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Accelerator-Based Surface Chemistry by Combined Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (TOF-MS) and Particle-Induced X-Ray Emission (PIXE)
We describe the development of a new capability for performing microscopic chemical analysis in the near surface of a sample. The technology uses a focused high-energy ion beam from an accelerator to cause characteristic elemental x-rays to be emitted and, simultaneously, molecules and fragments to be desorbed from the surface of the sample. Spectroscopic analysis of the fluoresced x-rays provides quantitative trace element information of the sample volume probed by the beam. The elemental data are subsequently used to identify peaks in the mass analysis of the desorbed species, thereby providing a detailed description of the local surface chemistry. High-resolution (micron-scale) chemical imaging is possible by scanning the beam over the sample.
Date:
May 31, 2002
Creator:
Morse, D. H.; Grant, P. G.; Antolak, A. J.; Sproch, N. & Fernando, Q.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Accurate estimation of the RMS emittance from single current amplifier data
This paper presents the SCUBEEx rms emittance analysis, a self-consistent, unbiased elliptical exclusion method, which combines traditional data-reduction methods with statistical methods to obtain accurate estimates for the rms emittance. Rather than considering individual data, the method tracks the average current density outside a well-selected, variable boundary to separate the measured beam halo from the background. The average outside current density is assumed to be part of a uniform background and not part of the particle beam. Therefore the average outside current is subtracted from the data before evaluating the rms emittance within the boundary. As the boundary area is increased, the average outside current and the inside rms emittance form plateaus when all data containing part of the particle beam are inside the boundary. These plateaus mark the smallest acceptable exclusion boundary and provide unbiased estimates for the average background and the rms emittance. Small, trendless variations within the plateaus allow for determining the uncertainties of the estimates caused by variations of the measured background outside the smallest acceptable exclusion boundary. The robustness of the method is established with complementary variations of the exclusion boundary. This paper presents a detailed comparison between traditional data reduction methods and SCUBEEx by …
Date:
May 31, 2002
Creator:
Stockli, Martin P.; Welton, R. F.; Keller, R.; Letchford, A. P.; Thomae, R. W. & Thomason, J. W. G.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Assistance to Oil and Gas State Agencies and Industry through Continuation of Environmental and Production Data Management and a Water Regulatory Initiative
This grant project was a major step toward completion of the Risk Based Data Management System (RBDMS) project. Additionally the project addresses the needs identified during the projects initial phases. By implementing this project, the following outcomes were sought: (1) State regulatory agencies implemented more formalized environmental risk management practices as they pertain to the production of oil and gas, and injection via Class II wells. (2) Enhancement of oil and gas production by implementing a management system supporting the saving of abandoned or idle wells located in areas with a relatively low environmental risk of endangering underground sources of drinking water (USDWs) in a particular state. (3) Verification that protection of USDWs is adequate and additional restrictions of requirements are not necessary in areas with a relatively low environmental risk. (4) Standardization of data and information maintained by state regulatory agencies and decrease the regulatory cost burden on producers operating in multiple states, and (5) Development of a system for electronic data transfer among operators and state regulatory agencies and reduction of overall operator reporting burdens.
