Tabulated data and graphic displays are presented for: world crude oil production for each year since 1974; OPEC crude oil production capacity; world crude oil and refined product inventory level for each year since 1975; oil consumption in OECD Countries for each year since 1975; USSR crude oil production for each year since 1975; and the free world and US nuclear electricity generation for 1973 and the current capacity. Also, tabulated data and graphic displays are included on: US domestic oil supply for each year since 1977; US gross imports of crude oil and products for each year since 1973; landed cost of Saudi crude in current and 1974 dollars; US coal trade for each year since 1975; US natural gas trade for each year since 1975; a summary of US merchandise trade for each year since 1977; and the US energy/GNP ratio in 1972 dollars.

Separate abstracts are included for each of the papers presented concerning fuel rod simulator operation and performance; simulator design and evaluation; clad heated fuel rod simulators and fuel rod simulators for cladding investigations; fuel rod simulator components and inspection; and simulator analytical modeling. Ten papers have previously been input to the Energy Data Base.

This paper presents a continued evaluation of the applicability of the couple-stress constitutive theory to graphite. The evaluation is performed by examining four-point bend and uniaxial tensile data of various sized cylindrical and square specimens for three grades of graphites. These data are superficially inconsistent and, usually, at variance with the predictions of classical theories. Nevertheless, this evaluation finds that they can be consistently interpreted by the couple-stress theory. This is compatible with results of an initial evaluation that considered one size of cylindrical specimen for H-451 graphite.

Retort No. 23 has been heavily instrumented and was ignited on March 16, 1981. A total of 6588 barrels of shale oil have been recovered from Retort No. 24 to date; 6057 barrels of oil were recovered during the quarter, an average of 65 barrels per day. Approximately 4909 barrels of shale oil were shipped by tanker truck to the WESRECO refinery in Salt Lake City, Utah, during the quarter. Drilling of re-entry process and instrumentation wells on Retort No. 25 was completed. A post-burn core sampling program for Retort No. 18 was developed and implemented.

Soil samples from Test Area C-74L, Eglin Air Force Base, Florida, were analyzed for depleted uranium by instrumental epithermal neutron activation analysis. The sampling design used was a modified polar coordinate scheme. The resulting data were analyzed with a statistical procedure called kriging to obtain a contour map of concentration and a 95% confidence interval map. The majority of uranium remains in the center of the area near the target abutment.

The KUGEL computer code is designed to perform thermal/hydraulic analysis and coated-fuel particle performance calculations for axisymmetric pebble bed reactor (PBR) cores. This computer code was developed as part of a Department of Energy (DOE)-funded study designed to verify the published core performance data on PBRs. The KUGEL code is designed to interface directly with the 2DB code, a two-dimensional neutron diffusion code, to obtain distributions of thermal power, fission rate, fuel burnup, and fast neutron fluence, which are needed for thermal/hydraulic and fuel performance calculations. The code is variably dimensioned so that problem size can be easily varied. An interpolation routine allows variable mesh size to be used between the 2DB output and the two-dimensional thermal/hydraulic calculations.

Detailed leading order QCD predictions are given for the scaling, angular, and helicity dependence of the reactions ..gamma gamma.. ..-->.. M anti M (M = ..pi.., K, rho, etc.) at large momentum transfer. In addition to providing a basic test of QCD at short distances, measurements can be used to determine the process-independent meson distribution amplitudes phi/sub M/(x,Q). Other related two-photon channels such as ..gamma gamma.. ..-->.. ..gamma..rho, ..gamma..*..gamma.. ..-->.. ..pi../sup 0/, eta/sup 0/, eta' and eta/sub c/ ..-->.. ..gamma gamma.. are also discussed. The existence of a fixed Regge singularity at J = 0 which couples to ..gamma..rho ..-->.. ..gamma..rho in the t-channel but not ..gamma pi.. ..-->.. ..gamma pi.. is also proved.

