The objectives of the research are (1) evaluate the potential of FT-IR for qualitative functional group detection in chromatographic fractions of highly polar materials, (2) develop separation techniques with the aid of FT-IR detection for concentration of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur functionalities in synfuels, (3) describe and quantify the various heteroatom functionalities in selected solvent refined coal fractions, (4) place speciation techniques on-line with chromatographic separations, (5) compare quantitative speciation information obtained from LC-FTIR with established fluorine tagging techniques regarding model compounds and synfuels. 23 figures, 5 tables.

This research program has five main objectives: (1) flow properties - to assess the effects of temperature and pressure on absolute and relative permeabilities, on capillary pressure and on any relevant property of petroleum reservoirs; (2) in-situ combustion - tube runs for simulation of in-situ combustion experiments are performed under different pressure and oxygen concentration levels, and kinetics of in-situ combustion reactions are also studied; (3) steam injection with additives - to optimize the steam injection techniques when the control in steam injection is studied; (4) reservoir definition - to improve existing interpretation techniques for well tests, tracer tests and logging; and (5) field support services - to discuss practical problems with representatives of the oil industry. Progress reports are presented for the 5 tasks.

Numerous in-reactor tests were conducted in the 1960's and early 1970's to develop fuel elements for space nuclear reactors. Most of the tests emphasized refractory metal-clad UN, UC, and UO/sub 2/. Previous reviews were provided by Weaver and Scott and by Gluyas and Watson. More recently, these data were reviewed for supporting information concerning the technical feasibility issues as they relate to the current reactor designs. This paper will focus on the fuel pin failure experience to obtain insight into design options which will lead to a fuel system with the greatest potential for success.

Separate abstracts were prepared for each of the included sections. (MOW)

When gaseous uranium hexafluoride (UF/sub 6/) is released into the atmosphere, it rapidly reacts with ambient moisture to form an aerosol of uranyl fluoride (UO/sub 2/F/sub 2/) and hydrogen fluoride (HF). As part of our Safety Analysis program, we have performed several experimental releases of HF/sub 6/ in contained volumes in order to investigate techniques for sampling and characterizing the aerosol materials. The aggregate particle morphology and size distribution have been found to be dependent upon several conditions, including the temperature of the UF/sub 6/ at the time of its release, the relative humidity of the air into which it is released, and the elapsed time after the release. Aerosol composition and settling rate have been investigated using stationary samplers for the separate collection of UO/sub 2/F/sub 2/ and HF and via laser spectroscopic remote sensing (Mie scatter and infrared spectroscopy). 25 refs., 16 figs., 5 tabs.

The use of ion beam and pulsed laser processing is reviewed for the near-surface modification of a wide range of materials. The techniques of ion implantation doping, ion beam and laser mixing, and pulsed-laser annealing are stressed with particular emphasis on the nonequilibrium aspects of these processing techniques and on new materials properties which can result. Examples are presented illustrating the utility of these techniques for fundamental materials research as well as practical surface modifications.

A three-dimensional finite-element method is used to investigate thermal convection in the earth's mantle. The equations of motion are solved implicitly by means of a fast multigrid technique. The computational mesh for the spherical problem is derived from the regular icosahedron. The calculation described use a mesh with 43,554 nodes and 81,920 elements and were run on a Cray X. The earth's mantle is modeled as a thick spherical shell with isothermal, free-slip boundaries. The infinite Prandtl number problem is formulated in terms of pressure, density, absolute temperature, and velocity and assumes an isotropic Newtonian rheology. Solutions are obtained for Rayleigh numbers up to approximately 10/sup 6/ for a variety of modes of heating. Cases initialized with a temperature distribution with warmer temperatures beneath speading ridges and cooler temperatures beneath present subduction zones yield whole-mantle convection solutions with surface velocities that correlate well with currently observed plate velocities. 8 references, 6 figures.

