The {sup 3}H production, transport and environmental release from the 350 MW(t) Modular High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor was analyzed. The analysis was performed using a modified TRITGO computer code, plant data base from the Preliminary Safety Information Document and materials property data from the Fuel Design Data Manual, Issue F. The analysis indicates that most of the {sup 3}H produced in the reactor is retained by the fuel particles and the structural graphite elements. The single largest source of {sup 3}H is ternary fission in the fuel particles, of which 95% is retained by the particles. The {sup 3}H released from the core and the {sup 3}H produced by {sup 3}He activation are largely removed by the Helium Purification System. Assuming zero leakage of water from the secondary system, the average predicted {sup 3}H activity in the secondary water of 0.35 {mu}Ci/g is much greater than the allowable activity of 5 pCi/g for direct discharge into the environment. If any of the secondary water has to be discharged, it must be diluted prior to discharge. 10 refs., 9 figs.

A test program is planned in the COMEDIE loop of the Commissariat a l`Energy Atomique (CEA), Grenoble, France, to generate integral test data for the validation of computer codes used to predict fission product transport and core corrosion in the Modular High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (MHTGR). The inpile testing will be performed by the CEA under contract from the US Department of Energy (DOE); the contract will be administered by Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). The primary purpose of this test plan is to provide an overview of the proposed program in terms of the overall scope and schedule. 8 refs, 3 figs.

Definitions, capabilities of the calibration system and techniques of calibration are presented.

Over the past fifteen years of high-energy physics, electron-positron annihilation has been the most productive of all reactions probing the fundamental interactions. The e/sup +/e/sup /minus// annihilation process is unique in offering at the same time copious production of novel particles, low backgrounds from more conventional physics, and the most efficient use of the energy which an accelerator provides. These features have allowed the detailed characterization of the charm and bottom quark-antiquark systems and the unambiguous discovery of gluon jets---the crucial ingredients in the establishment of Quantum Chromodynamics as the correct theory of the strong interactions---as well as the discovery of the tau lepton and confirmation of the weak and electromagnetic properties of all the quarks and leptons at high energy. Over the past few years, experiments will begin at SLC and LEP, and we anticipate new discoveries from the detailed study of the Z/sup 0/ resonance. It is time, then to begin to think out how one might continue this mode experimentation to still higher energies. This document is the report of a committee convened by the Director of SLAC, Burton Richter, to set out the major physics goals of an e/sup +/e/sup /minus// collider in the energy range …

Three candidate materials were investigated in this study in terms of their electrochemical corrosion behavior in unirradiated 0.1 N NaNO{sub 3} solutions at 95{degrees}C. Anodic polarization experiments were conducted to determine the passive current densities, pitting potentials, and other parameters, together with Cyclic Current Reversal Voltammetry tests to evaluate the stability and protectiveness of the passive oxides formed. X-ray diffraction and Auger Electron Spectroscopy were used for identification of the corrosion products as well as Scanning Electron Microscopy for the surface morphology studies. 2 refs., 22 figs., 2 tabs.

Monthly newsletter of the Alamo Area Council of Governments describing news and events of relevance to the agencies.

A new software trigger scheme has been developed to augment and enhance the existing charged and neutral triggers by providing sensitivity to new event topologies and some level of control over accelerator-induced backgrounds. Historically, the Mark II existed with two primary trigger components: a charged track finder based upon the central and vertex drift chambers and the time-of-flight counters; and an electromagnetic trigger based upon the total energy deposited in each of ten calorimeter modules. The trigger component of the new system is based upon the Mark II electromagnetic calorimetry but with significantly increased granularity and the inherent flexibility of software. Trigger processing also benefits from the relatively long period of time (up to 8.3 ms) between SLC beam crossings. The production of long-lived neutral particles provides an example of an event topology which would not have triggered in the old system. By decaying beyond the first few drift chamber layers, such particles avoid the charged particle trigger, yet could produce clear signals in the calorimeters. Another example is the class of events containing a single photon as the visible particle such as occur in the reaction e{sup +}e{sup -} {yields} Z{sup 0}{gamma} {yields} {nu}{nu}{gamma}. Sensitivity to this reaction is …

This paper covers RF power sources for accelerator applications. The approach has been with particular customers in mind. These customers are high energy physicists who use accelerators as experimental tools in the study of the nucleus of the atom, and synchrotron light sources derived from electron or positron storage rings. This paper is confined to electron-positron linear accelerators since the RF sources have always defined what is possible to achieve with these accelerators. 11 refs., 13 figs.

