The proposed COPS (Coastal Ocean Prediction Systems) program is concerned with combining numerical models with observations (through data assimilation) to improve our predictive knowledge of the coastal ocean. It is oriented toward applied research and development and depends upon the continued pursuit of basic research in programs like COOP (Coastal Ocean Processes); i.e., to a significant degree it is involved with ``technology transfer`` from basic knowledge to operational and management applications. This predictive knowledge is intended to address a variety of societal problems: (1) ship routing, (2) trajectories for search and rescue operations, (3) oil spill trajectory simulations, (4) pollution assessments, (5) fisheries management guidance, (6) simulation of the coastal ocean`s response to climate variability, (7) calculation of sediment transport, (8) calculation of forces on structures, and so forth. The initial concern is with physical models and observations in order to provide a capability for the estimation of physical forces and transports in the coastal ocean. For all these applications, there are common needs for physical field estimates: waves, tides, currents, temperature, and salinity, including mixed layers, thermoclines, fronts, jets, etc. However, the intent is to work with biologists, chemists, and geologists in developing integrated multidisciplinary prediction systems as it …

This document is a compilation of summaries of papers presented at the Coastal Ocean Prediction Systems workshop. Topics include; marine forecasting, regulatory agencies and regulations, research and application models, research and operational observing, oceanic and atmospheric data assimilation, and coastal physical processes.

Progress during the first year of this program has been noteworthy in both theoretical and experimental areas. Substantial improvements to the MIT CARM codes have been carried out, and the code has been successfully benchmarked against other codes, linear theory, and experimental work. CARM amplifier phase stability has been studied theoretically and found to be significantly better than that of free-electron lasers or relativistic klystrons, provided the device is properly designed. Both multimode simulations and particle-in-cell simulations have been carried out to study mode competition effects between convectively unstable and absolutely unstable modes. Improvement of the Pierce-Wiggler code for modeling the beam formation prior to the interaction region has been carried out. Experimental designs for a long-pulse, modulator-driven CARM amplifier experiment which will be carried out by the end of this fiscal year have been mostly completed. Designs for an induction-linac-driven CARM amplifier experiment, which will be carried out by the end of Year II of this program,, have also been performed. Finally, a CARM oscillator experiment is presently underway at our facility.

The achievement of a high energy polarized proton beam requires the reduction of depolarization during acceleration. This depolarization will occur at spin resonances where the spin precession frequency equals that of a horizontal magnetic field component. There are basically two types of first order depolarizing resonances. One type is an intrinsic resonance which is excited by the periodical focusing structure of the machine. The resonance occurs at {gamma}G=nN {plus minus} {nu}{sub z}, where {gamma}, G, n, N and {nu}{sub z}are the Lorentz energy factor the gryomagnetic factor, and integer, the superperiodicity number of the machine and the vertical betatron tune, respectively. The resonance strength is proportional to the vertical betatron oscillation amplitude. The other type is an imperfection resonance which is due to the magnet misalignment leading to vertical closed orbit distortion (COD). This resonance occurs at {gamma}G=nN{plus minus}k, where k is the harmonic number of the vertical COD. The resonance strength is proportional to the amplitude of the vertical COD. This paper reports on phenomena and problems about depolarizing resonances encountered in accelerating polarized protons at the AGS and the KEK PS. 31 refs.

The integrity of the SRS reactor tanks is a key factor affecting their suitability for continued service since, unlike the external piping system and components, the tanks are virtually irreplaceable. Cracking in various areas of the process water piping systems has occurred beginning in about 1960 as a result of several degradation mechanisms, chiefly intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) and chloride-induced transgranular cracking. The purpose of this inspection was to determine if selected welds in the K Reactor tank wall contained any indications of IGSCC. These portions included areas in and beyond the weld HAZ, extending out as far as two to three inches from the centerline of the welds, plus selected areas of base metal at the intersection of the main tank vertical and mid-girth welds. No evidence of such degradation was found in any of the areas examined. This inspection comprised approximately 60% of the accessible weld length in the K Reactor tank. Initial setup of the tank, which prior to inspection contained Mark 60B target assemblies but no Mark 22 fuel assemblies, began on January 14, 1990. The inspection was completed on March 9, 1990.

The integrity of the SRS reactor tanks is a key factor affecting their suitability for continued service since, unlike the external piping system and components, the tanks are virtually irreplaceable. Cracking in various areas of the process water piping systems has occurred beginning in about 1960 as a result of several degradation mechanisms, chiefly intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) and chloride-induced transgranular cracking. The purpose of this inspection was to determine if selected welds in the K Reactor tank wall contained any indications of IGSCC. These portions included areas in and beyond the weld HAZ, extending out as far as two to three inches from the centerline of the welds, plus selected areas of base metal at the intersection of the main tank vertical and mid-girth welds. No evidence of such degradation was found in any of the areas examined. This inspection comprised approximately 60% of the accessible weld length in the K Reactor tank. Initial setup of the tank, which prior to inspection contained Mark 60B target assemblies but no Mark 22 fuel assemblies, began on January 14, 1990. The inspection was completed on March 9, 1990.

