This report provides dose-response models intended to be used in estimating the radiological health effects of nuclear power plant accidents. Models of early and continuing effects, cancers and thyroid nodules, and genetic effects are provided. Two-parameter Weibull hazard functions are recommended for estimating the risks of early and continuing health effects. Three potentially lethal early effects -- the hematopoietic, pulmonary and gastrointestinal syndromes -- are considered. Linear and linear-quadratic models are recommended for estimating cancer risks. Parameters are given for analyzing the risks of seven types of cancer in adults -- leukemia, bone, lung, breast, gastrointestinal, thyroid and ''other''. The category, ''other'' cancers, is intended to reflect the combined risks of multiple myeloma, lymphoma, and cancers of the bladder, kidney, brain, ovary, uterus and cervix. Models of childhood cancers due to in utero exposure are also provided. For most cancers, both incidence and mortality are addressed. Linear and linear-quadratic models are also recommended for assessing genetic risks. Five classes of genetic disease -- dominant, x-linked, aneuploidy, unbalanced translocation and multifactorial diseases --are considered. In addition, the impact of radiation-induced genetic damage on the incidence of peri-implantation embryo losses is discussed. The uncertainty in modeling radiological health risks is addressed by …

An IBM PC-compatible computerized database (CCSD, Complex Carbohydrate Structure Database) and database management system (CarbBank) for complex carbohydrates were created to provide a structure and citation information system to meet the needs of persons interested in carbohydrate science. The CarbBank staff will enter new structures into the database and correct present entries, under the guidance of approximately forty CarbBank curators. The CCSD has approximately 1400 records and is being verified by the curators at the present time, May 1989. We plan to have the database commercially available in September 1989, and we foresee a database containing about 10,000 records within three years. The CCSD exists as a flat file database. We propose to change a relational database format over the next two years to accommodate the large number of entries expected, to facilitate database maintenance, and to support a functional integration of data types, such as three-dimensional information, not presently included in the CCSD. We propose to develop CarbBank for other computer platforms and to enhance the features available in CarbBank.

An IBM PC-compatible computerized database (CCSD, Complex Carbohydrate Structure Database) and database management system (CarbBank) for complex carbohydrates were created to provide a structure and citation information system to meet the needs of persons interested in carbohydrate science. The CarbBank staff will enter new structures into the database and correct present entries, under the guidance of approximately forty CarbBank curators. The CCSD has approximately 1400 records and is being verified by the curators at the present time, May 1989. We plan to have the database commercially available in September 1989, and we foresee a database containing about 10,000 records within three years. The CCSD exists as a flat file database. We propose to change a relational database format over the next two years to accommodate the large number of entries expected, to facilitate database maintenance, and to support a functional integration of data types, such as three-dimensional information, not presently included in the CCSD. We propose to develop CarbBank for other computer platforms and to enhance the features available in CarbBank.

The usefulness of x-ray absorption spectroscopy in studies of electronic structure in materials is discussed. 7 refs., 4 figs. (CBS)

Graphs plotting selected response spectrums from seismic analysis models.

Efficient initiation of large-volume chemical lasers may be achieved by neutron induced reactions which produce charged particles in the final state. When a burst mode nuclear reactor is used as the neutron source, both a sufficiently intense neutron flux and a sufficiently short initiation pulse may be possible. Proof-of-principle experiments are planned to demonstrate lasing in a direct nuclear-pumped large-volume system; to study the effects of various neutron absorbing materials on laser performance; to study the effects of long initiation pulse lengths; to demonstrate the performance of large-scale optics and the beam quality that may be obtained; and to assess the performance of alternative designs of burst systems that increase the neutron output and burst repetition rate. 21 refs., 8 figs., 5 tabs.

Highlights of the Chemical Technology (CMT) Division's activities during 1988 are presented. In this period, CMT conducted research and development in the following areas: (1) high-performance batteries (mainly lithium-alloy/metal sulfide, sodium/metal chloride, and sodium/sulfur); (2) aqueous batteries (lead-acid, nickel/iron, etc.); (3) advanced fuel cells with molten carbonate or solid oxide electrolytes; (4) coal utilization, including the heat and seed recovery technology for coal-fired magnetohydrodynamics plants and the technology for fluidized bed combustion; (5) methods for recovery of energy from municipal waste and techniques for treatment of hazardous chemical waste; (6) nuclear technology related to a process for separating and recovering. transuranic elements from nuclear waste and for producing 99Mo from low-enriched uranium targets, the recovery processes for discharged fuel and the uranium blanket in a sodium-cooled fast reactor, and waste management; and (7) physical chemistry of selected materials in environments simulating those of fission and fusion energy systems.