A crossed undulator system can produce synchrotron radiation whose polarization is arbitrary and adjustable. The polarization can be linear and modulated between two mutually perpendicular directions, or it can be circular and can be modulated between right and left circular polarizations. The system works on low emittance electron storage rings and can cover a wide spectral range. Topics discussed include the basic principle of the system, the design equations and the limitations in performance.

The feasibility of geothermal energy use at naval installations in Norfolk, VA, Jacksonville, FL, and Charleston, SC was assessed. Geophysical and geological studies of the above areas were performed. Engineering and economic factors, affecting potential energy use, were evaluated. The Norfolk and Jacksonville facilities are identified as candidates for geothermal systems. System costs are predicted. Economic benefits of the proposed geothermal systems are forecast, using the net present value method of predicting future income.

The objective of this report is to present, in usable form, summary data from the Building Energy Performance Standards (BEPS) Phase II commercial buildings energy research conducted in 1978-1979. Summary data presented were obtained from two major research efforts: the BEPS Phase II Redesign experiment; and the related research on ASHRAE Standard 90-75R. The bulk of this report consists of data tabulations of key energy parameters for the 168 sample buildings, which were tabulated from computer-stored files of the 1978-1979 data. Two kinds of tabulations are included: numerical tabulations that extracted information from the computer-stored data base for the 168 sample buildings; and graphic presentations of the computer-generated data, plus data extracted from other sources. The intent is to provide a single data compendium of key energy-related factors from the 1978 redesign experiment and the associated 1978-1979 ASHRAE Standard 90-75R research. This report also supplements the information for which there was not space in the magazine articles. Thus, for some building types, additional analysis, comments, and data tabulations are included that could not be included in the articles because space was limited. These additional analysis items are not consistent across building types because both the energy conservation opportunities and the …

The electron velocity distribution of rf-heated plasma may be so far from Maxwellian that Spitzer conductivity no longer holds. A new conductivity for such plasmas is derived and the result can be put in a remarkably general form. The new expression should be of great practical value in examining schemes for current ramp-up in tokamaks by means of lower-hybrid or other waves.

A twist reflector plate is described that linearly polarizes and focuses the TE/sub O/sub 1// circular waveguide mode for heating hot electrons in the thermal barrier of the Tandem Mirror Experiment-Upgrade (TMX-U). The plate polarizing efficiency is 95%, and it has operated satisfactorily at 150 kW power level.

Recent results for charge-changing collisions of interest for cyclotrons and other particle accelerators are presented. Scaling rules, where available, are emphasized. 45 references, 11 figures.

Progress is reported in the following fields: coal chemistry, aqueous chemistry at high temperatures and pressures, geochemistry, high-temperature chemistry and thermodynamics of structural materials, chemistry of transuranium elements and compounds, separations chemistry, elecrochemistry, catalysis, chemical physics, theoretical chemistry, nuclear waste chemistry, chemistry of hazardous chemicals, and thermal energy storage.

New particle searches by TPC, MARK II, and MAC are reviewed. No evidence of supersymmetric particle production has been seen in two possible reactions. Improved lower bounds on the e mass have been set. The TPC search for charge (4/3)e particles is reported. 14 references.

A method of calculating the vacuum magnetic flux for plasma equilibrium over a range of aspect ratio A and major radius R is presented. Toroidal multipoles are used to fit the vacuum flux for a set of reference equilibria and the fitted moments are then used to parametrize the flux over the design space in A and R. An example is given in which the equilibrium flux for a D-shaped tokamak plasma is predicted and compared with the actual equilibrium code vacuum flux.

