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The ITER divertor modeling and database expert groups have assembled a scalar database of the edge plasma parameters for existing diverted tokamak devices as a means of enabling scaling studies of the SOL plasma. Data exist from ASDEX, ASDEX-Upgrade, C-MOD, COMPASS-D, DIII-D, JET, JFT-2M, and JT-6OU. We describe the scaling of plasma parameters at the outer midplane obtained from examination of this multi-machine database in this paper. The plasma parameters at the outer rnidplane are used as a boundary condition for all simulations of the SOL plasma, and hence understanding of the expected value of these parameters is crucial for the successful design of the ITER divertor.

This report gives an overview of the problem of illegal narcotics in Colombia and discusses U.S. - Colombian relations.

The United States has long been concerned with Colombia as a major producer and trafficker of the illegal narcotics entering this country: first marijuana, then cocaine, and now also heroin. Colombia's drug trafficking business has been dominated by two cartels during the two decades in which cocaine trafficking became a major activity: first the Medellin cartel, which dominated during the 1980s and then the Cali cartel, which dominated during the early 1990s. With the arrests of the major Cali cartel leaders in the mid-1990s, independent traffickers have filled the void.

This report considers proposals to extend the duration of copyrights by 20 years (as in H.R. 2589 and other bills) and related proposals to charge a fee to the owners in order to receive the extension. The method of analysis is economic rather than legal. The report reviews the basic economic principals involved in copyright law and gives rough estimates of the value of copyrights on books, music, and movies produced in the 1920s and 1930s — those that would be most immediately affected by an extension of copyright terms.

This report considers proposals to extend the duration of copyrights by 20 years (as in H.R. 2589 and other bills) and related proposals to charge a fee to the owners in order to receive the extension. The method of analysis is economic rather than legal. The report reviews the basic economic principals involved in copyright law and gives rough estimates of the value of copyrights on books, music, and movies produced in the 1920s and 1930s — those that would be most immediately affected by an extension of copyright terms.

We are constructing a 1.2-kA, 1-MeV, electron induction injector as part of the RTA program, a collaborative effort between LLNL and LBNL to develop relativistic klystrons for Two-Beam Accelerator applications. The RTA injector will also be used in the development of a high-gradient, low-emittance, electron source and beam diagnostics for the second axis of the Dual Axis Radiographic Hydrodynamic Test (DARHT) Facility. The electron source will be a 3.5``-diameter, thermionic, flat-surface, m-type cathode with a maximum shroud field stress of approximately 165 kV/cm. Additional design parameters for the injector include a pulse length of over 150-ns flat top (1% energy variation), and a normalized edge emittance of less than 200 {pi}-mm-mr. Precise measurement of the beam parameters is required so that performance of the RTA injector can be confidently scaled to the 4-kA, 3-MeV, and 2-microsecond pulse parameters of the DARHT injector. Planned diagnostics include an isolated cathode with resistive divider for direct measurement of current emission, resistive wall and magnetic probe current monitors for measuring beam current and centroid position, capacitive probes for measuring A-K gap voltage, an energy spectrometer, and a pepper-pot emittance diagnostic. Details of the injector, beam line, and diagnostics are presented.

During the startup phase of a tokamak the plasma configuration may evolve from a limiter to a divertor configuration. Some of the particle and heat flux from the core will be deposited on material surfaces near the separatrix instead of the divertor plates. Examples of such surfaces include the center-post in most tokamaks, baffles near the x-point that create closed divertors, and outboard limiter surfaces. Two-dimensional edge plasma models for tokamak divertor configurations typically give detailed information about the particle and heat fluxes on the divertor plates, but yield little or no information about fluxes on these other localized surfaces near the core plasma. To realistically model the startup phase of a tokamak it is necessary to compute the plasma interaction with both limiter and divertor surfaces. The UEDGE code [l] has been modified to include these limiter surfaces. In this report we present simulation results for an idealized ITER [2] startup configuration with variations in the limiter penetration depth and surface shape.

Toulouse, France All previous knowledge leading to this estimate is of NpO2(c) is indirect, based on thermodynamic cycles. The phase itself has heretofore not been observed as a precipitate from aqueous solution. Recent attempts (e.g., Nitsche et al., 1993; Efurd et al., 1996) to establish solubility controls on Np in oxidizing groundwaters (including J-13 groundwater) starting from high concentrations (i.e., supersaturation) have shown the formation of one or both of two Np(V) phases, NaNpO2CO3:3.5H2O(c) (with variable stoichiometry) and Np2O5(c). These are both highly soluble, yielding Np concentrations on the order of 1 x 10 -4 to 1 x 10 -3 molal, in accord with existing thermodynamic data for these phases. No evidence was found of the formation of NpO2(c). Under reducing conditions, experiments (Rai et al., 1987 and references cited therein) have shown the formation of Np(IV) polymer, which may be viewed as a hydrated form of NpO2. It is orders of magnitude less soluble than the Np(V) phases, but still orders of magnitude more soluble than NpO2(c). No undersaturation experiments with NpO2(c) are known to have been performed. However, both NpO2(c) and Np(IV) polymer are known to be difficult to dissolve. We have hypothesized that NpO2(c) is simply a …

