Enclosed are proceedings of the workshop on Internal Dosimetry held on Atlanta, Georgia in April 1992. The recommendations from the Workshop were considered by the CIRRPC Subpanel on Occupational Radiation Protection Research in identifying those areas to be undertaken by individual Federal Agencies or in cooperative efforts. This document presents summaries of the following sessions: A.1 Applications and limitations of ICRP and other metabolic models, A.2 Applications and implementation of proposed ICRP lung model, A.3 Estimates of intake from repetitive bioassay data, A.4 Chelation models for plutonium urinalysis data, B.1 Transuranium/uranium registry data, B.2 Autopsy tissue analysis, B.3 Bioassay / Whole body counting, B.4 Data base formatting and availability, C.1 An overview of calculational techniques in use today, C.2 The perfect code, C.3 Dose calculations based on individuals instead of averages, C.4 From macro dosimetry to micro dosimetry.

Mechanisms and associated energetics for adatom diffusion on the (100) and (110) surfaces of Ni, Cu, Rh, Pd, and Ag are investigated. Self-diffusion was studied on (100) and (I 10) surfaces of Ni, Cu, Pd and Ag using corrected effective medium method (CEM) and approximation to CEM used for molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo studies (MD/MC-CEM). Self-diffusion on Pd(100), Ag(100), Ni(110), Cu(110), Pd(110), and Ag(110) is accomplished by classical diffusion: the adatom hops from its equilibrium adsorption site over an intervening bridge site to an adjacent equilibrium site. Self-diffusion on Ni(100) and Cu(100) proceeds by atomic-exchange diffusion: the adatom on the surface displaces an atom in the first surface layer. Aside from explicit inclusion of the kinetic-exchange-correlation energy, it is critical to include enough movable atoms in the calculation to insure correct energetics. Distortions induced by these diffusion mechanisms, especially atomic exchange, are long ranged in surface plane, owing to small distortions of many atoms being energetically favored over large distortions of few atoms. Energetics and rates of heterogeneous adatom diffusion on the (100) surfaces of Ni, Cu, Rh, Pd, and Ag show that the final state energies differ due to variation of metallic bonding with coordination for different types …

Several pumping mechanisms have been suggested for x-ray lasers including collisional excitation, recombination, photo-ionization and photo-pumping. The success of photo-pumping as an x-ray laser scheme hinges on sufficient overlap of the emission and adsorption lines. For such a scheme to exhibit gain, the difference of the energies of the two lines must be within the line widths determined by the plasma dynamics, such as Doppler and opacity broadening. Typically, an overlap of a few parts in 10{sup 4} is required. Due to correlation effects, high-n levels of multi-electron ions are difficult to calculate and are reliable to roughly a part in 10{sup 3}. These differences are large enough to preclude accurate predictions of successful overlaps. As a result, precise measurements of the overlaps are needed. The continued interest in photo-pumping schemes lies in its potential to improve the laser output. It also allows the excitation of lasing transitions not accessible to other mechanisms and thus to the test laser kinetics from a different perspective. We have studied several such photo-pumping schemes at the LLNL electron beam ion trap. The N-like isoelectronic sequence 3d-5f and 3d-6f transitions were studied for photo-pumping by He-like ions, the Ne-like 2p-4d transitions were studied for …

The electron beam technology demonstration at SRS has potential benefit to some groundwater remediation projects at SR and other DOE facilities. At SRS, organic contaminants are the most commonly found contaminants in groundwaters, consequently, this technology has the potential to remove the contaminants fro the groundwaters effectively. The primary objective is to provide site-specific data to support SRS remediation actions. The secondary objective for the technology demonstration will be to obtain necessary information for a full-scale remediation treatment system. The information will include operating and construction costs, removal efficiency, potential operating problems, and process chemical dosages if applied.

Role of H spillover to the silica support was studied using chemisorption; a strongly bound component of spilled over H was found in the silica support which interfered with accurate measurements of active metal sites via volumetric strong H chemisorption. The volumetric chemisorption technique was modified so that measurement times were reduced from 12--36 h to 1 h. The active Ru surface was characterized means of changes in proton spin counts and NMR Knight shifts vs alkali loading. Na, K blocked the active surface of Ru metal, but Cs was pushed off by H chemisorption. The alkali promoters restricted H mobility on both metal surface and at the metal support interfaces; this is consistent with effects on Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. {sup 1}H NMR was used to study the effect of the active metal and promoter on support hydroxyl groups. The OH group density in the silica support decreased with metal and/or promoter loading, but not on a one-to-one basis; the exchange efficiency of the hydroxyls decreased with atomic size of the alkali metal. An additional downfield proton resonance was detected which was assigned to the alkali hydroxide species in the support.