Date:
May 31, 2002
Creator:
Grunewald, Ben; Arthur, Dan; Langhus, Bruce; Gillespie, Tom; Binder, Ben; Warner, Don et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Bends and Momentum Dispersion during Final Compression in HeavyIon Fusion Drivers
This report talks about Bends and Momentum Dispersion during Final Compression in HeavyIon Fusion Drivers
Date:
May 31, 2002
Creator:
Lee, Edward P. & Barnard, John J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Civil Fines and Penalties Debt: Review of U.S. Customs Service's Management and Collection Processes
A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "GAO reviewed the Customs Service's management of and practices for collecting civil fines and penalties (CFP) debt. GAO found that Customs' gross CFP debt more than tripled from the start of fiscal year 1997 to the end of fiscal year 2000, rising from $218.1 million as of October 1, 1996, to $773.6 million as of September 20, 2000. During the same period, Customs annually reserved from 75 to 87 percent of its reported CFP receivables in an allowance for uncollectible accounts. The primary reason for the growth in Customs' reported uncollected CFP debt from fiscal year 1997 through fiscal year 2000 was the bankruptcy of a Customs broker in fiscal year 2000. The broker's bankruptcy resulted in Customs assessing 422 claims for $566 million and recording CFP receivables totaling $484 million during fiscal years 1999 and 2000. The remaining $82 million of assessed amounts was eliminated through the CFP mitigation process, and accordingly these amounts were not recorded as receivables. Customs can strengthen some of its CFP debt collection policies and procedures both by enhancing them and better adhering to them. The Office of Management and …
Date:
May 31, 2002
Creator:
United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Community Investment: Information on Selected Facilities That Received Environmental Permits
A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Industrial facilities that operate under permits regulating some emissions and discharges have been the subject of complaints from community groups and environmental activists who charge that the facilities expose the surrounding communities to greater environmental risk than the general population. In response, the facilities point out that they contribute to the economic growth of the surrounding communities by employing residents and supporting other community needs, such as schools and infrastructure. In a survey of selected facilities, GAO found that the number of jobs in some decreased over time. According to facility officials, these jobs included unskilled, trade, technical, administrative, and professional positions with salaries ranging from $15,000 to $80,000 per year. Most of the facilities identified other contributions that they had made or planned to make in the local communities. These included volunteer work such as organizing cleanups; infrastructure improvements such as installing a new water drainage system; and financial assistance to schools, universities, community groups, and other organizations. Property values in a community are affected by many factors, including the condition of the land and houses, the proximity of the property to natural or man-made …
Date:
May 31, 2002
Creator:
United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Comparison of Field-Scale Effective Properties of Two-Phase Flow in Heterogeneous Porous Media Obtained by Stochastic Analysis and Numerical Experiments
The effects of subsurface heterogeneity on two-phase flow can be observed from the characterization functions of field-scale effective relative permeability and capillary pressure with respect to mean saturation. Numerical experiments were used to evaluate such effective properties of two-phase flow in a heterogeneous medium with properties representing the Borden Aquifer, and compared with the results of stochastic analysis developed using a spectral perturbation technique that employs a stationary, stochastic representation of the spatial variability of soil properties. Arbitrary forms of the relative permeability and capillary pressure characteristic functions with respect to saturation can be used in the theoretical analysis and numerical code. A statistical scaling procedure, which is a generalization of Leverett scaling, was developed for the relationship between intrinsic permeability and two capillary parameters. The procedure for estimating the effective properties of two-phase flow using numerical simulation consists of three-steps. Firstly, a local-scale heterogeneous system with random fields of intrinsic permeability and two capillary parameters was generated. Secondly, numerical simulation of single-phase flow in the system, with different sets of flow boundary conditions for different directions, was performed; the field-scale effective saturated hydraulic conductivity tensor was calculated on the basis of the mean Darcy law. The tensor obtained numerically …
Date:
May 31, 2002
Creator:
Zhou, Quanlin; Gelhar, Lynn W. & Jacobs, Bruce
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A dedicated storage ring for Far-IR coherent synchrotron radiation at the ALS
We present the concepts for a storage ring dedicated to and optimized for the production of stable coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) over the far-infrared wavelength range from about 200 microns to 1 mm.