The RING power system described in this paper is proposed as a primary or emergency heat rejection system for advanced space reactor power applications. The system employs a set of four (4) counter-rotating, 90 degree offset, coolant-carrying rings. The rings (segmented, corrugated, finned, thin-walled pipes, filled with liquid lithium) pass through a cavity heat exchanger and reradiate the absorbed heat to the space environment. 25 refs., 6 figs., 3 tabs.

The Annex to the 7-GeV Advanced Photon Source Conceptual Design Report updates the Conceptual Design Report of 1987 (CDR-87) to include the results of further optimization and changes of the design during the past year. The design changes can be summarized as affecting three areas: the accelerator system, conventional facilities, and experimental systems. Most of the changes in the accelerator system result from inclusion of a positron accumulator ring (PAR), which was added at the suggestion of the 1987 DOE Review Committee, to speed up the filling rate of the storage ring. The addition of the PAR necessitates many minor changes in the linac system, the injector synchrotron, and the low-energy beam transport lines. 63 figs., 18 tabs.

Report of Argonne Chemical Technology division activities, including high-performance batteries, aqueous batteries, advanced fuel cells, and coal utilization.

The effects of excimer laser surface melting on the near-surface chemistry, and corrosion behavior of AISI 304 stainless steel have been examined as a function of total energy deposited on the specimen. The surface chemistry resulting from the laser treatments has been examined using Auger electron spectroscopy. Electrochemical methods were used to monitor the corrosion behavior of the specimens in deaerated 0.1 M NaCl. Electron microscopy was used to characterize the extent of local corrosion of the specimens. Laser treatment was observed to increase the chromium concentration of the surface oxide and to reduce the number of pits. Two types of pits were observed on untreated material, but only one type of pit occurred after laser treatment. 7 refs., 5 figs.

This report was prepared as an attempt to collect the information developed in the crack-growth studies at Westinghouse from 1969 to 1986. Although progress reports were issued regularly over the entire period, the program results have not previously been integrated in a single document. The effect of a pressurized-water environment in the enhancement of fatigue crack growth at low frequencies of loading was discovered by Kondo in 1971 and verified in this program shortly thereafter. To characterize plates and forgings, as well as welds and heat-affected zones, a very large number of tests were done in the program. These tests were carried out in a series of matrices structured to investigate various issues, and the results are collected in this report. This work provided a data base for development of ASME Code reference crack-growth curves, as well as insights into some of the mechanisms of environmental enhancement. Static-load crack-growth-rate tests were conducted in the program with some specimens loaded in excess of 11 years. Static-load crack growth was observed in the heat-affected zone specimens and in one base metal heat after several years of exposure.

A scenario for the central engine of AGN has been developed consisting of a massive black hole (MBH) onto which gas accretes through an accretion disk. The accretion disk radiates the observed optical and ultraviolet continua. Surrounding the MBH is a nonthermal source which produces the infrared and soft x-ray continua by synchrotron emission, and the x-ray spectrum by inverse Compton scattering of the optical-ultraviolet photons from the accretion disk. Previously we modeled the accretion disk (M.A.M.) and nonthermal source (D.L.B.) separately, and here we combine the two models to form a unified description of the AGN engine. This combined model can be inverted to determine source parameters from observed spectra. A group of AGN for which multiband observations exist can then be modeled to: demonstrate the validity of the combined model for a large number of objects; establish the range of parameter values that describe the source; and search for any correlations between source description and type.

