The waste package is a proposed engineering barrier that is part of a permanent repository for HLW. Metal alloys are the principal barriers within the engineered system. Technical discussions are given for the corrosion of metals proposed for the canister, particularly carbon steels, stainless steels, and copper. The current level of understanding of several canister materials is questioned for the candidate repository in tuff. Three issues are addressed, the possibility of the stress-induced failure of Zircaloy, the possible corrosion of copper and copper alloys, and the lack of site-specific characterization data. Discussions are given on problems concerning localized corrosion and environmentally assisted cracking of AISI 1020 steel at elevated temperatures (150{degree}C). For the proposed salt site, the importance of the duration of corrosion tests and some of the conditions that may preclude prompt initiation of needed long-term testing are two issues that are discussed. 31 refs., 5 figs.

Improvement on America's competitive position in international trade is one of the major issues confronting the 100th Congress. Most legislative proposals have included provisions for increasing the funding levels for Federal education programs, expanding current programs, or authorizing new programs. The primary goal is to improve the productivity of the Nation's workers by raising the skill level of the workforce. Discussions about education's role i n addressing the competitiveness issue have included the contribution of education to productivity growth, comparisons of the educational achievement of American school children with that of their peers in other nations , the educational needs of illiterate adults , and the role of technology in education.

This Report is about the description of the survival rate of charge 90+ uranium ions in the AGS vacuum.

In this paper we describe the early work carried out at LBL on the consequences of installing insertion devices (wigglers and undulators) on the beam dynamics of the ALS. This included analytical and tracking studies, and led to an insight to the reasons behind the predicted reduction in dynamic aperture. For completeness, a description of the unperturbed storage ring characteristics are also given. 3 refs., 16 figs., 2 tabs.

Eruption of the Rainier Mesa and Ammonia Tanks Members Timber Mountain Tuff at about 11.5 and 11.3 Ma, respectively, resulted in formation of the timber Mountain (TM) caldera; new K-Ar ages show that volcanism within and around the TM caldera continued for about 1 m.y. after collapse. Some TM age magmatic activity took place west and southeast of the TM caldera in the Beatty -- Bullfrog Hills and Shoshone Mountain areas, suggesting that volcanic activity at the TM caldera was an intense expression of an areally extensive magmatic system active from about 11.5 to 10Ma. Epithermal Au-Ag, Hg and fluorite mineralization and hydrothermal alteration are found in both within and surrounding the Timber Mountain -- Oasis Valley caldera complex. New K-Ar ages date this hydrothermal activity between about 13 and 10 Ma, largely between about 11.5 and 10 Ma, suggesting a genetic relation of hydrothermal activity to the TM magmatic system.

The response of polyethylene-moderated U-235 fission counters is only weakly dependent on incident neutron energy, while the response of unmoderated U-238 or Th-232 fission counters increases strongly with energy. A given concentration of D-T neutrons in a mixed DT-DD source results in a unique relative detector response that depends on the parameters R14 and R2.5, where R14 is the ratio of the unmoderated U-238 and moderated U-235 detector efficiencies for a pure 14-MeV neutron source, and R2.5 is the corresponding ratio for a pure 2.5 MeV source. We have determined R14 and R2.5 using D-D and D-T neutron generators inside the TFTR vacuum vessel. The results indicate that, for our detector geometry, the ratio of U-238 to U-235 count rates should increase by a factor of about 3 when the fusion neutron source changes from pure D-D to pure D-T. This calibration is being applied to recent TFTR /open quotes/supershot/close quotes/ data, where the uncollided neutron flux in the post-beam phase contains a high proportion of D-T neutrons from the burnup of D-D tritons. 8 refs., 4 figs,. 2 tabs.

The problem of the dynamical stability of the equilibrium solutions for the bosonic stellar configurations in the framework of general relativity is studied. Following the method developed by Chandrasekhar, a variational principle for determining the eigenfrequencies of the oscillations is found. Using the variational principle, one can find an upper bound for the central densities where dynamical instability occurs. For the non-interacting massive complex scalar fields the equilibrium configurations are dynamically unstable for central densities bigger than /rho/ = 1.04 x 10/sup 98/m/sup 2/ g/cm/sup 3/ (m is the boson mass in grams) whereas for the quartic self-interacting case the bound is given by /rho/ = 0.53 x 10/sup 98/m/sup 2/ g/cm/sup 3/ (for a value of the quartic coupling constant: 3.8 x 10/sup 12/m/sup 2/). 5 refs.

