This report deals with numerical analyses of fluid mechanics, heat transfer, mass transfer and particle dynamics of interacting spheres and vaporizing droplets in a linear array or on a 1-D trajectory. Available finite element software has been modified and extended to solve several case studies including closely spaced monodisperse spheres with or without blowing; closely spaced vaporizing fuel droplets; and dynamically interacting vaporizing fuel droplets on a 1-D trajectory. Axisymmetric laminar flow has been assumed for three statically or dynamically interacting spherical solids and vaporizing droplets. Emphasis in this work is evaluating the effects of key system parameters, such as free stream Reynolds number, interparticle spacings, liquid/gas-phase viscosity ratio and variable fluid properties, on interfacial transfer processes and on the particle Nusselt number, vaporization rate and drag coefficient. Computer-generated correlations between integral quantities and system parameters were postulated for blowing spheres and vaporizing droplets. In addition to initial Reynolds number and droplet spacings, variable fluid properties, liquid-phase heating and internal droplet circulation have strong effect on the dynamic behavior of multi-droplet systems. While the lead droplet is most significantly affected by all key parameters, the second and third droplet causes distinct interaction effects which are largely dependent on initial droplet …

Periodic newsletter discussing information related to legislation, state finance, and other topics related to Texas government. This issue focuses on structural-functional reform in the Texas court system.

This report addresses the analytic closed analysis for RHIC insertion.

The analyzing powers A{sub y} differential cross sections d{sigma}/d{Omega} for the reaction {sup 13}C({pi}{sup +},{pi}{sup 0}){sup 13}N have been measured for forward scattering angles at an incident pion kinetic energy of T{sub pi}{sup +} = 163 MeV by using a transversely polarized target. Analyzing powers and reaction cross sections impose stringent constrains on nuclear reaction models and can be used to test the present understanding of nuclear structure for 1p-shell nuclei. The resulting A{sub y} are compared to the predictions of first-order Distorted Wave Impulse Approximation (DWIA) calculations, which reproduce well the differential cross sections. Although there is qualitative agreement at forward angles, the quantitative agreement is poor, especially at scattering angles larger than 50{degrees}. Since the DWIA calculations do not appear to be strongly sensitive to the assumed nuclear structure model, the discrepancy in describing the analyzing powers suggests that the reaction mechanism may not yet be well understood and higher order corrections may be important. Also measured were the analyzing powers for the elementary charge exchange reaction {pi}{sup {minus}} {bar p} {yields} {pi}{degrees}n over the same angular range and at an incident pion kinetic energy of T{sub pi}{minus} = 161 MeV. The results are compared to the most …

The Environmental Monitoring Program of the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory is described. Data for 1990 are presented, and general trends are discussed. The report is organized under the following topics: Environmental Program Overview; Environmental Permits; Environmental Assessments; Environmental Activities; Penetrating Radiation; Airborne Radionuclides; Waterborne Radionuclides; Public Doses Resulting from LBL Operations; Trends -- LBL Environmental Impact; Waterborne Pollutants; Airborne Pollutants; Groundwater Protection; and Quality Assurance. 20 refs., 26 figs., 23 tabs.

Highlights of the Chemical Technology Division's activities during 1990, including electrochemical technology and advanced batteries and fuel cells, technology for coal-fired magnetohydrodynamics and fluidized-bed combustion, methods for recovery of energy from municipal waste, and techniques for treatment of hazardous organic waste, the reaction of nuclear waste glass and spent fuel under conditions expected for a high-level waste repository.

Studies of long term stability in RHIC are reported. The results were obtained from two independent studies using different tracking programs on different computers. Only transverse motion was considered; the effects produced by synchroton oscillation and tune ripple were not included.