Date:
May 31, 2002
Creator:
Barry, W. C.; Baptist, K. M.; Benjegerdes, R. J.; Biocca, A. K.; Byrd, J. M.; Byrne, W. E. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Defense Acquisitions: Navy Needs Plan to Address Rising Prices in Aviation Parts
A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Since fiscal year 1999, the Navy's budget for repairing spare parts to support its aviation weapons systems has increased by about 50 percent, from $1.2 billion to $1.8 billion. Some military commands have asserted that the escalating cost of these parts has adversely impacted the funds available for the readiness of military forces. Overall, the prices for Navy repairable spare parts continue to climb for the three aircraft and their engines that GAO focused on in its November 2000 report. GAO's assessment of selected parts being repaired showed that while nearly 45 percent of the parts decreased in price, about 55 percent increased an average of 91.5 percent between fiscal year 1999 and 2002. The price increases were primarily due to the dramatically higher costs of the materials needed to repair spare parts, although other factors, such as overhead fees and labor rates, contributed. However, GAO could not determine the underlying causes for the rising material costs because the Navy's database lacked key information on each repair. The Navy's progress in developing an overall plan to identify and address the reasons for higher spare parts prices …
Date:
May 31, 2002
Creator:
United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Demonstration of electronic pattern switching and 10x pattern demagnification in a maskless micro-ion beam reduction lithography system
A proof-of-principle ion projection lithography (IPL) system called Maskless Micro-ion beam Reduction Lithography (MMRL) has been developed and tested at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) for future integrated circuits (ICs) manufacturing and thin film media patterning [1]. This MMRL system is aimed at completely eliminating the first stage of the conventional IPL system [2] that contains the complicated beam optics design in front of the stencil mask and the mask itself. It consists of a multicusp RF plasma generator, a multi-beamlet pattern generator, and an all-electrostatic ion optical column. Results from ion beam exposures on PMMA and Shipley UVII-HS resists using 75 keV H+ are presented in this paper. Proof-of-principle electronic pattern switching together with 10x reduction ion optics (using a pattern generator made of nine 50-{micro}m switchable apertures) has been performed and is reported in this paper. In addition, the fabrication of a micro-fabricated pattern generator [3] on an SOI membrane is also presented.
Date:
May 31, 2002
Creator:
Ngo, V. V.; Akker, B.; Leung, K. N.; Noh, I.; Scott, K. L. & Wilde, S.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Development and calibration of the shielded measurement system for fissile contents measurements on irradiated nuclear fuel in dry storage.
In recent years there has been a trend towards storage of Irradiated Nuclear Fuel (INF) in dry conditions rather than in underwater environments. At the same time, the Department of Energy (DOE) has begun encouraging custodians of INF to perform measurements on INF for which no recent fissile contents measurement data exists. INF, in the form of spent fuel from Experimental Breeder Reactor 2 (EBR-II), has been stored in close-fitting, dry underground storage locations at the Radioactive Scrap and Waste Facility (RSWF) at Argonne National Laboratory-West (ANL-W) for many years. In Fiscal Year 2000, funding was obtained from the DOE Office of Safeguards and Security Technology Development Program to develop and prepare for deployment a Shielded Measurement System (SMS) to perform fissile content measurements on INF stored in the RSWF. The SMS is equipped to lift an INF item out of its storage location, perform scanning neutron coincidence and high-resolution gamma-ray measurements, and restore the item to its storage location. The neutron and gamma-ray measurement results are compared to predictions based on isotope depletion and Monte Carlo neutral-particle transport models to provide confirmation of the accuracy of the models and hence of the fissile material contents of the item as …
Date:
May 31, 2002
Creator:
Mosby, W. R. & Jensen, B. A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Empirical Study Of Tube Wave Suppression For Single Well Seismic Imaging
This report addresses the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory's portion of a collaborative effort with Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Sandia National Laboratories on a borehole seismic project called Single Well Seismic Imaging. The INEEL's role was to design, fabricate, deploy, and test a number of passive devices to suppress the energy within the borehole. This energy is generally known as tube waves. Heretofore, tube waves precluded acquisition of meaningful single-well seismic data. This report addresses the INEEL tests, theories, observations, and test results.
Date:
May 31, 2002
Creator:
West, P.B.; Weinberg, D.M. & Fincke, J.R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Farm Commodity Legislation: Chronology, 1933-2002
This report provides a brief chronology of key commodity support laws since 1933 generally excludes legislation with provisions devoted mainly to disaster-related farm assistance.
