The initiation of inertial confinement fusion reactions with a heavy ion particle beam has been under intensive study since 1976, and the progress of this study is principally documented in the proceedings of annual workshops held by US National Laboratories. At this time a 3MJ, 150 TW, ion beam is a good choice to initiate microexplosions with energy gain of 100. The Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory has made systems studies based on a Linear Induction Accelerator to meet the beam requirements. The accelerator system, expected performance and cost, and technical problems to be addressed in the near future are discussed.

Absorption spectra obtained from SmBr/sub 3/, SmBr/sub 2/, and Sm0Br were used in identifying the samarium species in several mixed-valence Sm(II/III) compounds produced by H/sub 2/ reduction of SmBr/sub 3/. The nature of the absorption of Sm0Br made it possible to detect even traces of Sm0Br in the Sm bromides.

An airborne predawn radiometric temperature survey was flown over the Long Valley KGRA. Radiometric temperatures were recorded at 10 to 12 ..mu..m and 4.5 to 5.5 ..mu..m. They were corrected to obtain true land-surface temperatures in agreement with field data. After accounting for thermal effects from surface features, there remained a thermal anomaly. The anomalous zone encompassed 2 km/sup 2/. It was a dry land area with a predawn surface temperature which averaged 1.4 +- 0.3/sup 0/C warmer than ambient. This area coincided with a thermal discharge zone where deep temperature gradients were 5 to 30 times normal. The predawn radiometric survey clarified and supplemented conclusions drawn from 6 to 30m deep field surveys. Heat from hydrothermal discharge was stored in a shallow aquifer and conducted to the surface.

Alpha spectroscopic techniques have not often been used to measure radon daughter concentrations in field studies because the equipment required is bulky and expensive. With advances in integrated circuit technology, less expensive, portable instruments have been developed that now make it possible to use these techniques to measure the low concentrations of radon daughters typically found indoors. One of two procedures may be used, two-count or single-count, depending on whether precision of measurement or rapidity of measurement is the more important objective. We have analyzed the effectiveness of both procedures. The results show that the two-count method permits individual radon daughter concentrations to be measured at the low level of one picocurie per liter with a relative standard deviation of about 20% within a total measurement time of 40 minutes (assuming the product of detector efficiency and sampling flow rate is one liter per minute). With the single-count procedure, using the same assumption, potential alpha energy concentration can be estimated within a total measurement time of 11 minutes with less than 20% relative procedural error for common equilibrium conditions; the relative standard deviation is about 20% at 0.005 working level. These findings are compared with results obtained by other commonly …

The workshop was organized to focus on a specific confinement scheme: the tokamak. The workshop was divided into two parts: systems and physics. The topics discussed in the systems session were narrowly focused on systems and engineering considerations in the tokamak geometry. The workshop participants reviewed the status of system studies, trade-offs between d-t and d-d based reactors and engineering problems associated with the design of a high-temperature, high-field reactor utilizing advanced fuels. In the physics session issues were discussed dealing with high-beta stability, synchrotron losses and transport in alternate fuel systems. The agenda for the workshop is attached.

The paper describes the control and instrumentation for the Mirror Fusion Test Facility at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, California, USA. This large-scale scientific experiment in controlled thermonuclear fusion, which is currently being expanded, originally had 3000 devices to control and 7000 sensors to monitor. A hierarchical computer control system, is used with nine minicomputers forming the supervisory system. There are approximately 55 local control and instrumentation microcomputers. In addition, each device has its own monitoring equipment, which in some cases consists of a small computer. After describing the overall system a more detailed account is given of the control and instrumentation for two large superconducting magnets.

A preliminary assessment is made to show that canisters fabricated of nickel-iron alloys, and surrounded by a suitable backfill, may produce an engineered barrier where the canister material is thermodynamically stable with respect to its environment. As similar conditions exist in nature, the performance of such systems as barriers to isolate radionuclides can be predicted over very long periods, of the order of 10/sup 6/ years.