A 1.5 to 1.9 GeV synchrotron light source is being built at LBL. The vacuum system is designed to permit all synchrotron photons on the median plane to escape the electron channel and go into an antechamber through a 10 mm high slot. This slot offers effective RF isolation between the electron duct and the antechamber. All unused synchrotron photons within a few mrad of the median plane will be stopped by 96 nearly horizontal absorbers located in the antechamber. The gas, generated by the photons hitting the absorbers, will be directed down to reactive titanium surfaces. Twelve 10 meter long vessels constitute the vacuum chambers for all the lattice magnets. Each chamber will be machined from two thick plates of 5083-H321 aluminum and welded at the perimeter. The nominal wall thickness of the vacuum chamber is 40 mm, which makes it possible to machine a flange into the chamber without the use of welding. 5 refs., 5 figs.

The left-right asymmetry A/sub N/ in ..pi../sup /minus//p ..-->.. ..gamma..n has been measured at p/sub ..pi.. = 301, 316, 427, 471, 547, 586, and 625 MeV/c using a transversely polarized target. The final-state neutron and gamma were detected in coincidence by two states of matching neutron and gamma detectors at gamma angles centered around 90/degree and 110/degree/ c.m. A gamma detector consisted of an array of 15 counters, each was 15/times/15/times/25 cm/sup 3/ block of lead-glass. A neutron detector consisted of 15 counters also, each one was a cylindrical plastic scintillator 7.6 cm in diameter and 45.7 cm long. The A/sub N/ results are compared with the predictions from the most recent single-pion photoproduction partial-wave analysis by Arai and Fujii. The agreement is poor, casting doubt on the correctness of the value for the radiative-decay amplitude of the neutral Roper resonance now in use. A comparison is made with the 90/degree/recoil proton polarization data of the inverse reaction derived from ..gamma..d scattering, there are substantial discrepencies. Charge exchange (..pi../sup /minus/p/ ..-->.. ..gamma../degree/n) events were the major yield in this experiment. Very precise values of the charge exchange analyzing power were obtained with an error of typically 3%. The charge exchange …

A study of mixing processes in doubly diffusive systems is being conducted. Continuous gradients of two diffusing components (heat and salinity) are being used as initial conditions, and forcing is introduced by lateral heating, surface shear and sloping boundaries. The goals of the proposed work include: quantification of the effects of finite amplitude disturbances on stable, double diffusive systems, particularly with respect to lateral heating, development of an improved understanding of the physical phenomena present in wind-driven shear flows in double diffusive stratified environments, increasing our knowledge-base on turbulent flow in stratified environments and how to represent it, and formulation of numerical code for such flows. The work is being carried out in a new experimental facility at Stanford and on laboratory minicomputers and CRAY computers. In particular we are focusing on the following key issues. The formation and propagation of double diffusive intrusions away from a heated wall and the effects of lateral heating on the double diffusive system; The interaction between the double diffusively influenced fluxes and the turbulence induced fluxes; The formation of gravitational intrusions; and The influence of double diffusive gradients on mixed layer deepening. The goals of the project were as follows. Physical experiments: Construct …

A key feature of the high T/sub c/ oxides is a very small value of the Fermi energy. This feature leads to peculiar thermodynamic and transport properties in the normal and superconductive state. 24 refs., 1 fig.

The miscellaneous components of an accelerator may contribute a substantial or even dominant part of the interaction between beam and surroundings. We have estimated the beam impedances of a few of these components. When needed, we have added our own conceptions to the descriptions available at the Workshop on the RHIC Performance in order to make definite the calculations of impedance. These assumed parameters, while not unique, hopefully illustrate feasible and typical designs. 8 refs., 4 figs., 2 tabs.

This project summary includes the results of 10 innovations that were funded under the US Department's Innovative Concept Programs. The concepts address innovations that can substantially reduce the energy used in industrial separations. Each paper describes the proposed concept, and discusses the concept's potential energy savings, market applications, technical feasibility, prior work and state of the art, and future development needs.

Report on the results of a study to develop phase-change slurries as advanced energy transmission fluids.

This paper is an overall review of studies carried out by the authors and some of their colleagues on RF breakdown, Field Emission and RF processing in room temperature electron linac structure. The motivation behind this work is twofold: in a fundamental way, to contribute to the understanding of the RF breakdown phenomenon, and as an application, to determine the maximum electric field gradient that can be obtained and used safely in future e/sup +-/ linear colliders. Indeed, the next generation of these machines will have to reach into the TeV (10/sup 12/ eV) energy range, and the accelerating gradient will be to be of the crucial parameters affecting their design, construction and cost. For a specified total energy, the gradient sets the accelerator length, and once the RF structure, frequency and pulse repetition rate are selected, it also determines the peak and average power consumption. These three quantities are at the heart of the ultimate realizability and cost of these accelerators. 24 refs., 19 figs., 4 tabs.

The sensitization study in the guinea pig did not show gadolinium nitrate to have potential sensitizing properties. Skin application studies in the rabbit demonstrated that it was cutaneously a severe irritant. This material was considered an irritant in the rabbit eye application studies. 3 refs., 1 tab.