The rapid growth in the power of large-scale computers has had a revolutionary effect on the study of charged-particle accelerators that is similar to the impact of smaller computers on everyday life. Before an accelerator is built, it is now the absolute rule to simulate every component and subsystem by computer to establish modes of operation and tolerances. We will bypass the important and fruitful areas of control and operation, and consider only application to design and diagnostic interpretation. Applications of computers can be divided into separate categories including: component design, system design, stability studies, cost optimization, and operating condition simulation. For the purposes of this report, we will choose a few examples from the above categories to illustrate the methods used, and discuss the significance of the work to the project. We also briefly discuss the accelerator project itself. The examples that will be discussed are: The design of accelerator structures for electron-positron linear colliders and circular colliding beam systems, simulation of the wake fields from multibunch electron beams for linear colliders. Particle-in-cell simulation of space-charge dominated beams for an experimental linear induction accelerator for Heavy Ion Fusion.

Aromatic carbonium ions are observed in photoionization and radiolysis of aromatic compounds in hydrocarbons and alcohols. These aromatic carbonium ions result from the protonation of aromatic molecules by the protonated species of hydrocarbons and alcohols which are ubiquitous in the {open_quotes}high energy{close_quotes} chemistry processes. The condensed-phase optical absorption spectra of aromatic radical cations and aromatic carbonium ions are essentially identical. The assignment of the carbonium ion species is feasible by considering the lifetimes, kinetics, scavenger and solvent effects on radical cation and carbonium ion lifetimes.

We developed an expert system that acts as an intelligent assistant for tuning particle beam generators called MAESTRO, Model and Expert System Resource for Operators. MAESTRO maintains a knowledge base of the accelerator containing not only the interconnections of the beamline components, but also their physical attributes such as measured magnetic tilts, offsets, and field profiles. MAESTRO incorporates particle trajectory and beam envelope models which are coupled to the knowledge base permitting large numbers of real-time orbit and envelope calculations in the control-room environment. To date we have used this capability in three ways: First, to implement a tuning algorithm for minimizing transverse beam motion. Second, to produce a beam waist with arbitrary radius at the entrance to a brightness diagnostic. And finally, to measure beam energy along the accelerator by fitting orbits to focusing and steering sweeps.

An Asymmetric B Factory to be installed in the PEP tunnel has been under study at SLAC, LBL and LLNL for several years. A mature design for a 9 GeV {times} GeV electron-positron collider with a design luminosity of 3 {times} 10{sup 33} cm{sup {minus}2}s{sup {minus}1} is presented. Solutions new exist for all the technical problems, including issues rlated high currents (e.g. beam instabilities, feedback systems, vacuum chamber design, lifetime degradation and radiation power dissipation in the interaction region) and those related to the related to the different energies of the beams (e.g. beam separation, beam -- beam interaction and detector requirements). The status of the design, including prototype development will be discussed.

The Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) initiated the Augmented Fish Health Monitoring project in 1986. This project was a five year interagency project involving fish rearing agencies in the Columbia Basin. Historically, all agencies involved with fish health in the Columbia Basin were conducting various levels of fish health monitoring, pathogen screening and collection. The goals of this project were; to identify, develop and implement a standardized level of fish health methodologies, develop a common data collection and reporting format in the area of artificial production, evaluate and monitor water quality, improve communications between agencies and provide annual evaluation of fish health information for production of healthier smolts. This completion report will contain a project evaluation, review of the goals of the project, evaluation of the specific fish health analyses, an overview of highlights of the project and concluding remarks. 8 refs., 1 fig., 4 tabs.

The new Advanced ECR (AECR) source is being developed for the 88-Inch Cyclotron at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. It operates at 14.5 GHz, compared to 6.4 GHz for the present LBL ECR source. An electron gun injects electrons into the plasma chamber to increase the production of high charge state ions. The first AECR beams were injected into the cyclotron in June of 1990 and since then a variety of ion species from the AECR have been accelerated, including beams from oxygen at 32 MeV/u to bismuth at 4.6 MeV/u. A Xe{sup 32+} beam of 1054 MeV or 8 MeV/u was accelerated. 4 refs., 3 figs., 2 tabs.