An investigation of Mound`s ability to measure and process bridges was conducted in 1985. Prior to improvements in the measuring system and technique, bridge width was found to have a sigma of 0.00019 in. After improvements were made, a sigma of 0.000047 was realized. Bridge length was found to be more erratic than width, although most of the inaccuracy was caused by measurement uncertainty. Length and width were found to have little or no correlation.

World space mapping in inertial frames is used to examine the Lorentz covariance of symmetry operations. It is found that the Galilean invariant concepts of simultaneity (S), parity (P), and time reversal symmetry (T) are not Lorentz covariant concepts for inertial observers. That is, just as the concept of simultaneity has no significance independent of the Lorentz inertial frame, likewise so are the concepts of parity and time reversal. However, the world parity (W) (i.e., the space-time reversal symmetry (P-T)) is a truly Lorentz covariant concept. Indeed, it is shown that only those mapping matrices M that commute with the Lorentz transformation matrix L (i.e., (M,L) = 0) are the ones that correspond to manifestly Lorentz covariant operations. This result is in accordance with the spirit of the world space Mach's principle. Since the Lorentz transformation is an orthogonal transformation while the Galilean transformation is not an orthogonal transformation, the formal relativistic space-time mapping theory used here does not have a corresponding non-relativistic counterpart. 12 refs.

The principle of profile consistency states that for fixed limiter safety factor q/sub a/, there exists unique natural equilibrium profile shapes for the current density j(r), and the electron temperature T/sub e/(r) for any tokamak plasma independent of the shapes of the heating power deposition profiles. The mathematical statement of the three basic consequences of this principle for sawtoothing discharges are: (r/sub 1//a) = F/sub 1/ (1/q/sub a/), <T/sub e/>/T/sub eo/ = F/sub 2/(1/q/sub a/), and a unique scaling law for the central electron temperature T/sub eo/, where r/sub 1/ is the sawtooth inversion radius and <T/sub e/> is the volume average T/sub e/. Since for a given T/sub e/(r), the ohmic current j(r) can be deduced from Ohm's law, given the function F/sub 1/, the function F/sub 2/ is uniquely fixed and vice versa. Also given F/sub 1/(1/q/sub a/), the central current density j/sub o/ = (V/sub L//2..pi..bRZ/sub eff/) T/sub eo//sup 3/2/ = (I/sub p//..pi..a/sup 2/) F/sub 3/(q/sub a/), where the function F/sub 3/ = (q/sub a//q/sub o/) is uniquely fixed by F/sub 1/. Here b approx. 6.53 /times/ 10/sup 3/ ln..lambda.., and I/sub p/, V/sub L/, Z/sub eff/, R, a, and q/sub o/ are the plasma current, loop …

We present evidence for the quenching of Einstein A-coefficients in an Ar-ion laser discharge due to the presence of a high intensity laser flux. The reduction in spontaneous emission intensity when lasing occurs was found to be dependent on the Einstein A-coefficient for transitions originating from the same upper level. 9 refs., 3 figs.

Soudan 2 is an 1100-ton tracking calorimeter which is being constructed to search for nucleon decay. The detector consists of finely segmented iron instrumented with drift tubes, and records three spatial coordinates and dE/dx for every gas crossing. Excellent event-reconstruction capability, particle identification, and muon sign and direction determination give superior rejection of the neutrino background to nucleon decay in many modes. The first 275 tons of Soudan 2 is operating and a charged-particle test beam calibration is under way. Construction is scheduled for completion in 1992. 4 refs., 6 figs., 2 tabs.

