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Abortion: Legislative Response
The primary focus of this issue brief is legislative action in the 108th Congress with respect to abortion. However, discussion of those legislative proposals necessarily involves a brief discussion of the leading U.S. Supreme Court decisions concerning a woman’s right to choose whether to terminate her pregnancy. For a more detailed discussion of the relevant case law, see CRS Report 95-724, Abortion Law Development: A Brief Overview.
Date:
May 9, 2003
Creator:
Lewis, Karen J.; Shimabukuro, Jon O. & Ely, Dana
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Medicare: Financing the Part A Hospital Insurance Program
This report discusses Medicare, which consists of two distinct parts — Part A (Hospital Insurance (HI)) and Part B (Supplementary Medical Insurance (SMI)). Part A is financed primarily through payroll taxes levied on current workers and their employers. Income from these taxes is credited to the HI trust fund. Part B is financed through a combination of monthly premiums paid by current enrollees and general revenues. Income from these sources is credited to the SMI trust fund.
Date:
May 5, 1998
Creator:
O'Sullivan, Jennifer
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Medicare+Choice Payments
This report discusses the M+C program that established new rules for beneficiary and plan participation. This report focuses on M+C payments.
Date:
May 8, 2002
Creator:
Chaikind, Hinda Ripps & Morgan, Paulette C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Medicare Provisions in the Medicare, Medicaid, and SCHIP Benefits Improvement and Protection Act of 2000 (BIPA, P.L. 106-554)
None
Date:
May 24, 2001
Creator:
Chaikind, Hinda Ripps; Tilson, Sibyl L.; O'Sullivan, Jennifer; Merck, Carolyn L. & Smith, Madeleine T.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Federal Farm Promotion ("Check-off") Programs
This report discusses legislation establishing national generic promotion ("check-off') programs for 20 specified farm commodities. Thirteen of the 20 authorized programs are now in effect.
Date:
May 3, 1996
Creator:
Becker, Geoffrey S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Wheat, Feed Grains, Cotton, Rice, and Oilseeds Provisions of the Enacted 1996 Farm Bill
None
Date:
May 20, 1996
Creator:
Becker, Geoffrey S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Grazing Fees: An Overview
This report briefly discusses charging fees for grazing private livestock on federal lands, which is a long-standing but contentious practice. Generally, livestock producers who use federal lands want to keep fees low, while conservation groups and others believe fees should be raised to approximate "fair market value."
Date:
May 21, 1996
Creator:
Cody, Betsy A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Conservation Reserve Program: Status and Current Issues
The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), enacted in 1985, enables producers to retire highly erodible or environmentally sensitive cropland, usually for 10 years. Congress reauthorized and amended the CRP in the 1996 Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act (P.L. 104-127; 16 U.S.C. 3811, et seq.). The law caps enrollment at 36.4 million acres and makes funding mandatory through the commodity Credit Corporation.
Date:
May 23, 2000
Creator:
Zinn, Jeffrey A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Conservation Reserve Program: Status and Current Issues
The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), enacted in 1985, enables producers to retire highly erodible or environmentally sensitive cropland, usually for 10 years. Congress reauthorized and amended the CRP in the 1996 Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act (P.L. 104-127; 16 U.S.C. 3811, et seq.). The law caps enrollment at 36.4 million acres and makes funding mandatory through the commodity Credit Corporation.
Date:
May 8, 2001
Creator:
Zinn, Jeffrey A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Tobacco Issues: National Public Opinion
None
Date:
May 14, 1998
Creator:
Coleman, Kevin J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Tobacco Marketing and Advertising Restrictions in S. 1415, 105th Congress: First Amendment Issues
None
Date:
May 15, 1998
Creator:
Cohen, Henry
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Animal Agriculture: Issues in the 107th Congress
A variety of animal agriculture issues, including prices, the impact of consolidation in the meat production/packing industry, trade, and the environmental impacts of large feedlots, continue to generate interest in Congress. This issue brief discusses these issues, as well as the 2002 farm bill, which contains several provisions affecting animal agriculture, including protections for contract growers, disaster assistance, country-of-origin labeling, and increased funding for conservation purposes.
Date:
May 24, 2002
Creator:
Heykoop, Jerry
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Agricultural Trade Issues in the 107th Congress
The 107th Congress will consider and seek to influence trade issues with implications for the U.S. agricultural sector. Trade in agricultural commodities and food products affects farm income and rural employment, and it also generates economic activity beyond the farm gate. With agricultural export sales accounting for one-quarter of farm income, policymakers view U.S. efforts to develop market opportunities overseas as vital to the sector's financial health. Decisions taken by the Bush Administration, and actions taken by Congress, thus will affect the outlook for agricultural trade.
