Direct experimental measurements of the inelastic cross sections of neutrons on a variety of nuclei have been made at Fermi lab over the energy range from 50 to 350 GeV. These data may be used, together with nucleon-nucleon total cross sections measured through the same energy range, to justify and verify the interpretation of cosmic ray data on interaction mean free paths in air or iron in terms of nucleon-nucleon total cross sections at much higher energies.

Several experimental routes can be used to develop a better understanding of the polymeric constitution (polyanionic and/or polyhedral distribution) of borate, germanate, and silicate glasses. Spectral, chemical, physical-chemical, and mechanical property information can be determined directly for the glass compositions of interest. Generally, only physical-chemical information is readily accessible for the corresponding high temperature liquids. It will be shown that information on each state of matter has its own particular merits. Most of the evidence thus far published suggests an excellent agreement between polyhedral distributions in an oxide glass and its corresponding high temperature liquid state. There is no well known oxide glass forming system for which such a state of affairs does not exist. In spite of this, occasional efforts are put forth which ignore some of what is known for oxide liquids, glasses, and crystals. Such attempts therefore invariably imply, if only indirectly, that significant changes occur in the polyhedral distributions close to the glass transition temperature region. Specific examples to be discussed will include efforts that avoid well known coordination change equilibria such as BO/sub 3/ reversible BO/sub 4/ and GeO/sub 4/ reversible GeO/sub 6/.

Lithium requirements for battery and controlled thermonuclear fusion reactor uses in the next few decades may exceed the current availability of the mineral and brine reserves. It is thus prudent to search for new reserves and resources to satisfy these and other lithium applications in the future. It has been reported that the lithium content of Smackover oilfield waters ranges in order of 100--500 mg/l, and thus could represent a substantial reserve. A method is proposed to extract lithium from this source. Experimental evidence in the literature indicates that a specific chelating agent of the diketone type, dipivaloylmethane, has a specific selectivity toward lithium in the presence of other metal ions in aqueous solutions. Based in part on this unique property of dipivaloylmethane, a conceptual design of a full size plant is performed to extract lithium from the Smackover brine. The study includes alternate flow sheet development, design information on the major units of the process, energy requirement and an economic analysis of a 10/sup 6/ kg Li/yr production facility. The economics of three different process concepts depends on the amount of water evaporated from the initial oilfield feed waters to concentrate the brine. Results as a function of production …

As part of the National Waste Terminal Storage Program in the United States, the Waste Isolation Safety Assessment Program (WISAP) is underway to develop and demonstrate the methods and obtain the data necessary to assess the safety of geologic isolation repositories and to communicate the assessment results to the public. This paper reviews past analysis efforts, discusses the WISAP technical approach to the problem, and points out areas where work is needed. The computer code GETOUT II, which models the nuclide transport in geologic media, is described. (DLC)

Statistical design and analysis activities for the Nevada Applied Ecology Group (NAEG) during 1976 are briefly outlined. This is followed by a description of soil data collected thus far at nuclear study sites. Radionuclide concentrations in surface soil collected along a transect from ground zero (GZ) along the main fallout pattern are given for Nuclear Site (NS) 201. Concentrations in soil collected at 315 locations on a grid system at 200 foot spacings are also given for this site. The /sup 241/Am to /sup 137/Cs ratios change over NS 201 depending on location relative to GZ. They range from less than one where /sup 241/Am is at low levels, to more than fifty where /sup 241/Am levels are high (near GZ). The estimated median /sup 239/ /sup 240/Pu to /sup 241/Am ratio is 11 and appears to be relatively constant over the area (the 95 percent lower and upper limits on the true median ratio are about 8 and 14).

The question of siting wind energy conversion systems (WECS) represents a balance between the economic, technical and social values of the user and the local citizens. The technical issues are discussed. Before addressing the technical siting issues, as well as the social and economic ones, a determination of the potential user, the application of the WECS, and the geographical location of the installation must be made. Once these three determinations have been made, the meteorological and topographical characteristics of specific candidate sites must be assessed. Some of the topographical issues discussed are the effects of siting WECS near bodies of water, near or in trees and forests, around structures and buildings, and in hilly terrain; and some of the meteorological features considered are the effects of local wind circulations, velocity profiles, local turbulence, and hazardous weather elements.