Letter opinion issued by the Office of the Attorney General of Texas in Austin, Texas, providing an interpretation of Texas law. It provides the opinion of the Texas Attorney General, Jim Mattox, regarding a legal question submitted for clarification.

A weekly publication, the Texas Register serves as the journal of state agency rulemaking for Texas. Information published in the Texas Register includes proposed, adopted, withdrawn and emergency rule actions, notices of state agency review of agency rules, governor's appointments, attorney general opinions, and miscellaneous documents such as requests for proposals. After adoption, these rulemaking actions are codified into the Texas Administrative Code.

The thermomechanical properties of Cr:Ho:Tm:Y{sub 3}Al{sub 5}O{sub 12} have been measured and compared to similar measurements on Nd:Y{sub 3}Al{sub 5}O{sub 12}. We find that, in general, the properties are similar, with the single exception being thermal diffusivity. Nd:YAG has substantially higher thermal diffusivity than Cr:Tm:Ho:YAG. Consequently, the intrinsic thermal stress resistance figure of merit which governs a materials resistance to fracture in the presence of a steady thermal gradient is lower in Cr:Tm:Ho:YAG than in Nd:YAG. 6 refs., 1 tab.

Catalysts for converting methane to higher hydrocarbons such as ethane and ethylene in the presence of oxygen at temperatures in the range of about 700 to 900{degrees}C are described. These catalysts comprise calcium oxide or gadolinium oxide respectively promoted with about 0.025--0.4 mole and about 0.1--0.7 mole sodium pyrophosphate. A preferred reaction temperature in a range of about 800 to 850{degrees}C with a preferred oxygen-to-methane ratio of about 2:1 provides an essentially constant C{sub 2} hydrocarbon yield in the range of about 12 to 19 percent over a period of time greater than about 20 hours.

An improved ultra-high bandwidth helical coil deflection structure for a cathode ray tube is described comprising a first metal member having a bore therein, the metal walls of which form a first ground plane; a second metal member coaxially mounted in the bore of the first metal member and forming a second ground plane; a helical deflection coil coaxially mounted within the bore between the two ground planes; and a resistive load disposed in one end of the bore and electrically connected to the first and second ground planes, the resistive load having an impedance substantially equal to the characteristic impedance of the coaxial line formed by the two coaxial ground planes to inhibit cavity resonance in the structure within the ultra-high bandwidth of operation. Preferably, the resistive load comprises a carbon film on a surface of an end plug in one end of the bore.

This deep drilling activity is one element of the Pen Branch Fault Program at Savannah River Site (SRS). The effort will consist of three tasks: the extension of wells PBF-7 and PBF-8 into crystalline basement, geologic and drilling oversight during drilling operations, and the lithologic description and analysis of the recovered core. The drilling program addresses the association of the Pen Branch fault with order fault systems such as the fault that formed the Bunbarton basin in the Triassic.

The objective of this project is to demonstrate on a commercial scale several innovative applications of cost-reducing technology to the Chiyoda Thoroughbred-121 (CT-121) process. CT-121 is a second generation flue gas desulfurization (FGD) process which is considered by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and Southern Company Services (SCS) to be one of the most reliable and lowest cost FGD options for high-sulfur coal-fired utility boiler applications. Demonstrations of the innovative design approaches will further reduce the cost and provide a clear advantage to CT121 relative to competing technology.

The objective of this project is to demonstrate on a commercial scale several innovative applications of cost-reducing technology to the Chiyoda Thoroughbred-121 (CT-121) process. CT-121 is a second generation flue gas desulfurization (FGD) process which is considered by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and Southern Company Services (SCS) to be one of the most reliable and lowest cost FGD options for high-sulfur coal-fired utility boiler applications. Demonstrations of the innovative design approaches will further reduce the cost and provide a clear advantage to CT121 relative to competing technology.

A knowledge of the position, size, and stability of the source and the angle of emission of synchrotron radiation (SR) from the storage ring are essential for optimizing the operation of storage ring, insertion device and monochromators. Berkeley's Advanced Light Source (ALS) has a natural emittance of 3.4 {times} 10{sup {minus}9} m-rad, and has beam sizes {sigma}{sub h} and {sigma}{sub v} (assuming a 10% emittance ratio into the vertical direction) in bending magnet 1 (BM1) of 44 {mu}m and 83 {mu}m respectively. Simple diffractive optical calculations show that imaging this beam using visible light optics is not feasible and imaging must be performed using photon energies greater than 50 eV. This will be the same for all third generation low emittance storage rings. The synchrotron radiation diagnostics at ALS will consist of an imaging system for 200 eV photons and a white beam'' port with a streak camera to obtain the timing information. The imaging system will employ two crossed spherical mirrors in a Kirkpatrick-Baez configuration, to eliminate astigmatism. Use of 1:1 imaging will eliminate coma, resulting in an image of the source which is only limited by the residual aberrations of the optics. Real time imaging of the beam …