The Northwest Power Planning Act authorizes the Bonneville Power Administration to acquire all necessary energy resources to serve Northwest utilities choosing to acquire power from the agency and to give conservation the highest priority in responding to the demand for electricity. To meet this mandate, the agency has established residential conservation programs for weatherizing existing homes, building new energy-efficient homes, and promoting energy-efficient appliances. Pacific Northwest Laboratory prepared this report to compare and contrast the environmental requirements and issues involving Bonneville&#x27;s residential conservation programs. The key environmental concern confronting each of the programs with measures aimed at reducing air leakage rates in houses (both new and existing) is indoor air quality (IAQ). This report reviews the similarity and consistency of the programs&#x27; approach to IAQ, their impacts, program features, mitigation techniques, and new information about IAQ and other potential environmental issues confronting the programs. The information is intended for use in comparing and contrasting how environmental features mesh with other program features, checking consistency across programs and determining whether it makes sense for programs to be consistent, determining consistency between programs, and providing information to aid program planning in light of potential environmental issues and new information. 31 refs.

The 13000 cfm 'emergency' vent fan must be protected from over cooling which would result in a mechanical failure. Over cooling could result from a catastrophic cryogen release from the cryostat(s) or Argon Storage Dewar. In order to protect the fan, a VPT has been calibrated for -31 C to open a switch which sends a signal to allow warm gas to enter the sump by means of a motor controlled louver installed at 'sidewalk level' in the ductwork between the assembly hall and the Argon Dewar Enclosure. The bulb of the VPT is enclosed in a thermal well and will be placed in the gas stream directly above the fan. The switching unit will be mounted nearby on the wall in order to isolate it from vibrational effects. Should the fan be activated due to a cryogen release, it should not experience any problems when operating above -40 C. The switch was set and checked in a saturated calcium chloride solution cooled to -31 C by running cold gaseous Nitrogen through a copper tube coiled in a dewar. Switching temperature was measured by a thermocouple tied to the VPT bulb. The thermocouple was checked in LN2, in an ice …

During late summer and early fall of 1988, the Washington Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geology and Earth Resources (DGER) completed drilling eight shallow geothermal gradient test wells in the southern Washington Cascade Range. This report describes the preliminary results of the 1988 drilling and gradient measuring, and summarizes our current perspectives on distribution and magnitude of the geothermal resource potential in the southern Washington Cascades. 18 refs., 11 figs., 11 tabs.

This report summarizes the work performed to investigate the viability of a leach testing methodology for the Hanford Waste Vitrification Plant (HWVP) and provide glass dissolution data for HWVP model determination and validation. Leach tests up to one year in duration were conducted on the HWVP reference glass HW-39-1 (1.3 wt % Cr/sub 2/O/sub 3/), using the Materials Characterization Center Static Leach Test (MCC-1) and the Agitated Powder Leach Test (MCC-3). Glass surface area to leachate volume (SA/V) ratios of 10, 530, 2000, and 20,000 m/sup /minus/1/ were investigated during testing. The data resulting from the leach tests were statistically analyzed to evaluate the testing methodology. Based on these analyses, changes are recommended in the leach testing methodology, including changes in the randomization and replication plans to provide for better statistical characterization of glass durability. The statistical evaluation of the test data found that the current leach testing methodology provides the necessary data for calculating some of the sources of variability in the test results, but not others. Proposed additions and modifications to the testing methodology will provide for collecting the data required to estimate the other variance components so that defensible statistical qualification statements can be made. 17 refs., …

This abstracted bibliography provides a reference to the diverse environmental activities conducted on the Hanford Site from 1980 through 1988. It includes 500 reports and articles that were prepared largely by onsite contractors and the Department of Energy. Documents contained here were separated into eight subject areas: air and atmosphere, aquatic ecology, effluents and wastes, geology and hydrology, Hanford Site, radioactivity, terrestrial ecology, and socioeconomics. These areas form the basis of a key word index, which is intended to help the reader locate subjects of interest. An author index is also included.