The reactions (n,p), (n,d), (n,t) and (n,..cap alpha..) of 14-MeV neutrons with 1p-shell nuclides are of interest in several areas: they can provide tests of charge symmetry by comparisons with proton-induced reactions (on T=O nuclides); they allow study of the complex, often many-body decay of excited nuclear states; and they yield information on final-state interactions. As part of the program in (n, charged particle) reaction studies, several 1p-shell nuclides were investigated: /sup 9/Be, /sup 12/C, /sup 14/N, and /sup 16/O at E/sub n/ = 14 MeV (Haight et. al. 1981). These measurements, with the newly developed magnetic quadrupole charged-particle spectrometer, provide data with a much higher signal-to-background than heretofore available. Experimental methods and results are briefly described. (WHK)

The approximate stoichiometry of liquefaction, from data of two PDU runs and a laboratory run is Wood (100 g) + CO (0.1 - 0.4 Mol) ..-->.. CO/sub 2/ (0.5 - 1.0 Mol) + H/sub 2/O (0.4 - 0.8 Mol) + Product (55 - 64 g). Product includes wood oil, water soluble organics and residues. Water is formed by decomposition, carbon dioxide by decomposition and reduction of wood oxygen by CO. Aqueous products include many carboxylic acids plus a roughly equal percentage of non-acids. The wood oil is divided into a neutral fraction and three phenolic fractions of varying molecular weight. Some specific compounds found in water and oil phases are listed.

Solutions and some of their properties of a classical vector field model in two-dimensional Minkowski space with internal symmetry Z(3) - the cyclic group of order three are presented.

A new concept for protecting the first wall of an ICF reactor has been developed which relies heavily on a coating to protect the steel tubes which comprise the first wall. This coating must survive the pellet explosion, be ductile, and be compatible with the materials in the ICF pellet. Calculations indicate that tantalum is the best choice for the coating material and that tantalum coated steel tubes can handle fusion thermal powers of 3500 MW in a 10 m radius spherical chamber.

The parameterization of the magnitude and the energy dependence of the E1 gamma-ray strength function for the calculation of neutron- and proton-induced capture cross sections and capture gamma-ray spectra is investigated. The energy-dependent Breit-Wigner (EDBW) is reparameterized incorporating a more general expression for the Breit-Wigner line shape. Evaluation of the reparameterized E1 gamma-ray strength function is discussed. (WHK)

When angular momentum is added to a nucleus, it is, of course, carried by the individual nucleons, but two limiting types of behavior may be distinguished: (1) a small number of high-j particles align with the rotation axis and (2) the nucleus is deformed and rotates as a whole. At high spin all nuclei seem to show a compromise utilizing both motions. The excited nuclei left as products of (HI,xn) reactions have so many pathways down that none of the ..gamma..-ray transitions have enough intensity to be seen individually until the population gathers near the yrast line. This occurs usually between spin 20 to 40 h-bar. All our information on the higher states comes from their continuum spectra. With the new techniques that are developing, including the use of multiplicity filters, total-energy spectrometers, energy correlation studies, crystal balls, and observation of giant dipole resonances in the continuum spectra, there is hope to learn much about the nature of the high-spin states.

A comparison is made between 1D and 2D hydrocode calculations and some recent experimental results on laser-driven planar shockwaves in disk targets. A simple model is described which accounts for the trends seen in the calculations and which gives insight into the regime of laser intensity and pulse duration where two-dimensional effects become significant in these experiments.

The rates for a number of reactions producing certain stable nuclides, such as /sup 3/He and /sup 4/He, and fission in the moon are calculated for galactic-cosmic-ray particles and for solar protons. Solar-proton-induced reactions with bromine usually are not an important source of cosmogenic Kr isotopes. The /sup 130/Ba(n,p) reaction cannot account for the undercalculation of /sup 130/Xe production rates. Calculated production rates of /sup 15/N, /sup 13/C, and /sup 2/H agree fairly well with rates inferred from measured excesses of these isotopes in samples with long exposure ages. Cosmic-ray-induced fission of U and Th can produce significant amounts of fission tracks and of /sup 86/Kr, /sup 134/Xe, and /sup 136/Xe, especially in samples with long exposures to cosmic-ray particles.

