Inorganic analysis of solid, liquid and gaseous samples from the Paraho Semiworks Retort was completed using a multitechnique approach. The data were statistically analyzed to determine both the precision of each method and to see how closely the various techniques compared. The data were also used to determine the redistribution of 31 trace and major elements in the various effluents, including the offgas for the Paraho Retort operating in the direct mode. The computed mass balances show that approximately 1% or greater fractions of the As, Co, Hg, N, Ni, S and Se are released during retorting and redistributed to the product shale oil, retort water or product offgas. The fraction for these seven elements ranged from almost 1% for Co and Ni to 50 to 60% for Hg and N. Approximately 20% of the S and 5% of the As and Se are released. The mass balance redistribution during retorting for Al, Fe, Mg, V and Zn was observed to be no greater than .05%. These redistribution figures are generally in agreement with previous mass balance studies made for a limited number of elements on laboratory or smaller scale pilot retorts. 7 tables.

Fuel and blanket assemblies in an LMFBR are subjected to a wide range of power and power gradients during their life in the reactor. To accommodate these changes the assemblies operate in a wide range of flow regimes extending from forced convection, turbulent flow, to mixed convection, laminar flow. At low flow conditions the transverse temperature gradient in an assembly is considerably flattened because of energy redistribution by not only wire-wrap mixing and thermal conduction but also by flow redistribution because of buoyancy-induced crossflow. This has significance in LMFBR design. For the mixed convection regime of bundle operation, the transverse velocity profiles within a bundle change axially because of buoyancy-induced crossflow. It was therefore decided to use the ENERGY II and ENERGY III computer programs for the analysis of the rod bundle mixed convection data.

During the development of nuclear energy, a number of apparent anomalies have become evident in nuclear criticality. Some of these have appeared in the open literature and some have not. Yet, a naive extrapolation or application of existing data, without knowledge of the anomalies, could lead to potentially serious consequences. This report discusses several of these anomalies.

The domain of Solid State Track Recorder (SSTR) applications in United States nuclear reactor energy programs extends from the harsh high temperature environments found in high power reactor cores to very low flux environments arising in out-of-core locations, critical assemblies, or away from reactors (AFR) experiments. The neutron energy region arising in these applications is very broad, covering more than eight decades from thermal up to fusion energies. The range of neutron flux/fluence intensity is even greater, extending over more than thirteen decades. As a consequence, use of a variety of SSTR is entailed in US Fast Breeder Reactor (FBR), Light Water Reactor (LWR), and Magnetic Fusion Energy Reactor (MFER) programs. A summary status is presented of selected SSTR experiments undertaken in these programs at the Hanford Engineering Development Laboratory (HEDL).

The Compensated Pulsed Alternator (CPA) is a large rotating machine that will convert mechanical, rotationally stored energy into a single electrical impulse of very high power. It is being optimized for driving flashlamps in the very large NOVA Nd:glass laser system. The machine is a rotary flux compression device, and for maximum performance, it requires start-up current. We report upon a circuit that will provide this current and that will also assist in triggering the flashlamps. This circuit has been tested with a 200 kilojoule capacitor bank and it is now being tested with a small 200 kilojoule CPA. Large Nove-size machines will require output energies in excess of 5 megajoules. We also present empirically tested formulae that will assist in matching the Nova flashlamp load to any given size CPA machine.

A new energy store, the Compensated Pulsed Alternator (CPA), promises to be a cost effective substitute for capacitors to drive flashlamps that pump large Nd:glass lasers. Because the CPA is large and discrete, it will be necessary that it drive many parallel flashlamp circuits, presenting a problem in equal current distribution. Current division to +- 20% between parallel flashlamps has been achieved, but this is marginal for laser pumping. A method is presented here that provides equal current sharing to about 1%, and it includes fused protection against short circuit faults. The method was tested with eight parallel circuits, including both open-circuit and short-circuit fault tests.

The NSTF is under construction at Gable Mountain for in-situ testing, which will be conducted in two phases: Phase I, using electric heaters to simulate nuclear waste canisters in order to study the thermomechanical response of basalt; and Phase II, using spent fuel canisters. The tests planned for Phases I and II are described. (DLC)

This history covers: catalytic cracking and other acid catalysed reactions; zeolite catalysis; dual functional catalysis; hydrogenation catalysis and hydrogen production; catalytic hydrocarbon dehydrogenation; catalytic alkylation and dealkylation; catalytic coal liquefaction and gasification; heterogeneous oxidation, arnmoxidation, chlorination, and oxychlorination catalysis; olefin disproportionation catalysis; industrial homogeneous catalysis; catalytic polymerization; catalysis for motor vehicle emission control; fuel cell catalysis; and the profession of the catalytic chemist or engineer. The discussion is mostly limited to the rapid growth of industrial catalysis between the second World War and 1978.