The purpose of this study is to perform a preliminary environmental analysis of certain chemical aspects of Eastern shale hydroretorting utilizing the data from the twenty-one (21) bench scale unit runs conducted during the HYTORT Feasibility Study. The report contained herein primarily addresses the potential types and quantities of pollutants emanating directly from the hydroretorting of oil shale (i.e., the retort paper). The following areas are discussed in detail: nitrogen distribution; sulfur distribution; gas trace constituents; sour water constituents; and shale leachates. The results of the analysis have not identified any potential pollutants or quantities which cannot be brought to conformance with currently promulgated environmental standards using existing technology. Additional analysis of the process chemistry portion of the HYTORT data base, coupled with the process and mechanical design information, can provide a methodology for dealing with the identified environmental concerns as they pertain to a commercial facility. Section 5.0 of the report delineates the areas which should be addressed in a continuing analysis of environmental concerns. The suggested program divides naturally into three phases, of which Phase 1 has been completed: Phase 1 - Environmental Analysis of the Eastern Shale Hydroretorting Data Base; Phase 2 - Generic (non-site-specific) Environmental Analysis; …

A portable microcomputer has been developed and programmed for the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) to perform in-field analysis of plutonium gamma-ray spectra. The unit includes a 16-bit LSI-11/2 microprocessor, 32-K words of memory, a 20-character display for user prompting, a numeric keyboard for user responses, and a 20-character thermal printer for hard-copy output of results. The unit weights 11 kg and has dimensions of 33.5 x 30.5 x 23.0 cm. This compactness allows the unit to be stored under an airline seat. Only the positions of the 148-keV /sup 241/Pu and 208-keV /sup 237/U peaks are required for spectral analysis that gives plutonium isotopic ratios and weight percent abundances. Volume I of this report provides a detailed description of the data analysis methodology, operation instructions, hardware, and maintenance and troubleshooting. Volume II describes the software and provides software listings.

Recent results from PEP on quark and gluon fragmentation are reviewed. Topics include: inclusive stable particle production and resonance production, particle distributions in jets, heavy quark fragmentation, flavor correlation studies and tests of fragmentation models. 37 references.

The possibilities for colliding electrons with the 20 TeV proton beams of the SSC are considered. Kinematics of ep colliding beams is reviewed. Energies that may be possible and interesting are suggested, and detector problems associated with the highly imbalanced collisions are briefly considered.

We present a new technique which extends the quantum chromodynamic evolution formalism in order to predict the short distance behavior of multiquark wavefunctions. In particular, predictions are given for the deuteron reduced form factor in the high momentum transfer region, and rigorous constraints on the short distance effective force between two baryons are predicted. These new techniques can be generalized in order to analyze the short distance behavior of multibaryon systems.

Sandia National Laboratories is currently involved in a number of experimental projects to provide data that will help quantify the threat of hydrogen combustion during nuclear plant accidents. Several experimental facilities are part of the Variable Geometry Experimental System (VGES). The purpose of this report is to document the experimental results from the first round of combustion tests performed at one of these facilities: a 5-m/sup 3/ cylindrical tank. The data provided by tests at this facility can be used to guide further testing and for the development and assessment of analytical models to predict hydrogen combustion behavior.

Using Deep Inelastic Neutron Scattering we have measured the nuclear momentum distribution in hcp, bcc and liquid /sup 4/He at constant density over a temperature range 0.96K < T < 4.0K. We find no temperature dependence of the momentum distribution in the hcp solid or the liquid. We also find no difference between the hcp, bcc and liquid phases. The average kinetic energy per atom is lower than the best present theories predict.

The estimation of systemic burdens from urinalyses has been the most common and useful method of quantifying occupational exposures to plutonium. Problems arise in using this technique, however, because of inadequate modeling of human retention, translocation, and excretion of this element. Present methods for estimating the systemic burden from urinalyses were derived to a large extent from patterns observed in the first few months after exposure, but there is now evidence that these same patterns do not persist over long periods. In this report we collect and discuss data needed for the interpretation of bioassay results for Pu. These data are used to develop a model that describes the movement, retention, and excretion of systemic Pu in the human body in terms of explicitly identified anatomical compartments. This model may be used in conjunction with existing models and/or case-specific information concerning the translocation of Pu from the respiratory or gastrointestinal tract or from wounds to the bloodstream. Attention is restricted to the behavior of Pu after it has gained access to the bloodstream. There remain significant uncertainties concerning some aspects of the movement of Pu, particularly its translocation from the liver. An attempt has been made to construct the model …