Date:
May 25, 2001
Creator:
Hanrahan, Charles E.; Jurenas, Remy & Becker, Geoffrey S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Agricultural Trade Issues in the 107th Congress
The 107th Congress is considering trade issues with implications for the U.S. agricultural sector. Trade in agricultural commodities and food products affects farm income and rural employment, and it also generates economic activity beyond the farm gate. With agricultural export sales the equivalent of one-quarter of farm income, some policymakers view U.S. efforts to develop market opportunities overseas as vital to the sector’s financial health. Decisions taken by the Bush Administration, and actions taken by Congress, thus will affect the outlook for agricultural trade.
Date:
May 3, 2002
Creator:
Hanrahan, Charles E.; Becker, Geoffrey S. & Jurenas, Remy
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Sugar Policy Issues
None
Date:
May 29, 2003
Creator:
Jurenas, Remy
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Soil and Water Conservation Issues
None
Date:
May 17, 2002
Creator:
Zinn, Jeffrey A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Soil and Water Conservation Issues
None
Date:
May 27, 2003
Creator:
Zinn, Jeffrey A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Agricultural Export and Food Aid Programs
This report discusses projected agricultural imports and exports for FY2001, as well as legislation that deals with federal programs in support of agricultural exports and federal aid dedicated to farms and agricultural reform.
Date:
May 30, 2001
Creator:
Hanrahan, Charles E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
What Is a Farm Bill?
A farmbill is a collection of new laws and amendmentsto longstanding lawsthat sets the overall direction of federal food and farm policy for a specified number of years. Farm bills typically contain not only commodity price and income support provisions, but also provisions on agricultural trade, rural development, domestic food assistance, foreign food aid, conservation, crop insurance, farm credit, forestry, and agricultural research. The many issues covered by farm bills make it possible to form a broad coalition ofsupport among common, and sometimes conflicting interestsfor policies and programs that individually might not be enacted.
Date:
May 5, 2001
Creator:
Jones, Jean Yavis; Hanrahan, Charles E. & Womach, Jasper
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The 2002 Farm Bill: Overview and Status
The Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform, or FAIR, Act of 1996 (commonly known as the "farm bill"), which was due to expire in 2002, is expected to be extended for another six years when President Bush signs the bill into law. This report discusses the provisions of the new "farm bill," including the federal spending involved.
Date:
May 3, 2002
Creator:
Becker, Geoffrey S. & Womach, Jasper
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Conservation Reserve Payments and Self-Employment Taxes
Farmers enrolling their land in the Department of Agriculture's Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) receive payments for refraining from farming their property and for engaging in certain conservation practices mandated by the Department of Agriculture. These payments are described in the contract with the Department of Agriculture as "rental payments." Farmers would like to treat the income as "rental income" because it would not be subject to self-employment taxes, but the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) insists that under certain conditions, the payments are income from the trade or business of farming and thus subject to self-employment taxes.
Date:
May 1, 2000
Creator:
Morris, Marie B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Farm "Counter-Cyclical Assistance"
This report discusses recently approved legislation reauthorizing major farm income and commodity price support programs through crop year 2007. This legislation includes new “counter-cyclical assistance” programs for grains, cotton, oilseeds, peanuts, and milk. The intent of counter-cyclical assistance is to provide more government support when farm prices and/or incomes decline, and less support when they improve. In fact, farmers have, for many years, been eligible for various forms of counter-cyclical assistance. At issue has been the need for, and potential impacts of, another counter-cyclical program.
Date:
May 31, 2002
Creator:
Becker, Geoffrey S. & Womach, Jasper
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Farm Bill Trade and Food Aid Provisions
This report discusses the trade provisions of omnibus farm legislation, passed in May 2002. The measure includes a trade title reauthorizing, through 2007, the major foreign food aid and agricultural export programs. It also contains other provisions affecting agricultural trade, including new country-of-origin labeling requirements for meat, seafood, and produce; and increased domestic farm subsidies with possible implications for U.S. trade relations.
Date:
May 8, 2002
Creator:
Becker, Geoffrey S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Acoustic Thermometry of Ocean Climate: Marine Mammal Issues
After global warming became a concern in the mid-1950s, researchers proposed measuring deep ocean temperatures to reveal any significant trends in core ocean warming. Acoustic thermometry can detect changes in ocean temperature by receiving low-frequency sounds transmitted across an ocean basin because the speed of sound is proportional to water temperature. Acoustic Thermometry of Ocean Climate, or ATOC, is an international program involving 11 institutions in seven nations. It is designed as a 30-month "proof-of-concept" project to provide data on possible global climate change, with funding provided by the U.S. Department of Defense. A debate has arisen over ATOC's impact on marine mammals versus the benefits of better global warming information derived from ATOC. This report dicusses the ATOC program and related concerns.
Date:
May 12, 1995
Creator:
Buck, Eugene H.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library