This User`s Guide describes the installation and use of the Meta- Transport Library protocol base classes. This software package includes the full source code for the implementation, as well as man pages and appropriate documents. The fully built MTL is a C++ library file that is linked into derived protocol code.

Hydrogen piston engines can be simultaneously optimized for improved thermal efficiency and for extremely low emissions. Using these engines in constant-speed, constant-load systems such as series hybrid-electric automobiles or home cogeneration systems can result in significantly improved energy efficiency. For the same electrical energy produced, the emissions from such engines can be comparable to those from natural gas-fired steam power plants. These hydrogen-fueled high-efficiency, low-emission (HELE) engines are a mechanical equivalent of hydrogen fuel cells. HELE engines could facilitate the transition to a hydrogen fuel cell economy using near-term technology.

The relation of structure to lack of superconductivity in Pr-Ba-Cu-O was systematically investigated. First, the phase equilibria of this system was studied to find the processing parameters which maximize the cation-site ordering between Pr and Ba ions. Second, a comparative study between superconducting Nd-Ba-Cu-0 and non- superconducting Pr-Ba-Cu-0 was performed by forming solid-solution Nd- Pr-Ba-Cu-0. The relation between structure and superconductivity in Nd{sub 1{minus}x}Pr{sub x}Ba{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7{minus}{delta}} is investigated. {Tc} decreases monotonically with increasing {times} and superconductivity disappears at around x=0.3-0.4. {Tc} is enhanced by 10K when the sample is processed at an oxygen partial pressure (PO{sub 2}) of 0.01 atm, followed by oxygenation at 450C. Depression of {Tc} as a function of {times} and PO {sub 2} is explained in terms of a charge-transfer model. It is suggested that destruction of superconductivity in the RE{sub 1{minus}x}Pr{sub x}Ba{sub 2}CU{sub 3}O{sub 7{minus}{delta}} (RE=rare-earth) system can be viewed as disruption of four-fold planar coordinated Cu ions in the chain-site due to permanent occupation of extra Pr ions on Ba sites.

The Xpress Transfer Protocol (XTP) is a transport layer protocol designed to provide a wide range of communication services built on the concept that orthogonal protocol mechanisms can be combined to produce appropriate paradigms within the same basic framework. Rather than using a separate protocol for each type of communication, XTP`s protocol options and control of the packet exchange patterns allow the application to create appropriate paradigms such as unreliable datagrams, unreliable arbitrarily long datagrams, reliable datagrams, transactions, unreliable streams, reliable connections, and many others. Error control, flow control, and rate control are each configured to the needs of the communication. SandiaXTP is an object oriented implementation of XTP 3.7. The core of base classes used in SandiaXTP come from the Meta-Transport Library software. The SandiaXTP implementation of XTP 3.7 is a user space daemon. User`s application code makes request of the daemon, and the daemon satisfies them. This User`s Guide describes the installation and use of the SandiaXTP object-oriented implementation of XTP 3.7. The software package includes the full source code for the implementation, as well as man pages and appropriate documents. The fully built SandiaXTP is a user-space daemon that implements XTP 3.7.

A weekly publication, the Texas Register serves as the journal of state agency rulemaking for Texas. Information published in the Texas Register includes proposed, adopted, withdrawn and emergency rule actions, notices of state agency review of agency rules, governor's appointments, attorney general opinions, and miscellaneous documents such as requests for proposals. After adoption, these rulemaking actions are codified into the Texas Administrative Code.

Kinetic data for elimination of silylene supports formation of a ``tighter`` transition state, indicating a silacyclopropene intermediate. This extends the silacyclopropene mechanism to the cyclicdialkyne system and validates the consistency of the mechanism for silylakynes, in general. Investigation into the other possible silacyclopropene product established the instability of the product. The work with silylketenes proved that an inherent difference exists between reactivity of monosilyl-substituted ketenes and polysilyl-substituted ketenes. Although the mechanism for thermal decomposition of bis(silyl)ketenes can be modified to account for the unexpected silylene elimination products, reasons for the difference are limited to speculation. The photochemistry of silylketenes has not been previously studied, so a model system does not exist for comparison with our polysilylketene work. The photochemical experimentation suggests that the photochemistry and thermochemistry of polysilylketenes is not the same. A more extensive study of the mechanism of the systems covered in this research as well as with monosilyl-substituted systems is needed.