A numerical method for modeling stimulated Brillouin scatter (SBS) in a hydrodynamic simulation code is discussed. Preliminary results using the model show that scattering is reduced as shorter wavelengths are used and for spherical symmetry that ion heating by SBS is not significant since the ions cool by expansion.

A class of gauge theories, where spontaneously broken symmetries, instead of being restored, persist as the temperature is increased is discussed. A renormalization group analysis of this phenomena suggests that there may be more than one phase transition in these models with at least one symmetric phase. Applying these ideas to the specific case of soft CP-violation in grand unified theories, a mechanism to generate the baryon to entropy ratio of the universe is discussed. 34 references.

The Hanford Engineering Development Laboratory operates two hot cell facilities, the Postirradiation Testing Laboratory, and the Shielded Materials Facility. The hot cell facilities provide a wide range of capabilities for postirradiation examination and testing of irradiated reactor fuels and structural materials to evaluate irradiation tests and determine failure mechanisms and effects of irradiation on physical and mechanical properties of reactor core components. Current functions performed include non-destructive examinations, destructive examinations, fabrication of test specimens from reactor core components, fabrication of reactor test assemblies containing irradiated fuel pins or structural material samples, and shipping and receiving radioactive materials.

The bulk properties of oxides are divided into two classes, intrinsic properties which depend solely on the identity of the material, and extrinsic ones, which differ for different samples of the same compound. Sources of tabulated numerical values of intrinsic properties are given and modern developments in information storage and retrieval are discussed. Extrinsic properties are shown to depend on defects and trace impurities in the samples. Techniques of trace impurity analysis are discussed and realistic limits of detection and accuracies are given for routine analyses.

Laser induced fluorescence techniques were used to measure the rates of electronic relaxation of atomic uranium in a beam-gas scattering apparatus. Cross sections for the collisional deactivation of the U f/sup 3/ds/sup 2/(/sup 5/K/sub 5//sup 0/) and (/sup 5/L/sub 7//sup 0/) states by H/sub 2/, D/sub 2/, HD, CH/sub 4/, N/sub 2/, and CO at room temperature are reported. Upper limits for quenching cross sections with He were also obtained. Relaxation of these uranium metastables by molecular hydrogen (H/sub 2/, D/sub 2/ and HD) and methane appears to proceed by resonant electronic-to-rotational or electronic-to-vibration/rotational energy transfer processes. 12 references.

We have developed a rail-gun plasma source to produce a plasma of 10/sup 12/cm/sup -3/ particle density and project it with a velocity of 3.9 cm/..mu..s. This device will be used in a output spatial filter of Nova to project a critical density plasma across an optical beam path and block laser retroreflected light. The object of this paper is to describe the design of a pulser appropriate to the Shiva laser fusion facility, and to describe the preliminary design of a higher current prototype pulser for Nova the laser fusion research facility under construction at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory.

An in-progress assessment of nutrient chemical data (phosphate, nitrate, nitrite, and silicate) from four potential OTEC sites (Puerto Rico, the Gulf of Mexico, Hawaii, and the South Atlantic) show reasonable comparison with archival data. At this time sufficient data is available only at the Tampa site (Gulf of Mexico) to discern seasonal variations which show an influx of nutrient-rich water in February, which decreases with time to a minimum in December. Results show a greater potential for stimulation of primary productivity at the Hawaii site than in the northern Gulf of Mexico due to the discharge of the cold water pipe into the photic zone.

An in-progress assessment of nutrient chemical data (phosphate, nitrate, nitrite, and silicate) from four potential OTEC sites (Puerto Rico, the Gulf of Mexico, Hawaii, and the South Atlantic) show reasonable comparison with archival data. At this time sufficient data is available only at the Tampa site (Gulf of Mexico) to discern seasonal variations which show an influx of nutrient-rich water in February, which decreases with time to a minimum in December. Results show a greater potential for stimulation of primary productivity at the Hawaii site than in the northern Gulf of Mexico due to the discharge of the cold water pipe into the photic zone.