Date:
May 31, 2002
Creator:
Becker, Geoffrey S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Farm Commodity Legislation: Chronology, 1933-2002
This report discusses legislation regarding commodities and price supports. Since 1933, Congress has required the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) to administer various price and income support programs for U.S. farmers. Some standing authority for these programs is provided by three permanent laws, from 1938, 1948, and 1949. However, Congress frequently alters the basic provisions of these laws. The omnibus law now guiding farm support (through 2007) is the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002.
Date:
May 31, 2002
Creator:
Becker, Geoffrey S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Farm "Counter-Cyclical Assistance"
This report discusses recently approved legislation reauthorizing major farm income and commodity price support programs through crop year 2007. This legislation includes new “counter-cyclical assistance” programs for grains, cotton, oilseeds, peanuts, and milk. The intent of counter-cyclical assistance is to provide more government support when farm prices and/or incomes decline, and less support when they improve. In fact, farmers have, for many years, been eligible for various forms of counter-cyclical assistance. At issue has been the need for, and potential impacts of, another counter-cyclical program.
Date:
May 31, 2002
Creator:
Becker, Geoffrey S. & Womach, Jasper
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Focus Report, Volume 77, Number 20, May 2002
Periodical discussing standardizing driver's licenses, including privacy and security concerns.
Date:
May 31, 2002
Creator:
Texas. Legislature. House of Representatives. Research Organization.
Object Type:
Journal/Magazine/Newsletter
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Frequency domain multiplexing for large-scale bolometer arrays
The development of planar fabrication techniques for superconducting transition-edge sensors has brought large-scale arrays of 1000 pixels or more to the realm of practicality. This raises the problem of reading out a large number of sensors with a tractable number of connections. A possible solution is frequency-domain multiplexing. I summarize basic principles, present various circuit topologies, and discuss design trade-offs, noise performance, cross-talk and dynamic range. The design of a practical device and its readout system is described with a discussion of fabrication issues, practical limits and future prospects.
Date:
May 31, 2002
Creator:
Spieler, Helmuth
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Frequency domain multiplexing for large-scale bolometer arrays
The development of planar fabrication techniques for superconducting transition-edge sensors has brought large-scale arrays of 1000 pixels or more to the realm of practicality. This raises the problem of reading out a large number of sensors with a tractable number of connections. A possible solution is frequency-domain multiplexing. I summarize basic principles, present various circuit topologies, and discuss design trade-offs, noise performance, cross-talk and dynamic range. The design of a practical device and its readout system is described with a discussion of fabrication issues, practical limits and future prospects.
Date:
May 31, 2002
Creator:
Spieler, Helmuth
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Groundwater Protection Management Program Description.
THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ORDER 5400.1, GENERAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION PROGRAM, REQUIRES THE DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A GROUNDWATER PROTECTION PROGRAM. THE BNL GROUNDWATER PROTECTION MANAGEMENT PROGRAM DESCRIPTION PROVIDES AN OVERVIEW OF HOW THE LABORATORY ENSURES THAT PLANS FOR GROUNDWATER PROTECTION, MONITORING, AND RESTORATION ARE FULLY DEFINED, INTEGRATED, AND MANAGED IN A COST EFFECTIVE MANNER THAT IS CONSISTENT WITH FEDERAL, STATE, AND LOCAL REGULATIONS.