This report discusses how broad should the coverage of Federal civil rights laws be? This was the central issue in the debate over legislation introduced in response to the February 1984 U.S. Supreme Court decision in Grove City College v. Bell.

A total of 7,071 kokanee spawners were counted during the peak of the spawning run in five tributaries to Dworshak Reservoir during 1987. Both size and numbers of fish were fairly average. During years when numbers of fish were large, total length of age 3+ kokanee was as low as 25 cm. Conversely, small numbers of kokanee resulted in an average length of 37 cm. Zooplankton densities during November of 1987 averaged 17.92 organisms/L, but decreased to 3.96 organism/L during December. These densities are similar to values obtained during 1972, although the percentage of cladocerans in the samples may have declined. Kokanee preferred Daphnia over 1 mm in length. Concentrations of orthophosphate and nitrate appear to have declined since the reservoir filled. Kokanee catch rates for boat anglers changed from 1.4 fish/h during November to 2.7 fish/h during December to 0.0 fish/h during January. This declining trend may have been temperature related. Harvest for these 3 months was an estimated 1,612 kokanee. 10 refs., 13 figs., 4 tabs.

Synchrotron sideband resonances of a first order spin resonance are generally regarded as the most important higher order spin resonances in a high-energy storage ring. Yokoya's formula for these resonances is rederived, including some extra terms, which he neglected, but which turn out to be of comparable magnitude to the terms retained. Including these terms, Yokoya's formalism and the SMILE algorithm are shown to be equivalent to leading order in the resonance strengths. The theoretical calculations are shown to agree with certain measurements from SPEAR.

A computer program called SMILE has been developed to calculate the equilibrium polarization in a high-energy electron storage ring. It can calculate spin resonances to arbitrary orders, in principle. Results of polarization calculations are shown for a variety of storage ring models, to elucidate various aspects of the behaviour of the polarization, such as the effects of machine symmetry, beam energy spread, and transverse momentum recoils, etc. Reasonable agreement is obtained with some experimental data from measurements at SPEAR. 12 refs., 12 figs.

This report describes a procedure for determining cerium in plutonium using an anion-exchange separation and x-ray fluorescence. We add lanthanum to the plutonium solution as an internal standard, oxidize the plutonium to Pu/sup /plus/4/, and pass the solution through an anion-exchange column with 8M HCl. The Pu/sup /plus/4/ sorbs to the resin, and the cerium and lanthanum pass through the column completely. We evaporate the solution containing the cerium and the lanthanum to 0.5 mL for pipetting onto a resin paper disc. The Pu/sup /plus/4/ is eluted off the column using 0.1M HCl. We then measure the K/sub ..cap alpha../ x-ray line for both cerium and lanthanum. The ratio of cerium to lanthanum for the sample is then compared with those from the standards. This method has a precision of 2.8% relative standard deviation for cerium over a concentration range of 0.1 to 5% cerium. 2 refs., 2 figs., 3 tabs.

Gestational exposure to n-hexane resulted in an increase in the number of resorbed fetuses for exposure groups relative to the control group; however, the increases were not directly correlated to exposure concentration. The differences were statistically significant for the 200-ppM with respect to total intrauterine death (early plus late resorptions), and with respect to late resorptions for the 5000-ppM group. A small, but statistically significant, reduction in female (but not male) fetal body weight relative to the control group was observed at the 5000-ppM exposure level. There were no exposure-related increases in any individual fetal malformation or variation, nor was there any increase in the incidence of combined malformations or variations. Gestational exposure of CD-1 mice to n-hexane vapors appeared to cause a degree of concentration-related developmental toxicity in the absence of overt maternal toxicity, but the test material was not found to be teratogenic. This developmental toxicity was manifested as an increase in the number of resorptions per litter for all exposure levels, and as a decrease in the uterine: extra-gestational weight gain ratio at the 5000-ppM exposure level. Because of the significant increase in the number of resorptions at the 200-ppM exposure level, a no observable effect level …

Dantzig's bounded-variable method is used to express the maximum entropy restoration problem as a linear programming problem. This is done by approximating the nonlinear objective function with piecewise linear segments, then bounding the variables as a function of the number of segments used. The use of a linear programming approach allows equality constraints found in the traditional Lagrange multiplier method to be relaxed. A robust revised simplex algorithm is used to implement the restoration. Experimental results from 128- and 512-point signal restorations are presented.

The constraints on the universal energy density and cosmological constant from cosmochronological ages and the Hubble age are reviewed. Observational evidence for the galactic chemical evolution of the heavy-element chronometers is described in the context of numerical models. The viability of the recently discovered Th/Nd stellar chronometer is discussed, along with the suggestion that high r-process abundances in metal-poor stars may have resulted from a primordial r-process, as may be required by some inhomogeneous cosmologies.