Subsequent to an extensive smoothing of the vacuum chamber a comprehensive study of the SPEAR impedance was undertaken. Bunch length, synchrotron quadrupole mode frequency, and parasitic mode loss were measured as functions of beam current. The results showed that, although the gross longitudinal impedance had indeed been reduced, the 'capacitive' component had also decreased relative to the 'inductive'--to the extent that previously compensated potential well distortion now induced bunch lengthening at low currents, and the turbulent threshold had actually been lowered. A specially designed multi-cell disc-loaded 'capacitor' cavity was shown to be capable of removing this effect by restoring the original compensation. A model of the new SPEAR impedance is also obtained. 7 refs., 6 figs.

A high level of current dependent bunch lengthening has been observed in the north damping ring of the Stanford Linear Collider (SLC), indicating that the ring's impedance is very inductive. This level of bunch lengthening will limit the performance of the SLC. In order to study the problem of bunch lengthening in the damping ring and the possibility of reducing their inductance we compute, in this report, the longitudinal impedance of the damping ring vacuum chamber. More specifically we find the response function of the ring to a short gaussian bunch. This function will later be used as a driving term in the longitudinal equation of motion. We also identify the important inductive elements of the vacuum chamber and estimate their contribution to the total ring inductance. This information will be useful in assessing the effect of vacuum chamber modifications. 7 refs. , 8 figs., 1 tab.

A full-range equation of state (EOS) for dry, nonporous basalt with a grain density of 2.868 gcm/sup 3/ has been constructed and placed on the SESAME library as material number 7530.

Diminished natural fish production in the Columbia River Basin has prompted increased artificial propagation to compensate both for losses of anadromous salmonids related to hydroelectric facilities and for other causes. The health and quality of artificially propagated smolts probably is a major influence on survival. Smolt survival varies greatly from one location to another, among different species and from one year to the next. Fish health monitoring is necessary to identify cause of mortality, assist in producing a healthy smolt, and provide a means for improving hatchery effectiveness. The Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) conducted a series of meetings to define the minimum ''needed'' level of fish health monitoring, determine what was presently being done and what additional effort was needed in the Basin's 54 anadromous fish hatcheries. Funding for the additional effort in Oregon began June 2, 1987. The goal of this project is to increase smolt-to-adult survival by accomplishing the following: (1) increase monitoring for specific fish pathogens and fish health parameters; (2) measure hatchery water supply quality; (3) identify facility impediments to fish health; (4) create a database of hatchery and fish health information; (5) establish a technical steering committee to evaluate and refine the project annually; and …

Studies of kokanee reproductive success in the Flathead system from 1981 to 1987 have assessed the losses in fish production attributable to hydroelectric operations. We estimated that the Flathead Lake shoreline spawning stock has lost at least 50,000 fish annually, since Kerr Dam was completed in 1938. The Flathead River spawning stock has lost 95,000 spawners annually because of the operations of Hungry Horse Dam. Lakeshore spawning has been adversely affected because Flathead Lake has been drafted to minimum pool during the winter when kokanee eggs are incubating in shallow shoreline redds. Egg mortality from exposure and desiccation of kokanee redds has increased since the mid 1970's. When the lake was drafted more quickly and held longer at minimum pool. Escapement surveys in the early 1950's, and a creel survey in the early 1960's have provided a baseline to which the present escapement levels can be compared, and loss estimated. Main stem Flathead River spawning has also declined since the mid 1970's when fluctuating discharge from Hungry Horse Dam during the spawning and incubation season exposed redds at the river margin and increased mortality. This decline followed an increase in main stem spawning in the late 1950's through the mid …

