This is the Topical report for Task 6.0, Phase 2 of the Advanced Turbine Systems (ATS) Program. The report describes work by Westinghouse and the subcontractor, Gilbert/Commonwealth, in the fulfillment of completing Task 6.0. A conceptual design for critical and noncritical components of the gas fired combustion turbine system was completed. The conceptual design included specifications for the flange to flange gas turbine, power plant components, and balance of plant equipment. The ATS engine used in the conceptual design is an advanced 300 MW class combustion turbine incorporating many design features and technologies required to achieve ATS Program goals. Design features of power plant equipment and balance of plant equipment are described. Performance parameters for these components are explained. A site arrangement and electrical single line diagrams were drafted for the conceptual plant. ATS advanced features include design refinements in the compressor, inlet casing and scroll, combustion system, airfoil cooling, secondary flow systems, rotor and exhaust diffuser. These improved features, integrated with prudent selection of power plant and balance of plant equipment, have provided the conceptual design of a system that meets or exceeds ATS program emissions, performance, reliability-availability-maintainability, and cost goals.

This plan provides the requirements for conducting well remediation and decommissioning activities.

Carbons derived from polymethylacrylonitrile (PMAN) have been studied for use as intercalation anodes in Li-ion cells. The effect of Si doping upon the electrochemical performance of PMAN carbons was studied using tetravinylsilane (TVS) and tetramethysilane (TMS) as sources of Si during the formation of the PMAN precursors. The carbons were characterized by galvanostatic cycling, cyclic voltammetry, and complex impedance. The presence of 9 to 11 w/o Si in the PMAN lattice greatly increased the irreversible capacity of these materials.

We present an expression for the rate of correlated Coulomb dissociation of both colliding nuclei at a heavy-ion collider. For the case of Au + Au at RHIC, the cross section for mutual correlated dissociation is about 3 barns. This process should be cleanly measured with very forward (zero degree) calorimeters proposed for RHIC. We also discuss prospects for luminosity monitoring using this process.

This paper presents a simple, systematic approach for developing accident scenarios using generic accident types. Result is a necessary and sufficient set of accident scenarios that can be used to establish the safety envelope for a facility or operation. Us of this approach along with the methodology of SAND95-0320 will yield more consistent accident analyses between facilities and provide a sound basis for allocating limited risk reduction resources.

The US Air Force (USAF) Environmental Compliance Assessment and Management Program (ECAMP) is an effective and comprehensive system to evaluate environmental compliance at individual USAF installations. The ECAMP assessment is typically performed by a team of experts from the installation`s Major Command (MAJCOM) Headquarters, and is often augmented with technical contractor support. As directed by Air Force policy, an external ECAMP assessment is required at a minimum of every three years for each installation. In the intervening years, each installation is required to perform an internal ECAMP assessment, with its own personnel and resources. Even though team composition differs, the internal and external ECAMP assessments are likely to be very similar in scope, objectives, and deliverables. For over nine years, Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) has supported several Air Force MAJCOMs in performing their external ECAMP assessments. More recently, ANL has also had the opportunity to provide technical support and training at individual installations during their preparation and conduct of internal ECAMP assessments. From that experience, the authors have learned that the quality and value of the internal assessment is enhanced by making it a vehicle for training, planning, and interaction among organizations. Various strategies and techniques have been successfully employed …

An installation`s compliance with Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) hazardous waste regulations is strongly dependent on the knowledge, skill, and behavior of all individuals involved in the generation and management of hazardous waste. Recognizing this, Headquarters Air Force Materiel Command (HQ/AFMC) determined that an in-depth evaluation of hazardous waste training programs at each AFMC installation was an appropriate element in assessing the overall effectiveness of installation hazardous waste management programs in preventing noncompliant conditions. Consequently, pursuant to its authority under Air Force Instruction (AFI) 32-7042, Solid and Hazardous Waste Compliance (May 12, 1994) to support and maintain hazardous waste training, HQ/AFMC directed Argonne National Laboratory to undertake the Hazardous Waste Training Initiative. This paper summarizes the methodology employed in performing the evaluation and presents the initiative`s salient conclusions.