The conference attendance, publicity and press coverage, brochure mailing, presentations, displays, exhibitors, management seminar checklist, and seminar evaluation by attendees are presented. Also included are the proposal for funding of the conference, the list of attendees, keynote speeches, agenda, and feedback questionnaire. (MHR)

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Computations have been made of the parameters of a neutral-beam driven, field-reversed mirror reactor as a function of beam injection energy. Q values of 4 to 5 and a fusion power of 10 to 50 MW per cell are found at beam energies of 200 to 500 keV. Cost estimates indicate a direct capital cost of less than $1000/kW/sub e/ for multicell versions of the reactor.

The neutron spectra produced by bombarding a thick beryllium target with 30-MeV deuterons at the University of California, Davis, cyclotron was measured. These spectra are of interest in studying the effect of neutrons on materials to be used in future fusion reactors. The spectra were inferred from the activation of two sets of detector foils placed at an angle THETA = 0/sup 0/ to the deuteron beam, one immediately behind the beryllium target block, and one 40 mm to the rear. The SAND-II program was used to analyze the foil activation data to obtain the fluence in each of one hundred energy groups. The neutron spectrum (fluence/MeV) close to the target decreases continuously with energy in the range 2 to 30 MeV, while the spectrum 40 mm back has a minimum at about 8 MeV and a peak at about 14 MeV. The contribution from neutrons of energies less than 10 MeV is much greater than that found in previous spectral measurements made at large distances from the target. This difference is attributed to the neutrons which are emitted at large angles from the deuteron beam. These observations show the importance of evaluating the neutron spectrum near the target if …

Some recently discovered regularities in the spectra of heavy elements which are also applicable to the analysis of the spectra of lighter atoms are described. It is pointed out that stepwise resonant multiphoton methods are irreplaceable tools in the study of high lying states in a complex atomic system. Systematic applications of these methods has permitted regularities to be observed which also hold for the lighter elements. It is noted that greatly increased understanding of the excited state structure of heavy atoms is not possible. 8 references. (JFP)

The competition at low temperatures between the electron-electron and electron-phonon mechanisms is explored in relation to the quasiparticle scattering rates, and the electrical and thermal resistivities of the simple and noble metals. Existing evidence is evaluated and new sources are suggested. Simple models are used in order to yield analytical expressions for the low temperature limit, which exhibit general trends: Cross-over temperatures above which the electron-phonon mechanism is expected to dominate are largest for the electrical resistivity, and smallest for the thermal resistivity. It is suggested that quasiparticle lifetimes should exhibit electron-electron scattering, although this effect has not as yet been seen.

Construction of the Shiva laser system is nearing completion. This laser will be operating in fall 1977 and will produce over 20 terawatts of focusable power in a subnanosecond pulse. Fusion experiments will begin early in 1978. It is anticipated that thermonuclear energy release equal to one percent that of the incident light energy will be achieved with sub-millimeter deuterium-tritium targets. From other experiments densities in excess of a thousand times that of liquid are also expected.

The suggestion of S. van der Meer for stochastic cooling or feedback damping of a circulating charged particle beam offers promise of increasing the luminosity of a storage ring and may be a particularly attractive technique if antiprotons are to be employed as one of the beams in such a device. The original report of van der Meer considered the repeated use of a kicker to suppress the transverse phase-space displacement of the centroid of a group of particles detected at a pick-up station situated up-stream, and the report estimated the expected rate of damping of the mean-square oscillation amplitude. This analysis is extended so as to provide information on the manner in which the character of the amplitude distribution function may be affected by the damping procedure mentioned above. It is believed that information concerning the evolution of the form of the distribution function may be of particular interest in cases in which a ''halo'' is imposed on the distribution by injection of a group of particles to supplement those in a beam that has already been subjected to appreciable feedback damping. Results of the analytic work is illustrated, and compared with the results of simulation computations.

Previously reported Monte Carlo code calculations of the electron energy distributions and the consequent reflex triode characteristics will be presented for two different anode designs. In addition, a generalized formulation of Poisson's equation will be used to examine the virtual cathode side of a reflex diode. The familiar ''resonance'' solution for the reflex triode is again found, but with a different physical interpretation. In the former case the current diverges, but in the virtual cathode space the linear dimension diverges as one approaches the ''resonance.''