A knowledge of the position, size, and stability of the source and the angle of emission of synchrotron radiation (SR) from the storage ring are essential for optimizing the operation of storage ring, insertion device and monochromators. Berkeley`s Advanced Light Source (ALS) has a natural emittance of 3.4 {times} 10{sup {minus}9} m-rad, and has beam sizes {sigma}{sub h} and {sigma}{sub v} (assuming a 10% emittance ratio into the vertical direction) in bending magnet 1 (BM1) of 44 {mu}m and 83 {mu}m respectively. Simple diffractive optical calculations show that imaging this beam using visible light optics is not feasible and imaging must be performed using photon energies greater than 50 eV. This will be the same for all third generation low emittance storage rings. The synchrotron radiation diagnostics at ALS will consist of an imaging system for 200 eV photons and a ``white beam`` port with a streak camera to obtain the timing information. The imaging system will employ two crossed spherical mirrors in a Kirkpatrick-Baez configuration, to eliminate astigmatism. Use of 1:1 imaging will eliminate coma, resulting in an image of the source which is only limited by the residual aberrations of the optics. Real time imaging of the beam …

We decided to investigate first the interaction of hydrogen with the 4d transition-metal series, with the first element being hcp Y. Because of the recent development of soft pseudopotentials, we chose to use the plane wave basis set to carry out the calculation. Since problems had been associated with the slow convergence in transition metals, we first tested the computational methods by studying the structural properties of Y; results were encouraging. We started the calculation of YH[sub x] with hydrogen occupying different interstitial sites.

We decided to investigate first the interaction of hydrogen with the 4d transition-metal series, with the first element being hcp Y. Because of the recent development of soft pseudopotentials, we chose to use the plane wave basis set to carry out the calculation. Since problems had been associated with the slow convergence in transition metals, we first tested the computational methods by studying the structural properties of Y; results were encouraging. We started the calculation of YH{sub x} with hydrogen occupying different interstitial sites.

The purpose of this project, at the Savannah River River Site (SRS) was to acquire, process, and interpret 28 km (17.4 miles) of high resolution seismic reflection data taken across the trace of the Pen Branch fault and other suspected, intersecting north-south trending faults. The survey was optimized for the upper 300 ft of geologic strata in order to demonstrate the existence of very shallow, flat lying horizons, and to determine the depth of the fault or to sediments deformed by the fault. Field acquisition and processing parameters were selected to define small scale spatial variability and structural features in the vicinity of the Pen Branch fault leading to the definition and the location of the Pen Branch fault, the shallowest extent of the fault, and the quantification of the sense and magnitude of motion. Associated geophysical, borehole, and geologic data were incorporated into the investigation to assist in the determination of optimal parameters and aid in the interpretation.

The purpose of this project, at the Savannah River River Site (SRS) was to acquire, process, and interpret 28 km (17.4 miles) of high resolution seismic reflection data taken across the trace of the Pen Branch fault and other suspected, intersecting north-south trending faults. The survey was optimized for the upper 300 ft of geologic strata in order to demonstrate the existence of very shallow, flat lying horizons, and to determine the depth of the fault or to sediments deformed by the fault. Field acquisition and processing parameters were selected to define small scale spatial variability and structural features in the vicinity of the Pen Branch fault leading to the definition and the location of the Pen Branch fault, the shallowest extent of the fault, and the quantification of the sense and magnitude of motion. Associated geophysical, borehole, and geologic data were incorporated into the investigation to assist in the determination of optimal parameters and aid in the interpretation.

The uniaxial compressive creep of the 13 high chromia-commercial refractories that are candidate materials for lining coal gasification vessels was studied using stresses from 50 to 1500 psi (0.34 MPa to 10.3 MPa) and temperature from 1900{degrees}F to 2600{degrees}F (1038{degrees} to 1427{degrees}C). The regimes to stress and temperature in which creep was active varied widely, depending on impurities and microstructure, not chromia content, and was active at lower stresses and temperatures than would be expected from hot strength data. The creep was always primary, going through steady state to failure as a transient phase. One specimen with a liquid phase at temperature gave a longer steady-state region. The primary creep time exponent varied from 0.4 to nearly one. It was smaller at low stresses and temperatures, but was often a linear function of stress. Activation enthalpies were less for refractories containing a significant liquid phase at temperature, and were in the range expected for cation diffusion. Current theoretical models to not fit these systems. Two models are suggested to explain the primary creep regime. More research to correlate primary creep with microstructure is needed.

This report is on the Persian Gulf War: Defense-Policy Implications for Congress.

This paper presents the implementation of a prototype network level intrusion detection system. The prototype system monitors base level information in network packets (source, destination, packet size, time, and network protocol), learning the normal patterns and announcing anomalies as they occur. The goal of this research is to determine the applicability of current intrusion detection technology to the detection of network level intrusions. In particular, the authors are investigating the possibility of using this technology to detect and react to worm programs.

The primary purpose of the Quaternary investigation is to provide information on the location and age of Quaternary deposits for use in evaluating the presence or absence of neotectonic deformation or paleoliquefaction features within the Savannah River Site (SRS) region. The investigation will provide a basis for evaluating the potential for capable faults and associated deformation in the SRS vicinity. Particular attention will be paid to the Pen Branch fault.