Large catchment basins may be viewed as ecosystems with interactive natural and cultural attributes. Stream regulation severs ecological connectivity between channels and flood plains by reducing the range of natural flow and temperature variation, reduces the capacity of the ecosystem to sustain native biodiversity and bioproduction and promotes proliferation of non-native biota. However, regulated rivers regain normative attributes, which promote recovery of native biota, as distance from the dam increases and in relation to the mode of regulation. Therefore, reregulation of flow and temperature to normative pattern, coupled with elimination of pollutants and constrainment of nonnative biota, can naturally restore damaged habitats from headwaters to mouth. The expectation is rapid recovery of depressed populations of native species. The protocol requires: restoration of seasonal temperature patterns; restoration of peak flows needed to reconnect and periodically reconfigure channel and floodplain habitats; stabilization of base flows to revitalize the shallow water habitats; maximization of dam passage to allow restoration of metapopulation structure; change in the management belief system to rely on natural habitat restoration as opposed to artificial propagation, installation of artificial instream structures (river engineering) and artificial food web control; and, practice of adaptive ecosystem management.

A novel set of nonlinear fluid equations for mirror-trapped electrons is developed which differs from conventional fluid equations in two main respects: (1) the trapped-fluid moments average over only two of three velocity space dimensions, retaining the full pitch angle dependence of the traped electron dynamics, and (2) closure approximations include the effects of collisionless wave-particle resonances with the toroidal precession drift. By speeding up calculations by at least {radical} m{sub i}/m{sub e}, these bounce averaged fluid equations make possible realistic nonlinear simulations of turbulent particle transport and electron heat transport in tokamaks and other magnetically confined plasmas.

A post-processing, selective micro-chemical vapor deposition (``micro-CVD``) technology for the deposition of catalytic films on surface-micromachined, nitride-passivated polysilicon filaments has been investigated. Atmospheric pressure deposition of Pt on microfilaments was accomplished by thermal decomposition of Pt acetylacetonate; deposition occurs selectively only on those filaments which are electrically heated. Catalyst morphology, characterized by SEM, can be controlled by altering deposition time, filament temperature, and through the use of pulsed heating of the filament during deposition. Morphology plays an important role in determining the sensitivity of these devices when used as combustible gas sensors.

Flurofullerenes were among the first chemical derivatives prepared from new spherical forms of carbon, yet it took 3 years of research to isolate the first single compound, C{sub 60}F{sub 48}. Subsequent studies provided a better understanding of physical and chemical properties of this compound. Here we present new data concerning synthesis, reactions, and properties of C{sub 60}F{sub 48}.

Mullite and aluminum titanate precursor polymeric sols were developed for applying as coatings on Nicalon{trademark} fabrics and tows. A Nicalon{trademark}/SiC composite with a mullite interface was fabricated. The mullite precursor interface coatings were applied by a vacuum infiltration method and the SiC matrix was deposited by a forced flow chemical vapor infiltration process. Thin, uniform mullite interface coatings were obtained. However, the Nicalon{trademark}/SiC composite exhibited brittle fracture. Mullite and alumina-titania coatings were applied on Nicalon{trademark} tows and the effect of heat treatment at 1000{degrees}C in air is discussed.

The evolution of the Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) instability in a compressible medium has been investigated at an accelerating embedded interface and at the ablation front in a series of experiments on the Nova laser. The x-ray drive generated in a gold hohlraum ablatively accelerated a planar target consisting of a doped plastic pusher backed by a higher density titanium payload with perturbations placed at the plastic-Ti interface. The targets were diagnosed by face-on and side-on radiography. In previous work focusing on single mode perturbations, wavelengths as short as 10 m have been observed to grow strongly at the embedded interface. Here multimode perturbations consisting of either 2, 10 or 20 modes superposed in phase have been investigated.

