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Freedom of Speech and Press: Exceptions to the First Amendment
The First Amendment to the United States Constitution provides that “Congress shall make no law . . . abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press. . . .” This language restricts government both more and less than it would if it were applied literally. It restricts government more in that it applies not only to Congress, but to all branches of the federal government, and to all branches of state and local government. It restricts government less in that it provides no protection to some types of speech and only limited protection to others. This report provides an overview of the major exceptions to the First Amendment — of the ways that the Supreme Court has interpreted the guarantee of freedom of speech and press to provide no protection or only limited protection for some types of speech.
Date:
May 6, 2003
Creator:
Cohen, Henry
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Tobacco Advertising: Whether the FDA's Restrictions Violate Freedom of Speech
None
Date:
May 23, 1997
Creator:
Cohen, Henry
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Religious Freedom Amendment: H.J. Res. 78, As Reported by the House Judiciary Committee
This report details the legislative, political, and legal contexts of H.J.Res 78 (Religious Freedom Amendment) and analyzes its legal effect.
Date:
May 28, 1998
Creator:
Ackerman, David M. & Sayler, James
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Privacy Protection for Customer Financial Information
None
Date:
May 10, 2002
Creator:
Murphy, M. Maureen
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Privacy Protection for Customer Financial Information
None
Date:
May 2, 2003
Creator:
Murphy, M. Maureen
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
China and "Falun Gong"
“Falun Gong,” also known as “Falun Dafa,”1 combines an exercise regimen with meditation and moral tenets. The “Falun Gong” movement has led to the largest and most protracted public demonstrations in China since the democracy movement of 1989. On April 25, 1999, an estimated 10,000 to 30,000 adherents assembled in front of Zhongnanhai, the Chinese Communist Party leadership compound, and participated in a silent protest against state repression of their activities. On July 21, 1999, the People’s Republic of China (PRC) government, fearful of the spread of social unrest, outlawed the movement and began to arrest Falun Gong protesters.
Date:
May 1, 2002
Creator:
Lum, Thomas
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Privacy Protection: Mandating New Arrangements to Implement and Assess Federal Privacy Policy and Practice
None
Date:
May 27, 2004
Creator:
Relyea, Harold C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Flag Protection: A Brief History and Summary of Recent Supreme Court Decisions and Proposed Constitutional Amendment
This report is divided into two parts. The first gives a brief history of the flag protection issue, from the enactment of the Flag Protection Act in 1968 through current consideration of a constitutional amendment. The second part briefly summarizes the two decisions of the United States Supreme Court, Texas v. Johnson and United States v. Eichman, that struck down the state and federal flag protection statutes as applied in the context punishing expressive conduct.
Date:
May 6, 2003
Creator:
Luckey, John R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Commemorative Observances: A Chronological List
Historically, national commemorative observances were recommended by Congress through the legislative process. This practice was discontinued by the House of Representatives in January 1995, although the Senate continues to issue sense of the Senate resolutions recommending the establishment of commemoratives. It has now become standard practice for special observances to be designated by a proclamation issued by the President. This report is a chronological list of these proclamations for 1997 and 1998, indicating the proclamation number and its Federal Register citation
Date:
May 21, 2002
Creator:
Richardson, Glenda
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Committee System in the U.S. Congress
Due to the high volume and complexity of its work, Congress divides its tasks among approximately 44 committees with 154 subcommittees. The House and Senate each has its own committee systems, which are similar. Within chamber guidelines, however, each committee adopts its own rules; thus, there is considerable variation among panels.
Date:
May 10, 1995
Creator:
Hardy-Vincent, Carol
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Legislative Powers of Congress: A Brief Reference Guide
None
Date:
May 13, 1998
Creator:
Costello, George
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Agriculture and Fast Track or Trade Promotion Authority
New “fast track” (or, trade promotion) authority (TPA) is at issue in the 107th Congress. Such authority could enable the Administration to submit negotiated foreign trade agreements to Congress for consideration under expedited procedures. Efforts to renew this authority, which expired in 1994, have not succeeded since then. Many agricultural and food industry interests are among the export-oriented enterprises that support TPA, arguing that foreign trading partners will not seriously negotiate with an Administration that lacks it. However, some farm groups argue that fast track ultimately will lead to new agreements that could have adverse effects on U.S. producers, at least in some commodity sectors.