It has been decided to increase the energy range of the LBL 88-Inch Cyclotron by constructing an advanced ion source for installation on the existing axial injection system. The type of advanced ion source chosen is the Electron Beam Ion Source. The energy range will be increased to 40 MeV/nucleon for the lighter heavy ions and with development to over 20 MeV/nucleon at mass 100. Besides the 88-inch Cyclotron, present accelerators at LBL include the SuperHILAC, with beam energy up to 8.5 MeV/A, and the Bevalac, which will provide beams from 40 MeV/A to 2 GeV/A at all masses upon completion of the current Uranium Beams line item. Initial ion source design and design of the test bench are described.

An EBIS program was initiated at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory in late 1979. This first stage, construction of an EBIS research and development test-stand is described, along with results of the bare beam experiments.

The design, fabrication, and testing of two configurations of Lock Hopper Valves is described. These two configurations are intended to meet the requirements for four typical types of service in coal gasification plants. Operating pressures for either configuration is 1600 psi. One configuration is designed for use at temperatures up to 2000/sup 0/F, and the other for temperatures up to 850/sup 0/F. Several unique construction features are employed, including the extensive use of dense alumina ceramic, especially in the high-temperature valve. The description includes details of construction, and problems encountered during fabrication and testing, and proposed solutions to those problems.

The results of an in-pile nuclear blowdown test series, designated TC-1, are presented in this report.

Average record reduced data listings taken during aerial gamma-ray and magnetic surveys of the Lost Creek survey area in Washington state, documenting concentrations of various minerals with standard deviations and other data readings.

Single record reduced data listings taken during aerial gamma-ray and magnetic surveys of the Lost Creek survey area in Washington, documenting concentrations of various minerals and other data readings.

This preliminary study evaluation has manifested an overall technical and economic feasibility for producing a medium Btu quality gas (MBG) from coal at PSE and G's Sewaren Generating Station in New Jersey. The production of MBG for use as a fuel gas for on-site power plant boilers or for distribution to industrial customers appears to be economically attractive. The economic attractiveness of MBG is very dependent on the location of sufficient numbers of industrial customers near the gasification facilities and on high utilization of the gasification plant. The Sewaren Generating Station was identified as potentially the most suitable site for a gasification plant. The Texaco Coal Gasification Process (TCGP) was selected as the gasifier type due to a combination of efficiency and pilot plant experience. Further, it has the advantage of being a pressurized process, capable of supplying the gas without downstream compression which is required if the gas is to be transported to industrial consumers. The TCGP can handle the high sulfur eastern coals chosen as a feedstock. All equipment downstream of the gasifier is commercially proven. For maximum efficiency and flexibility, it would be desirable to consider the integration of the gasification process with a methanol synthesis plant, …

A field study, estimated to last 10 years, has been started to define leaching and migration rates of radionuclides from typical SRP buried wastes. The study utilizes 42 lysimeters (6-ft or 10-ft diameter by 10-ft deep) which have been charged with soil and waste to simulate burial ground conditions. Eight waste forms were selected for the study, which represent the bulk of the wastes generated at SRP. This report describes the lysimeter design, the physical and radiological characteristics of the wastes, and the experimental approach. Calculations have also been made which predict the migration of various radionuclides in the lysimeter soil. The calculations should provide guidance during the course of the study, and are the basis of recommendations made for collecting and interpreting data so that important parameters of migration can be evaluated.

It is proposed that direct detection of natural radioisotopes can be accomplished by using a very low energy (20 to 100 keV) cyclotron accelerating negative ions.

Two-particle (p-p,p-d) coincidence has been measured in p + A collisions. Production mechanism of backscattered proton has been studied by forward-backward coincidence events. Data show the importance of 2N-cluster scattering and/or multiple scattering processes involving a few nucleons. They also show that the nucleon-nucleon quasi-elastic-scattering is not the dominant part of the backscattered proton production.