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Methane-utilizing bacteria, methanotrophs, have application as biocatalysts in the commodity chemical production, waste treatment and environmental remediation industries. Methanotrophs have the ability to oxidize many chemical compounds into more desired products, such as the production of propylene oxide. Methanotrophs can also degrade toxic compounds such as trichloroethylene. However, there are many physical, chemical and biological problems associated with the continuous oxidation of chemicals. These include, low mass transfer of methane, oxygen and propylene; toxicity of substrates and degradation products, and competition between the growth substrate, i.e., methane and chemical feed stock, e.g., propylene for the biocatalyst. To supervise methanotrophic bioprocesses, an intelligent control system must accommodate any biological limitations, e.g., toxicity, and mitigate the impact of the physical and chemical limitations, e.g., mass transfer of methane and the solubility of propylene. The intelligent control system must have the capability to assess the current conditions and metabolic state of the bacteria; recognize and diagnose instrument faults; and select and maintain sets of parameters that will result in high production and growth.

The authors study the dynamics of on- and two-dimensional diffusion systems with sets of discrete nonlinear sources. They show that wave fronts propagating in such systems are pinned if the diffusion constant is below a critical value which corresponds to a saddle-node bifurcation of the dynamics. In two dimensions they find that the dissipation is enhanced and moving plain and circular fronts are stable with respect to any perturbations.

Some recent research on the hot deformation of aluminum alloys has indicated that at elevated temperatures, slip occurs on {110}<110> systems in addition to the usual {111}<110> systems active at lower temperatures. The effect of these additional slip systems on the texture evolution of aluminum single and polycrystals is studied using finite element simulations. The crystals are deformed in plane strain compression, and the constitutive response is modeled using crystal plasticity to track the reorientation of the crystals. By discretizing each crystal with a large number of elements, the non-uniform deformations due to local inhomogeneities and interactions with neighboring crystals are modeled. The resulting textures and microstructures are examined with regard to effect of including the additional systems, initial orientation of the single crystals, and stability of the cube orientation.

The authors present an inverse method for electron transport which allows one to minimize the value of shot noise for a given value of the conductance by optimizing the spatial structure of a disordered semiconductor region. The method is based on the Green's function approach which is usually applied to the direct transport problem. A specific experimentally realizable example of a two-dimensional disordered semiconductor is presented which demonstrates the method of minimization of shot noise for insulator, metallic, and transitional conductance regions.

This project plan establishes the management framework for conduct of the TWRS Single-Shell Tank Interim Stabilization completion program. Specifically, this plan defines the mission needs and requirements; technical objectives and approach; organizational structure, roles, responsibilities, and interfaces; and operational methods. This plan serves as the project executional baseline.

This summary is an attempt to overview the wealth of new results and ideas in quarkonium physics presented at the Seattle Workshop. The Workshop in Seattle has shown that the physics of heavy quarkonium continues to develop at a fast pace; moreover, we have every reason to believe that the next year, with RHIC turning on, will mark the beginning of the new exciting era in this field.

Letter opinion issued by the Office of the Attorney General of Texas in Austin, Texas, providing an interpretation of Texas law. It provides the opinion of the Texas Attorney General, Dan Morales, regarding a legal question submitted for clarification; Whether a nonprofit water supply corporation that is not exempt from ad valorem taxation is subject to the Open Meetings Act (RQ-1071)

Letter opinion issued by the Office of the Attorney General of Texas in Austin, Texas, providing an interpretation of Texas law. It provides the opinion of the Texas Attorney General, Dan Morales, regarding a legal question submitted for clarification; Authority of a home-rule city to increases the statutory penatly for failure to restrict access to aerosol paint (RQ-1074)

Unsaturated drip tests have been used to investigate the alteration of unirradiated UO{sub 2} and spent UO{sub 2} fuel in an unsaturated environment, such as may be expected in the proposed repository at Yucca Mountain. In these tests, simulated groundwater is periodically injected onto a sample at 90 C in a steel vessel. The solids react with the dripping groundwater and water condensed on surfaces to form a suite of U(VI) alteration phases. Solution chemistry is determined from leachate at the bottom of each vessel after the leachate stops interacting with the solids. A more detailed knowledge of the compositional evolution of the leachate is desirable. By providing just enough water to maintain a thin film of water on a small quantity of fuel in batch experiments, we can more closely monitor the compositional changes to the water as it reacts to form alteration phases.