Date:
May 10, 2002
Creator:
Becker, Geoffrey S. & Hanrahan, Charles E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Invoking Cloture in the Senate
This report discuses cloture, which is is the only procedure by which the Senate can vote to set an end to a debate without also rejecting the bill, amendment, conference report, motion, or other matter it has been debating. A Senator can make a nondebatable motion to table an amendment, and if a majority of the Senate votes for that motion, the effect is to reject the amendment. Thus, the motion to table cannot be used to conclude a debate when Senators still wish to speak and to enable the Senate to vote for the proposal it is considering. Only the cloture provisions of Rule XXII achieve this purpose.
Date:
May 9, 2003
Creator:
Davis, Christopher M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Special Rules and Waivers of House Rules
To the extent that a special rule is silent with respect to the terms for considering a measure, the standing rules of the House apply. The standing rules impose various limitations on consideration; however, it is not always in the interest of the House to observe these limitations. Therefore, special rules may sometimes include exemptions from one or more provisions of the standing rules, which appear in the form of waivers of those provisions.
Date:
May 5, 1998
Creator:
Saturno, James V.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Tracking Current Federal Legislation and Regulations: A Guide to Basic Sources
This report is a guide to basic sources useful in tracking federal legislation and regulations. It has been prepared primarily for the use of constituents who wish to follow the federal government's legislative or regulatory activities at the local level. Brief annotations for the selected printed, telephone, electronic, and related sources describe their scope, focus, and frequency, include publisher contact information, and provide Internet addresses where available.
Date:
May 7, 1998
Creator:
Davis, Carol D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Revenue Legislation in the Congressional Budget Process
Most of the laws establishing the federal government's revenue sources are permanent and continue year after year without any additional legislative action. Congress, however, typically enacts revenue legislation, changing some portion of the existing tax system, every year. Revenue legislation may include changes to individual and corporate income taxes, social insurance taxes, excise taxes, or tariffs and duties. Congressional consideration of revenue legislation is governed by various constitutional provisions and procedural rules.
Date:
May 18, 1998
Creator:
Heniff, Bill, Jr.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Congressional Budget Process Timetable
The Congressional Budget Act (CBA) of 1974 (P.L. 93-344), as amended, establishes the congressional budget process, which coordinates the legislative activities on the budget resolution, appropriations bills, reconciliation legislation, revenue measures, and other budgetary legislation. Section 300 of this act provides a timetable (see Table 1) so that Congress may complete its work on the budget by the start of the fiscal year on October 1.
Date:
May 18, 1998
Creator:
Heniff, Bill, Jr.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Amendments in the Senate: Types and Forms
The amending process is central to the consideration of legislation by the Senate. This report briefly describes the various types of amendments that take place in the Senate.
Date:
May 19, 2003
Creator:
Saturno, James V.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Floor Consideration of Conference Reports in the House
This report briefly discusses procedure regarding conference reports in the House.
Date:
May 19, 2003
Creator:
Saturno, James V.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Floor Consideration of Conference Reports in the Senate
This report briefly discusses procedure regarding conference reports in the Senate.
Date:
May 19, 2003
Creator:
Saturno, James V.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Amendments Between the Houses
This report briefly summarizes the process of amendments between the House of Representatives and the Senate, which occurs if the House and Senate approve differing versions of a measure. An exchange of amendments between the houses resolves these differences.
Date:
May 19, 2003
Creator:
Saturno, James V.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Fast-Track Authority for Trade Agreements (Trade Promotion Authority): Background and Developments in the 107th Congress
This report discusses one of the major trade issues in the 107th Congress: whether or not Congress approves authority for the President to negotiate trade agreements with expedited, or "fast track" procedures. Under this authority, Congress agrees to consider legislation to implement the nontariff trade agreements under a procedure with mandatory deadlines, no amendment, and limited debate. The President is required to consult with congressional committees during negotiation of nontariff trade agreements and notify Congress before entering into any such agreement. The President was granted fast-track authority almost continuously from 1974 to 1994, but the authority lapsed and has not been renewed.
Date:
May 14, 2001
Creator:
Sek, Lenore
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Trade Promotion Authority (Fast-Track Authority for Trade Agreements): Background and Developments in the 107th Congress
None
Date:
May 10, 2002
Creator:
Sek, Lenore
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Hearings in the House of Representatives: A Guide for Preparation and Procedure
The report describes provisions of House rules that pertain to hearings, and citations to these rules are included for reference.
Date:
May 1, 2000
Creator:
Sachs, Richard C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library