The wavelengths of the transition 1s2p /sup 1/P/sub 1/ ..-->.. 1s/sup 2/ /sup 1/S/sub 0/ in heliumlike potassium, scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, and iron have been measured with an experimental precision of ..delta..lambda/lambda approx. 1/20,000. The data typically agree within error bars with recent theoretical predictions which include quantum electrodynamical corrections. However, the comparison shows that there are systematic differences between data and predictions, which indicate a need to include additional corrections in the calculations. In particular, it is found that the experimental wavelengths are consistently shorter than the calculated values by amounts which depend on the particular theoretical prediction used in the comparison. Measurements of the wavelengths of ..delta..n greater than or equal to 2 x-ray transitions in heliumlike argon, scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, and iron are also presented. 42 refs., 8 figs., 2 tabs.

The Software Components Group pSOS operating system kernel and pROBE debugger have been extended to support the Fermilab PAN-DA system for a variety of Motorola 680xx-based VME and FASTBUS modules. These extensions include: a multi-tasking, reentrant implementation of Microtec C/Pascal; a serial port driver for terminal I/O and data transfer; a message reporting facility; and enhanced debugging tools. 5 refs., 1 fig.

Data acquisition applications at Fermilab require a reliable, distributed communication system for downloading, diagnostics, control, and data distribution. TCP/IP over Ethernet was chosen because of its uniform user interface and commercial availability for a number of processors and operating systems. This paper describes our software and hardware support for TCP/IP on VAX/VMS, VME/pSOS, FASTBUS/pSOS, and Unix systems. It includes plans to provide a portable, hardware independent implementation of TCP/IP based on Berkeley BSD software. 8 refs., 3 figs.

The value of sin /sup 2//theta//sub W/ can be determined to /plus minus/0.002 /minus/ 0.004 by using the semileptonic decays of the K/sub L/to provide a beam of /nu//sub /mu// and /bar /nu///sub /mu// and measuring the ratio R/prime/ = /sigma/(/bar /nu///sub /mu//, NC)//sigma/(/nu//sub /mu//, NC). Systematic errors which have limited the world-average of previous /nu//sub /mu//N determinations of sin/theta//sub W/ to /plus minus/0.008 are largely eliminated. This experiment will determine the radiative corrections /Delta/r in /nu//sub /mu//N scattering to /plus minus/0.007 and in combination with W,Z mass measurements will provide precise tests of the Standard Model at the tree and one-loop level. 6 refs., 1 fig., 1 tab.

Calculations of non-inductive current drive typically have been used with model MHD equilibria which are independently generated from an assumed toroidal current profile or from a fit to an experiment. Such a method can lead to serious errors since the driven current can dramatically alter the equilibrium and changes in the equilibrium B-fields can dramatically alter the current drive. The latter effect is quite pronounced in LH current drive where the ray trajectories are sensitive to the local values of the magnetic shear and the density gradient. In order to overcome these problems, we have modified a LH simulation code to accommodate elongated plasmas with numerically generated equilibria. The new LH module has been added to the ACCOME code which solves for current drive by neutral beams, electric fields, and bootstrap effects in a self-consistent 2-D equilibrium. We briefly describe the model in the next section and then present results of a study of LH current drive in ITER. 2 refs., 6 figs., 2 tabs.

In this paper we describe different formulations for treating the nucleon-nucleon transport physics. These will all be semi-classical treatments; however considerable work has been done considering the relationship between quantal and semi-classical formulations. We discuss additional input specific to calculation of pion and photon yields, and present comparisons between calculated and experimental results, mostly for high energy photons. Conclusions and suggestions for future work are presented in the last section. 65 refs., 7 figs.

With the advent of larger and faster computers, as well as modern shell model codes, nuclear structure calculations for the light nuclei (A<16) which include full 2/bar h/..omega.. model spaces are quite feasible. However, there can be serious problems in the mixing of 2/bar h/..omega.. and higher excitations into the low-lying spectra if the effective interaction is non-saturating. Furthermore, effective interactions which are both saturating and density dependent have not generally been used in previous nuclear structure calculations. Therefore, we have undertaken studies of /sup 4/He using two-body potential interactions which incorporate both saturation and density-dependence. Encouraging initial results in remedying the mixing of 0 and 2/bar h/..omega.. excitations have been obtained. We have also considered the effects of our interaction on the /sup 4/He compressibility and the centroid of the breathing mode strength. First indications are that a saturating effective interaction, with a short-range density dependent part and a long-range density independent part, comes close to matching crude predictions for the compressibility of /sup 4/He. 11 refs., 6 tabs.