The study of Rydberg spectra and ionization thresholds of ten lanthanides using several variations of time-resolved resonant multistep techniques is reported. The ionization limits for the lanthanides determined in this way show a systematic dependence on atomic number. A physical model explaining these results is presented. 16 references. (JFP)

The treatment of nucleon-antinucleon systems physics includes the relation between NN and anti NN forces, evidence for narrow anti NN resonances and bound states near threshold and their interpretation as quasimolecular anti NN states, constraints on NN potentials from anti NN scattering, and the important experiments. (JFP)

A brief summary of the main points of a detailed study of diffractive production of resonance systems undertaken recently is presented. The A1 system is emphasized, but it is noted that the remarks can be readily generalized to other diffractive reactions such as ..pi..p ..-->.. A/sub 3/ p, pp ..-->.. ''N*(1400)''p, and Kp ..-->.. ''Q''p. The spins, parities, amplitude phase, and phase shift are among the properties considered. 4 references. (JFP)

Investigation and assessment of the potential degrading and destructive effects associated with the nuclear electromagnetic (EMP) phenomena has created a large technological base. This base is indeed quite broad owing to the unique and system-pervasive character of the EMP. One of the aims of an emerging discipline, such as that associated with EMP, is to provide for adequate transfer and integration of the developing technology into the overall engineering community. The needs of the community and how EMP hardening and protection information can be transferred or exchanged are reviewed. Many of the current and generally available sources of information are listed, examples of interchange methods are provided, and problems of developing specifications, standards, and suitable guidelines for design and incorporation of protection are also discussed.

At both Hanford and Idaho, DHDECMP (dihexyl-N, N-diethylcarbamylmethylene phosphonate) continuous counter-current solvent extraction processes are being developed for removal of americium, plutonium, and, in some cases, other actinides from acidic wastes generated at these locations. Bench and, eventually, pilot and plant-scale testing and application of these processes have been substantially enhanced by the discovery of suitable chemical and physical methods of removing deleterious impurities from technical-grade DHDECMP. Flowsheet details, as well as various properties of purified DHDECMP extractants, are enumerated.

A study of methodology used to control geothermal scaling and corrosion is presented. The information used for this study was screened from the geothermal, oil and gas, wastewater disposal, and boiler water treatment industries. This information was evaluated and the current state of knowledge and methodology concerning the treatment of geothermal brines to control scaling and corrosion in geothermal electric power production was assessed. Currently, geothermal scale in pipes and wells is removed by physical or chemical methods. There is a growing effort to develop methods for controlling scale formation for both fresh and spent brines, including pH adjustment and application of an electrical potential for fresh fluids, and coagulation to treat spent fluids. Current methods of corrosion control center around planned replacement of piping and other plant components, with efforts focused primarily on development of materials with improved corrosion resistance. Recommendations for additional work include the following: (1) chemical and physical characterization of brine and scale compositions; (2) basic data on the mechanism of scale formation and the effects of inhibitors; (3) development of instrumentation to monitor geothermal brine constituents; (4) correlation of laboratory results with field test data, and (5) screening of currently available commercial inhibitors for application …

A brief review of the analytical techniques which are currently used to obtain range and energy deposition distributions associated with the implantation of energetic ions into solid targets.

The role of the Pauli principle in pion-nucleus scattering is studied using many-body theory with propagators. The objective is to calculate the pion self energy in the nucleus from an effective ..pi..N amplitude which is density dependent. It is concluded that the Pauli effect on the optical potential is small (5% level), that first order hole line expansion for the effective amplitude is inappropriate, and that particle and hole propagation must be treated symmetrically. 2 references. (JFP)

The parametric design study of the tandem mirror reactor (TMR) is described. The results of this study illustrate the variation of reactor characteristics with changes in the independent design parameters, reveal the set of design parameters which minimizes the cost of the reactor, and show the sensitivity of the optimized design to physics and technological uncertainties. The total direct capital cost of an optimized 1000 MWe TMR is estimated to be $1300/kWe. The direct capital cost of a 2000 MWe plant is less than $1000/kWe.