicating how the measurement of the total cross section gives rise to an ambiguous solution for sin/sup 2/ THETA/sub w/, and showing how the differential cross section can be used to resolve the ambiguity. The experimental configuration and the extraction of the signal are described. The data are compared with those from our previous experiment, and relevant distributions from the combined data sample are presented. The differential cross section is examined in an attempt to resolve the ambiguity in sin/sup 2/ THETA/sub w/, the lower value of sin/sup 2/ THETA/sub w/ = 0.20 being favored.

The Crystal Ball detector at SPEAR is used to analyze the decays psi' ..-->.. ..gamma gamma..psi and psi' ..-->.. ..gamma..chi,chi ..-->.. ..gamma gamma... Values are obtained for the branching ratios of psi' ..-->.. eta/..mu../sup 0/psi and psi' ..-->.. ..gamma..chi,chi ..-->.. ..gamma..psi. No evidence is found for a 2/sup 1/S/sub 0/(eta'c) state in the mass range 3129 ..-->.. 3644 MeV/c/sup 2/. Analysis of the angular distributions in the cascade chi decays yields spin and multipole assignments for the chi(3.51) and chi(3.55).

We present here preliminary results of an extension of our already published search for the top quark. The search is based on a data sample collected during the 1988--1989 run of the Fermilab Tevatron Collider corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.4 pb {sup {minus}1}. We find no evidence for top quark production and we establish preliminary limits on the t-tbar production cross section as a function of the top mass (M{sub top}) in p-pbar collisions at {radical}s = 1.8 TeV. Using theoretical expectations for this cross-section, we translate these limits into a preliminary lower limit for M{sub top} of 89 Gev/c{sup 2} at the 95% confidence level. 12 refs., 3 figs. (CL)

Void nucleation in irradiated austenitic stainless steels generally requires the presence of either residual or transmutant gases. Classical nucleation rates are much too low to account for the number of voids observed at temperatures greater than about 450/sup 0/C. An alternate path is generally believed to be responsible for void formation; viz. the growth of gas-stabilized bubbles until they reach a critical size beyond which further gas accumulation is not required to promote growth. Two limiting paths can be envisioned for void nucleation on a population of sub-critical helium/vacancy clusters; one is limited to growth by helium accumulation along and the other to growth by stochastic fluctuations in the vacancy accumulation. As bubbles approach the critical size, stochastic processes could begin to contribute to the void nucleation rate. A comparison is made of nucleation rates along these two limiting paths as a function of the gas content of the clusters.

The tight confinement of the helium in cable-in-conduit superconductors creates protection problems because of the substantial pressure rise that can occur during a quench. But the same pressure rise offers the useful possibility of a non-electrical means of detecting incipient quenches by monitoring the outflow from the various hydraulic paths of the magnet. If the method is to work, the signal must be large enough to be detected unambiguously at an early enough time, and the signal must not depend too strongly on the length, Joule power density, or rate of growth of the initial normal zone (because these things are not entirely within our control). This paper explores by calculation the degree to which these conditions can be met. The Westinghouse coil for the Large Coil Task (LCT) is used as the basis for illustrative examples. 3 refs., 2 figs.

We construct the particulate states of quantum physics using a recursive computer program that incorporates non-determinism by means of locally arbitrary choices. Quantum numbers and coupling constants arise from the construction via the unique 4-level combinatorial hierarchy. The construction defines indivisible quantum events with the requisite supraluminal correlations, yet does not allow supraluminal communication. Measurement criteria incorporate c, h-bar and m/sub p/ or (not ''and'') G, connected to laboratory events via finite particle number scattering theory and the counter paradigm. The resulting theory is discrete throughout, contains no infinities, and, as far as we have developed it, is in agreement with quantum mechanical and cosmological fact.