For future linear colliders, with very small emittances and beam sizes and demanding tolerances on final focus system alignment and magnet errors, it becomes increasingly important to use the beam as a diagnostic tool. We report here procedures we have identified and will be implemented in the Final Focus Test Beam at SLAC incorporating (1) quadrupole strength changes, (2) central orbit modifications, (3) spot size measurements, and (4) beam stability monitoring. 3 refs., 4 figs., 3 tabs.

At the interaction point of the SLC two oppositely running bunches with energies of 46 GeV and transverse extensions of a few microns are brought into collision. The strong electric and magnetic fields produced by one bunch lead to a deflection of the other bunch and to the emission of synchrotron radiation of critical energies of a few 10 MeV. This radiation, coined beamstrahlung, is detected in a Cerenkov monitor. In this paper a simulation code for the beam-beam interaction of two tilted elliptic beams is presented. A closed expression for the deflection angles is presented and the number of generated Cerenkov photons is calculated. 6 refs., 3 figs.

This report is about Beam-Beam Interaction and High Order Resonances.

We present a summary of beam-beam dynamics studies that have been carried out to date for the proposed SLAC/LBL/LLNL B Factory. Most of the material presented here is contained in the proposal's Conceptual Design Report, although post-CDR studies are also presented. 15 refs., 6 figs., 2 tabs.

In general, a recirculation path length in a recirculating accelerator has to be an integer multiple of RF wavelength if recirculations are all in the same direction. However, it is not necessary to require such a relation to be satisfied with respect to the bunching frequency, when the bunch repetition rate is different from the RF frequency. An analytic model of multipass beam breakup (BBU) in recirculating linacs studied by Bisognano and Gluckstern has been generalized to include the case of a subharmonic bunching scheme in the operation of such linacs.

This report talks about Beam Life-Time with Intrabeam Scattering and Stochastic Cooling

At the end of the Stanford Linear Accelerator the high energy electron and positron beams are quite small. Beam sizes below 100 {mu}m ({sigma}) as well as the transverse distribution, especially tails, have to be determined. Fluorescent screens observed by TV cameras provide a quick two-dimensional picture, which can be analyzed by digitization. For running the SLAC Linear Collider (SLC) with low backgrounds at the interaction point, collimators are installed at the end of the linac. This causes a high radiation level so that the nearby cameras die within two weeks and so-called radiation hard'' cameras within two months. Therefore an optical system has been built, which guides a 5 mm wide picture with a resolution of about 30 {mu}m over a distance of 12 m to an accessible region. The overall resolution is limited by the screen thickness, optical diffraction and the line resolution of the camera. Vibration, chromatic effects or air fluctuations play a much less important role. The pictures are colored to get fast information about the beam current, size and tails. Beside the emittance, more information about the tail size and betatron phase is obtained by using four screens. This will help to develop tail compensation …

The renormalized coupling strength of the {beta}-decay axial vector current is related to {pi}{plus minus} p cross sections through the Adler-Weisberger sum rule, that follows from chiral symmetry. We attempt to understand the Adler-Weisberger sum rule in the 1/N{sub c} expansion in QCD, and in the Skyrme-Witten model that realizes the 1/N{sub c} expansion in the low energy limit, using it to explicitly calculate both g{sub A} and the {pi}{plus minus} p cross sections. 32 refs.

This report addresses the beta functions in the presence of linear coupling.

This OTA background paper evaluates the current state of knowledge and assesses the potential of bioremediation for responding to marine oil spills. Our basic message is a dual one: we caution that there are still many uncertainties about the use of bioremediation as a practical oil spill response technology; nevertheless, it could be appropriate in certain circumstances, and further research and development of bioremediation technologies could lead to enhancing the Nation’s capability to fight marine oil spills.

Tests have been performed at Fermilab on 1.5 m magnetic length model SSC collider dipoles using both bipolar and unipolar ramp cycles. Hysteresis energy loss due to superconductor and iron magnetization and eddy currents is measured and compared as a function of various ramp parameters. Additionally, magnetic field measurements have been performed for both unipolar and bipolar ramp cycles. Measurements such as these will be used to estimate the heat load during collider injection for the SSC High Energy Booster dipoles. 9 refs., 4 figs.