The results from an eight layer diabatic regional assessment model with estimates of vertical motions are compared to results from a single layer model without vertical motions for April 1974. Deposition results from the eight layer model with and without estimates of below cloud scavenging indicate that significant differences can occur in amounts deposited as well as in surface air concentrations.

An analytical model of a martensitic transformation in an idealized body is constructed and used to carry out a computer simulation of the transformation in a pseudo-two-dimensional crystal. The reaction is assumed to proceed through the sequential transformation of elementary volumes (elementary martensitic particles, EMP) via the Bain strain. The elastic interaction between these volumes is computed and the transformation path chosen so as to minimize the total free energy. The model transformation shows interesting qualitative correspondencies with the known features of martensitic transformations in typical solids.

The case of condensation induced water hammer in nuclear steam generators is summarized, including both feed ring-type and economizer-type geometries. A slug impact model is described and used to demonstrate the parametric dependence of the impact pressures on heat transfer rates, initial pressures, and relative initial slug and void lengths. The results of the parametric study are related also to the economizer geometry and a suggested alternative model is presented. The importance of concerns regarding attenuation of shocks in two-phase media is delineated, and a simple experiment is described which was used to determine negligible attenuation within the accuracy of the experiment for void fractions up to over 30% in bubbly and slug flows.

The re-transformation of precipitated austenite (..gamma../sub R/) in Fe-(6-9)%Ni steels has been investigated, with particular emphasis on the influence of transformation characteristics on alloy toughness at cryogenic temperature. In all cases studied the precipitated austenite re-transforms, either during cooling to cryogenic temperature or during deformation prior to fracture of the alloy. When the re-transformation is thermally induced the product martensite tends to form in a variant identical to that present before precipitation of the austenite; no significant refinement of the microstructure is achieved. On the other hand, mechanical transformation of the austenite produces a distribution of martensite variants determined by the local strain, hence preserving a refined microstructure conducive to low temperature toughness.

The coherent excitation of a three level atom by one- and two-photon resonances coupled by a common level is treated by the method of averages. The equations for the density matrix of the three resonant levels are solved analytically for square pulses of duration shorter than relaxation times. Double free induction decay occuring when both exciting fields are switched out of resonance simultaneously is exhibited. The emitted radiation is also calculated for an experiment in which the field driving the one-photon resonance remains on after the other field ends, and it is shown that experiments at several detunings and amplitudes would allow determination of various combinations of relaxation rates. Numerical studies for nonsquare pulses are briefly described. The results show that the main qualitative features of the square-pulse case are retained. 15 references.

Analytical methods for calculating fuel pin cladding bending and ovalling stresses due to pin bundle-duct mechanical interaction taking into account nonlinear creep are presented. Calculated results are in close agreement with finite element results by MARC-CDC program. The methods are used to investigate the effect of creep on the FTR fuel cladding bending and ovalling stresses. It is concluded that the cladding of 316 SS 20% CW and reference design has high creep rates in the FTR core region to keep the bending and ovalling stresses to low levels.

The possibility is considered that the shape of the ground state configuration of a system of quarks interacting with a real scalar field is nonspherical. This is explored through application of the variational principle to a simple model field theory of quarks coupled linearly to a real scalar field. Trial functions are, by construction, eigenstates of linear and angular momentum and correspond to quarks confined by an ellipsoidal well of major axis, a, and minor axis, b, with zero depth and height g phi/sub 0/, where g is the quark-scalar particle coupling constant. The parameters a, b, and phi/sub 0/ are determined such that their values minimize the total energy of the system. These variations are carried out in the limit when the renormalized scalar particle mass, ..mu.., is taken to infinity and the energy takes on a semi-classical form. Furthermore, in the renormalized limit (i.e., when the renormalization cutoff goes to infinity) it is found that the energy depends on two finite arbitrary constants and that there exists a minimum of the energy for which the eccentricity of the confining well is nonzero. In fact, the spherical configuration is unstable and of higher energy. The model is applied to …

A design study on an Al-stabilized 10-12T tokamak toroidal field-coil cooled with pool boiling LHe is presented. Relevant factors considered include the mechanical properties of pure aluminium, the degradation in resistivity due to neutron irradiation, the selection and cofiguration of the reinforcement materials, and the overall stability of the conductor. Both alloy Al and stainless steel have been considered as the reinforcement material. The dimensions and parameters of the conductor for each field region and the resulting TF-coils are summarized and compared with a copper design.