Employing a general numerical model for the calculation of daylighting in interior spaces the sensitivity of daylighting to nonrectangular rooms, such as L-shaped rooms, and to other internal visual obstructions, such as light-shelves, is discussed. In addition, the model has been expanded to allow the treatment of opaque, semi-transparent, and translucent window overhangs, which may be positioned at any or all sides of a window. Further, the model has now the capability of graphical output. Thus, all results are shown in the form of contour plots, showing room outline, sunny areas, and constant-illumination or constant-daylight factor lines.

A number of different methods can be used to describe the magnetic properties of oriented Rare Earth Cobalt (REC) material. It will be shown how these different methods of description lead to different ways to think about, and to execute, the design of magnets that are useful for focusing and guiding charged particle beams. It will also be domonstrated that in some of these magnets, the REC material is used in a somewhat unusual way, requiring magnetics properties of the material that are usually not considered to be of great practical importance.

In laser fusion, such as with the NOVA under construction at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, the D-T reaction is expected to be complete within 100 ps. It is important to measure the time-dependence of the neutron flux from the fusion target. We describe the design of a new neutron detector of 20 ps resolving time that can be used to study the history of fusion burn.

An analytical Detailed Loop Model (DLM) has been developed to analyze the performance of solar thermosiphon water heaters with heat exchangers in storage tanks. The model has been used to study the performance of thermosiphons as a function of heat exchanger characteristics, heat transfer fluids, flow resistances, tank stratification, and tank elevation relative to the collector. The results indicate that good performance can be attained with these systems compared to thermosiphons without heat exchangers.

RTNS-II is an accelerator driven neutron source. It was attempted to produce a larger version of the current accelerator target but experienced problems in diffusion bonding and thermal stability of the copper alloy used for target fabrication. The causes of these problems were identified, and a new technique (electroforming) was demonstrated for fabricating targets.

Chemical processing of nuclear waste at Hanford has generated some waste solutions with high concentration (0.1 to 0.5M) of N-(hydroxyethyl)-ethylenediaminetriacetic acid (HEDTA), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and other organic complexing agents. These complexants must be destroyed bacause they affect radionuclide migration in soils, waste concentration, radionuclide removal, and other waste storage and processing considerations. Previous studies on actual waste solutions demonstrated that preozonation of the alkaline waste significantly improved radionuclide removal. A series of bench-scale experiments using synthetic waste has been performed to determine the optimum pH for most efficient ozone destruction of EDTA. Ozonation of EDTA in synthetic waste was carried out over the pH range of 1 to 14. Potential catalytic materials were examined at different pH levels. The EDTA-ozone reaction rates and stoichiometric requirements were compared and evaluated for the varying conditions.

Results are presented on the elastic and inelastic production of psi (3.1). The elastic data are qualitative agreement with the predictions of photon-gluon fusion but have a steeper dependence on Q/sup 2/ than the model predicts. A QCD calculation accounts well for the shape of the inelastic data in inelasticity, Q/sup 2/ and E/sub ..gamma../, but fails to account for the absolute cross section. At 209 GeV, the cross-section for elastic psi production is 0.36 +- 0.07 nb; for inelastic, 0.28 +- 0.06nb.

A single elastomer high voltage dielectric provides low inductance interconnection of capacitors, railgaps, and vacuum load. It complies against conductors to prevent tracking. Operation below a threshold breakdown field provides long lifetime.

Recent studies at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) with a bounce-averaged Fokker-Planck code indicate that the energetic electron tail formed by electron-cyclotron resonant heating (ECRH) at the second harmonic is not Maxwellian. We present the results of our bounce-averaged Fokker-Planck code along with some simple analytic models of hot-electron distribution functions.