This report studies the transport of radionuclides from a repository to the environment by dissolution of the stored solid-waste form and subsequent transport in water. The sorption process may retard this movement of radionuclides from the repository to the accessible environment. A measure of this retardation process is the sorption ratio, R/sub D/, where R/sub D/ = (activity in solid phase per unit mass of solid)(activity in solution per unit volume of solution). In this study, predictions of the R/sub D/ values for the elements barium, cerium, cesium, europium, and strontium are developed from linear regression techniques. An R/sub D/ value was obtained for numerous drill core samples. Additional data include the particle size of the rock, temperature condition during the experiment, concentration of the sorbing element, and length of the sorption experiment. Preliminary regression results based on these data show that the temperature and length of the experiment are the most significant factors influencing the R/sub D/ values. Particle size has a slight effect, and based on a small amount of data, it appears that concentration had no effect. The x-ray diffraction data are used to classify the samples by mineralogy, and regression techniques are used to develop estimates …

This report describes two tasks of different nature. The first of these tasks was the preparation of a data base for heat flow and associated ancillary information for the United States. This data base is being used as the basis for preparation of the United States portion of a geothermal map of North America. The ''Geothermal Map of North America'' will be published as part of the Decade of North American Geology (DNAG) series of the Geological Society of America. The second of these tasks was to make a geothermal evaluation of holes drilled in the Cascade Range as part of a Department of Energy (DOE)/Industry co-sponsored deep drilling project. This second task involved field work, making temperature logs in the holes, and laboratory work, measuring thermal conductivity measurements on an extensive set of samples from these holes. The culmination of this task was an interpretation of heat flow values in terms of the regional thermal conditions; implications for geothermal systems in the Cascade Range; evaluation of the effect of groundwater flow on the depths that need to be drilled for successful measurements in the Cascade Range; and investigation of the nature of the surface groundwater effects on the temperature-depth …

Excitation of large amplitude coherent dipole bunch oscillations by beam induced voltages in spurious narrow resonances are simulated using a longitudinal phase-space tracking code (ESME). Simulation of the developing instability in a high intensity proton beam driven by a spurious parasitic resonance of the rf cavities allows one to estimate the final longitudinal emittance of the beam at the end of the cycle, which puts serious limitations on the machine performance. The growth of the coupled bunch modes is significantly enhanced if a gap of missing bunches is present, which is an inherent feature of the high intensity proton machines. A strong transient excitation of the parasitic resonance by the Fourier components of the beam spectrum resulting from the presence of the gap is suggested as a possible mechanism of this enhancement. 10 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.

The objective of this work is to develop 13% (aperture area) efficient, 850-cm/sup 2/ four-terminal hybrid tandem submodules. The module design consists of a copper-indium-diselenide (CIS)-based bottom circuit and a semitransparent, thin-film silicon-hydrogen (TFS)-based top circuit. High-performance, semitransparent TFS devices and submodules were fabricated in which ZnO was used in the front and rear transparent conductors. High-performance CIS devices and submodules were also fabricated; however, the location and nature of the junction are not yet understood. Representative four-terminal hybrid tandem devices and submodules were fabricated from TFS and CIS component circuits. Optical coupling between the circuits was lower than expected, because of reflection losses at key interfaces. Efficiencies obtained for these devices and modules include 14.17% for a four-terminal, 4-cm/sup 2/ tandem cell and 12.3% for a four-terminal, tandem module. 7 refs., 90 figs.

The author have studied by means of numerical simulations the dynamical evolution of a network of cosmic strings, both in the radiation and matter era. Our basic conclusion is that a scaling solution exists, i.e., the string energy density evolves as t/sup -2/. This means that the process by which long strings dump their energy into closed loops (which can gravitationally radiate away) is efficient enough to prevent the string domination over other forms of energy. This conclusion does not depend on the initial string energy density, nor on the various numerical parameters. On the other hand, the generated spectrum of loop sizes does depend on the value of our numerical lower cutoff (i.e., the minimum length of loop we allow to be chopped off the network). Furthermore, the network evolution is very different from what was assumed before), namely the creation of a few horizon sized loops per horizon volume and per hubble time, which subsequently fragment into about 10 smaller daughter loops. Rather, many tiny loops are directly cut from the network of infinite strings, and it appears that the only fundamental scale (the horizon) has been lost. This is probably because a fundamental ingredient had been overlooked, …