The potential predictability (PP) of seasonal anomalies in continental hydrology may be thought of as the upper bound in forecast accuracy to be expected when the state of the oceans is known perfectly. We assume that the PP of the seasonal anomalies of continental hydrology is related to their degree of reproducibility in the presence of identical ocean boundary conditions across a number of simulations. In this study, the PP of seasonal anomalies in surface hydrological variables is estimated from an ensemble of 6 decadal integration of the ECMWF global atmospheric model coupled to a land-surface scheme which includes interception and transpiration by a simple vegetation canopy. Identical observed (AMIP) monthly sea surface temperatures are specified in each simulation, while the initial condition of the atmosphere and land surface are allowed to vary.

A non-conventional type of heating system is being tested at Sandia National Laboratories for solar thermal power tower applications. In this system, called impedance heating, electric current flows directly through the pipe to maintain the desired temperature. The pipe becomes the resistor where the heat is generated. Impedance heating has many advantages over previously used mineral insulated (MI) heat trace. An impedance heating system should be much more reliable than heat trace cable since delicate junctions and cabling are not used and the main component, a transformer, is inherently reliable. A big advantage of impedance heating is the system can be sized to rapidly heat up the piping to provide rapid response times necessary in cyclic power plants such as solar power towers. In this paper, experimental results from testing an impedance heating system are compared to MI cable heat trace. We found impedance heating was able to heat piping rapidly and effectively. There were not significant stray currents and impedance heating did not affect instrumentation.

This report focuses on a mechanism for oxygen transport through mixed- oxide conductors as used in dense ceramic membrane reactors for the partial oxidation of methane to syngas (CO and H{sub 2}). The in-situ separation of O{sub 2} from air by the membrane reactor saves the costly cryogenic separation step that is required in conventional syngas production. The mixed oxide of choice is SrCo{sub 0.5}FeO{sub x}, which exhibits high oxygen permeability and has been shown in previous studies to possess high stability in both oxidizing and reducing conditions; in addition, it can be readily formed into reactor configurations such as tubes. An understanding of the electrical properties and the defect dynamics in this material is essential and will help us to find the optimal operating conditions for the conversion reactor. In this paper, we discuss the conductivities of the SrFeCo{sub 0.5}O{sub x} system that are dependent on temperature and partial pressure of oxygen. Based on the experimental results, a defect model is proposed to explain the electrical properties of this system. The oxygen permeability of SrFeCo{sub 0.5}O{sub x} is estimated by using conductivity data and is compared with that obtained from methane conversion reaction.

Results of an experimental study of the effects of blowing Velocity Ratio (VR = 0.5 and 1.0) and Free-Stream Turbulence Intensity (FSTI = 0.5% and 12%) on turbulent transport over a film-cooling test surface are presented. The surface has a single lateral row of streamwise-oriented holes angled 35{degree} from the surface and separated from one another by three hole diameters. The film cooling flow and mainstream flow are at the same temperature and the film cooling is supplied through long delivery tubes. Velocity, turbulence intensity and eddy transport profiles are presented. The ratios of lateral eddy diffusivity to wall-normal eddy diffusivity values measured in this program (4-15) provide documentation of strong anisotropy of eddy transport in the flow.

The goal of the Smart Gun Technology project is to eliminate the capability of an unauthorized user form firing a law officer`s firearm by implementing user-recognizing-and-authorizing (or {open_quotes}smart{close_quotes}) surety technologies. This project was funded by the National Institute of Justice. This report lists the findings and results of the project`s three primary objectives. First, to find and document the requirements for a smart firearm technology that law enforcement officers will value. Second, to investigate, evaluate, and prioritize technologies that meet the requirements for a law enforcement officer`s smart firearm. Third, to demonstrate and document the most promising technology`s usefulness in models of a smart firearm.