The flash photolysis resonance (FP-RF) technique was used to reexamine the Cl-H/sub 2/ system, (Cl + H/sub 2/ ..-->.. H + HCl), to eliminate wall effects encountered in the flow reactor. With the FP-RF technique, the reactions takes place in the center of the cell at a rate which is typically two orders of magnitude faster than the rate of diffusion to the walls. Fromthis study, it was concluded that the ratio of the forward to the reverse rate constant is equal to the equilibrium constant. The measurement of the rate constant of the reaction Cl + D/sub 2/ ..-->.. D + HCl was the second study carried out during FY 1981. Below 250/sup 0/K, an anomalous departure from Arrhenius behavior in the equilibrium constant, K/sub D/, was observed. This was attributed to an impurity in the deuterium gas. While the possibility that some highly reactive impurity is responsible for the anomalous temperature cannot be completely ruled out, it does appear that the non-Arrhenius behavior is real. A possible explanation of the data is that long range attractive forces increase the reactive cross section at low kinetic energies. For the faster H/sub 2/ this effect would occur only at lower …

Colorado School of Mines is engaged in an experimental program to develop comprehensive models for the effects of coal composition upon the kinetics and mechanisms of coal hydrogenation, for the effects of mineral matter additives (disposable catalysts) upon kinetics and mechanisms of coal hydrogenation, and for the kinetics and mechanisms of the hydrogenation of coal derived products such as preasphaltenes, and asphaltenes. Experimental work was completed on a suite of bituminous coals, thus completing the initial phase of the coal reactivity study. Eleven of the 14 coals of the suite were successfully run in duplicate. Conversion to THF solubles was correlated well by pseudo-second order kinetics. The resulting kinetic rate constants correlated with H/C ratio, mean-max vitrinite reflectance, and a specially-defined fraction of reactive macerals. The data did not correlate well with O/C ratios of the parent coals. Computer-derived statistical fits of various kinetic models were limited in their effectiveness at fitting the experimental data. Experimental work on the first phase of the disposal catalyst studies was completed. Statistical significance testing of the experimental data showed: fractional conversion and yield of light hydrocarbon products increased with time; and mineral properties of the additives were more significant in increasing overall conversion …

Virus-cell interactions and the mechanism of viral entry have been the major focal points of this research. A method of analysis was perfected to investigate the entry process for herpes simplex virus. This technique makes use of a photosensitizing dye, FITC, that covalently binds to viral envelope proteins. Treated virions remain photosensitive until the envelope is shed during the process of infection. Our data strongly support an entry mechanism in which the viral envelope fuses with the cell plasma membrane. Other related projects have involved studies of the virucidal properties of retinoids, plaque development characteristics for viruses surviving treatment with membrane perturbers, and a large plaque effect that occurs when virus are plated on cells pretreated with uv light. In addition, we have characterized a new bacteriophage, investigated the interactions of divalent cations and proteins with phospholipid vesicles, extended our studies of the effects of hydrophobic photosensitizers on cell membranes, and used the spin-trapping technique to elucidate the reaction mechanism for an enzyme-like activity in soil extracts.

The US Department of Energy (DOE) Morgantown Energy Technology Center has implemented a comprehensive program to demonstrate the technical and economic viability of coalbed methane as an energy resource. The program is directed toward solution of technical and institutional problems impeding the recovery and use of large quantities of methane contained in the nation's minable and unminable coalbeds. Conducted in direct support of the DOE Methane Recovery from Coalbeds Project, this study analyzes the economic aspects of a horizontal borehole methane recovery system integrated as part of a longwall mine operation. It establishes relationships between methane selling price and annual mine production, methane production rate, and the methane drainage system capital investment. Results are encouraging, indicating that an annual coal production increase of approximately eight percent would offset all associated drainage costs over the range of methane production rates and capital investments considered.

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Diverse microbial species varied considerably in their ability to accumulate uranium, cesium, and radium. Mechanistic differences in uranium uptake by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were indicated. S. serevisiae exhibited a slow (hours) surface accumulation of uranium which was subject to environmental factors, while P. aeruginosa accumulated uranium rapidly (minutes) as dense intracellular deposits and did not appear to be affected by environmental parameters. Metabolism was not required for uranium uptake by either organism. Cesium and radium were concentrated to a considerably lesser extent than uranium by the several species tested.

In the microcavity storage system, high pressure hydrogen is stored in hollow, glass microspheres, 5 to 150 ..mu..m. This report presents the results of an experimental study to evaluate the performance of commercially available microspheres for this application. Eight grades were evaluated and their characteristics are presented. A substantial fraction of the microsphere beds survived the conditions of storing hydrogen at pressures of 400 atm. establishing that the concept of high pressure hydrogen storage is feasible. Information was gathered on the properties of the survivor microspheres. Processes for their selective recovery are being investigated.