Date:
May 31, 2002
Creator:
Paquette, D. E.; Bennett, D. B.; Dorsch, W. R.; Goode, G. A.; Lee, R. J.; Klaus, K. et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
High Growth Rate Deposition of Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon-Germanium Films and Devices Using ECR-PECVD
Hydrogenated amorphous silicon germanium films (a-SiGe:H) and devices have been extensively studied because of the tunable band gap for matching the solar spectrum and mature the fabrication techniques. a-SiGe:H thin film solar cells have great potential for commercial manufacture because of very low cost and adaptability to large-scale manufacturing. Although it has been demonstrated that a-SiGe:H thin films and devices with good quality can be produced successfully, some issues regarding growth chemistry have remained yet unexplored, such as the hydrogen and inert-gas dilution, bombardment effect, and chemical annealing, to name a few. The alloying of the SiGe introduces above an order-of-magnitude higher defect density, which degrades the performance of the a-SiGe:H thin film solar cells. This degradation becomes worse when high growth-rate deposition is required. Preferential attachment of hydrogen to silicon, clustering of Ge and Si, and columnar structure and buried dihydride radicals make the film intolerably bad. The work presented here uses the Electron-Cyclotron-Resonance Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (ECR-PECVD) technique to fabricate a-SiGe:H films and devices with high growth rates. Helium gas, together with a small amount of H{sub 2}, was used as the plasma species. Thickness, optical band gap, conductivity, Urbach energy, mobility-lifetime product, I-V curve, and quantum …
Date:
May 31, 2002
Creator:
Liu, Yong
Object Type:
Thesis or Dissertation
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Highway Infrastructure: Interstate Physical Conditions Have Improved, but Congestion and Other Pressures Continue
A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Federal spending on Interstate highways has contributed to changes in residential and business land-use patterns. In 1991, GAO raised concerns about the condition of Interstate highways and rising levels of congestion. The original purposes for the Interstate system were to provide for efficient long-distance travel, support defense, and connect metropolitan and industrial areas. Today, the most important role that the Interstates perform, other than supporting safe travel, is moving freight traffic across their states. The federal government provides funding for, and oversight of, the Interstate system while the states do most of the maintaining and planning for the future of the system. Combined federal and state spending on the Interstate System increased from $13.0 billion in 1992 to 16.2 billion in 2000. States are required to pay ten percent of the cost of an Interstate project; however, GAO found that the average nonfederal share of urban Interstate projects was 15 percent and 11 percent for rural projects. Interstate highways are in better physical condition and are safer than other classes of roads, although they are generally more congested. The states expect that increased traffic, the aging …
Date:
May 31, 2002
Creator:
United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
HIV/AIDS International Programs: FY2003 Request and FY2002 Spending
Supplemental Appropriations legislation for FY2002, currently before Congress, could increase spending for international HIV/AIDS programs beyond the amounts currently projected.
Date:
May 31, 2002
Creator:
Copson, Raymond W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Integration of Engineering and Architecture: A Perspective on Natural Ventilation for the New San Francisco Federal Building
A description of the in-progress design of a new Federal Office Building for San Francisco is used to illustrate a number of issues arising in the design of large, naturally ventilated office buildings. These issues include the need for an integrated approach to design involving the architects, mechanical and structural engineers, lighting designers and specialist simulation modelers. In particular, the use of natural ventilation, and the avoidance of air-conditioning, depends on the high degree of exposed thermal mass made possible by the structural scheme and by the minimization of solar heat gains while maintaining the good daylighting that results from optimization of the fagade. Another issue was the need for a radical change in interior space planning in order to enhance the natural ventilation; all the individual enclosed offices are located along the central spine of each floorplate rather than at the perimeter. The role of integration in deterring the undermining of the design through value engineering is discussed. The comfort criteria for the building were established based on the recent extension to the ASHRAE comfort standard based on the adaptive model for naturally ventilated buildings. The building energy simulation program EnergyPlus was used to compare the performance of different …
Date:
May 31, 2002
Creator:
McConahey, Erin; Haves, Philip & Christ, Tim
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Intelligence Issues for Congress
This report discusses intelligence issues for Congress including narcotics trafficking, conflicts between Israel and Palestine, in Iraq, and among the former Yugoslav states, and North Korean missile capabilities. Updated May 31, 2002.
Date:
May 31, 2002
Creator:
Best, Richard A., Jr.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library