LX-04-1 is DOE`s safest ``creep resistant`` conventional high explosive (CHE) with excellent thermal and long term compatibility properties. Because LX-04-1 contains 15% Viton by weight, it exhibits outstanding resistance to mechanical stimuli such as could be encountered in an accident scenario at the Pantex Plant. A large energy fluence is required to initiate LX-04-1. The most likely methods to generate this energy into the individual cracked W70 HE is via dropping the unit onto the floor (or tooling) or the cracked HE rubbing against itself. In either case, not enough energy is available to cause the LX-04-1 to even mildly react as evidenced by the supporting data that follows. Experimenters have developed a number of sensitivity tests, each seeking to initiate reaction in a rigidly prescribed manner so that results from different investigators may be compared. Although it is possible for an explosive to exhibit high sensitivity on some tests and low sensitivity on others, LX-04-1 consistently shows low sensitivity to detonation on all tests. Table 1 compares the general stability and energy properties of LX-04-1 with PBX-9404 and LX-10-2.

The incorporation of a three-dimensional neutron kinetics capability into the DOE version of the RELAP5/MOD3.2 reactor safety code is discussed. A brief discussion of the kinetics method is given along with a discussion of the cross section parameterization models available in RELAP5/MOD3.2. The RELAP5/MOD3.2 code is then used to perform calculations of the NEACRP rod ejection and rod withdrawal benchmarks, and results are presented.

Residential submetering is the measurement and billing of electric use in individual apartments in master-metered buildings. In master-metered building situations, residents do not bear electricity costs in proportion to consumption levels. As a result, studies have confirmed that residents in master-metered buildings tend to consume more electricity than residents with individual apartment metering, and have established electrical submetering as an effective energy conservation measure. The New York State Energy Research & Development Authority (NYSERDA) has commissioned a project called Facilitating Submetering Implementation to identify and analyze barriers to the implementation of residential electrical submetering in New York and to formulate recommendations that would facilitate the removal of these barriers, streamlining the process. Experienced professionals in the technical, legal, regulatory, analytical, financial, and other aspects of submetering were retained to interview key interested parties and conduct public forums. This and other data were then analyzed to ascertain the barriers to submetering and develop recommendations designed to reduce or eliminate these barriers. The key barriers to submetering implementation were found to be the Public Service Commission (PSC) requirement for a vote of a majority of shareholders (for coops and condos) and the high initial cost that cannot easily be recouped by owners …

A sludge that simulates Water Softening Sludge number 5 (WSS number 5 filtercake) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory was prepared and evaluated for its thermal behavior, volume reduction, stabilization, surface area and compressive strength properties. Compaction of the surrogate waste and the calcium oxide (produced by calcination) in the presence of paraffin resulted in cylindrical molds with various degrees of stability. This work has demonstrated that surrogate WSS number 5 at ORNL can be successfully stabilized by blending it with about 35 percent paraffin and compacting the mixture at 8000 psi. This compressive strength of the waste form is sufficient for temporary storage of the waste while long-term storage waste forms are developed. Considering the remarkable similarity between the surrogate and the actual filtercake, the findings of this project should be useful for treating the sludge generated by the waste treatment facility at ORNL.

Both the efficiency of an implosion and the growth rate of hydrodynamic instability increase with the aspect ratio of an implosion. In order to study the physics of implosions with high Rayleigh-Taylor growth factors, we use doped ablators which should minimize x-ray preheat and shell decompression, and hence increase in-flight aspect ratio. We use x-ray backlighting techniques to image the indirectly-driven capsules. We record backlit 4.7 keV images of the full capsule throughout the implosion phase with 55 ps and 15 {mu}m resolution. We use these images to measure the in-flight aspect ratios for doped ablators, and we inferred the radial density profile as a function of time by Abel inverting the x-ray transmission profiles.

(Lockout/tagout ensures the protection of personnel and equipment by installing tagout and/or lockout devices.) This guide has the purpose of providing direction for Lockouts and Tagouts, Chapter IX of DOE Order 5480.19 (Conduct of Operations Requirements for DOE Facilities). (However, OSHA requirements and good practices take precedence.) Primary purpose of the lockout/tagout programs is to protect employees from exposure to potential hazardous energy sources.