During the fourth quarterly reporting period project change-in-scope was approved extending the study area to include Brooks, the remainder of Kenedy and Live Oak Counties. An interim progress report covering that reporting period is presented. Effort during the quarter was directed toward (1) locating drillstem and production test results from geopressured formations, (2) determining formation parameters in an additional large number of producing wells, and (3) searching production records for assessment of geopressured production in Brooks and Kenedy Counties. Several unsuccessful completion tests of geopressured water sands (attempted as gas completions) have been located and these give insight into the problems of completing high-volume water wells in that zone. A successful fracture treatment in a geopressured gas well indicates a producibility increase equivalent to a two-fold improvement in permeability. Permeability calculations for a large number of geopressured and normally pressured gas wells throughout the study area have been completed. In no case has a producing Rio Grande Valley gas well deeper than 10,000 ft. been identified with effective permeability as great as 10 md. Preliminary investigation of Brooks County production has located geopressured production in seven gas fields and in North Kenedy County, an additional three.

Overview of the battery program at Argonne National Laboratory being developed for use as energy storage devices for load-leveling on electric utilities and as power sources for electric automobiles.

The regional climate around the Nevada Test Site (NTS) is described. Emphasis is placed on the wind direction and speed and the atmospheric stability in Area 410. Included are estimates of the fastest winds expected in tornadoes and severe thunderstorms. Three accident scenarios in Area 410 are covered: dispersal of 1 kg of /sup 239/Pu from explosion of 68 kg (150 pounds) of high explosives; release of gross fission products from a 10/sup 19/ fission accident resulting from inadvertent formation of a critical mass; and accidental detonation of a 100-ton fission primary. An Instantaneous Point Source (IPS) code was developed and is explained. The IPS code estimates concentrations in the surface air of radioactive particles that have negligible settling rates (have a radius less than 5 ..mu..m). For each accident, this code calculated and plotted contour maps that show the estimated exposures of the area to radioactive particles from the explosion.

Hamiltonian methods are used to study the motion of a particle in the field BZ and a single electrostatic wave. The particle motion is studied by numerically integrating the equations of motion. Diagrams of various particle trajectories are given. (MOW)

Experimental research on emergency direct in-vessel air cleaning systems for the LMFBR is described. Results which characterize the aerosol from 1 lb sodium pool fires made in a 90 m/sup 3/ chamber are presented. The effective use of turbulent agglomeration to enhance aerosol sedimentation is described. The composition of the aerosol as determined by atomic absorption and chemical tests is discussed. Results from small scale sodium aerosol scavenging tests are presented, anticipating large-scale powder dispersal tests to be conducted in the chamber. Plans for testing the sonic agglomeration characteristics of sodium aerosols are discussed.

The effect of impurities on low frequency drift modes of a toroidally-confined plasma is investigated by the gyro-kinetic equation. It is assumed that electrons are in the banana regime and ions in the plateau regime. Impurity collision damping is found to be significant in the usual trapped electron mode. A new instability due to the impurities can occur for normal profiles and impurities peaked at the center. Quasi-linear considerations show that impurities will be driven outward if such an instability occurs.

Perhaps the most important design consideration is the heat generated by the spent fuel assemblies or the high-level waste being placed in the repository. The sensitivity of repository design to this heat is reflected by the definition of temperature and thermochemical criteria. To assure environmental and occupational safety, limits may be placed on such parameters as spent fuel or waste temperature, canister temperature, rock temperature, strength-to-stress ratio of the excavated openings, surface uplift or subsidence, temperature increase in an aquifer, and temperature increase at or near the surface of the earth. Appropriate criteria are chosen to accomplish ready retrievability, to retard canister corrosion, to suppress the rate of nuclide leaching, to control the buoyant forces that drive potential nuclide migration, to assure mine safety, to assure formation stability, and to control the thermal and thermomechanical impact on the environment. Other major concerns in the location and design of a waste repository are the presence and effect of groundwater within the repository host rock and the surrounding strata. Additional groundwater considerations include its effect on canister integrity, its potential as a source of hydrogen, and its effect on the repository operational environment. Two types of retrieval are considered: operational verification and …

An algorithm is given for computing the eigenvalues and (optionally) the eigenvectors of either a skew-symmetric matrix or a symmetric tridiagonal matrix with constant diagonal. The algorithm uses only orthogonal similarity transformations, and is believed to be the most efficient algorithm available for computing all the eigenvalues or the complete eigensystem. 2 tables.

Results of a series of tests to establish electrical parameters for Sandia/Bendix Standard Process printed wiring boards are described. Test results are displayed graphically and tabulated for use by sub-system designers. The results include voltage holdoff, current carrying capacity and insulation resistance for double sided bare, coated and encapsulated boards. The boards were fabricated by a panel plating process and contain variable conductor widths and separations. Breakdown voltage in room environment did not occur below 1 kV for any spacing on a board. Average breakdown voltage in kV followed the relationship, V = 3.1 S/sup 0/./sup 51/, where separation S ranged from 0.25 to 1.5 mm. Parylene or urethane coated, urethane foamed, and glass microballoon filled epoxy encapsulated boards had higher breakdown voltages than bare boards. At low pressure, 660 Pa (5 torr), breakdowns which ranged from 0.4 to 25 kV were not a function of conductor separation. Low pressure breakdown voltage was generally higher for coated or encapsulated boards although the difference was not nearly as great as for room conditions. Current carrying capability of conductors was evaluated from the temperature rise generated with step increases in current. Variations in temperature rise between conductors with the same nominal or …

An elementary description is given of the basic vocabulary and concepts associated with finite difference modeling. The material discussed is biased toward the types of large computer programs used at the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory. Particular attention is focused on truncation error and how it can be affected by zoning patterns. The principle of convergence is discussed, and convergence as a tool for improving calculational accuracy and efficiency is emphasized.

The chief objective of LLL's biomedical and environmental research program is to enlarge mankind's understanding of the implications of energy-related chemical and radioactive effluents in the biosphere. The effluents are studied at their sources, during transport through the environment, and at impact on critical resources, important ecosystems, and man himself. We are pursuing several projects to acquire such knowledge in time to guide the development of energy technologies toward safe, reasonable, and optimal choices.

The energy conservation program undertaken by ARHCO to reduce energy consumption in the operation of the fuels reprocessing and waste management facilities on the Hanford reservation is described. This program includes fuel conservation for transportation equipment at the facilities, minimizing power requirements for lighting and air conditioning buildings, and reducing the energy demands of the processes used. (LCL)

The manual has been prepared to provide technical information for contractors of the Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA) on the application of respiratory protective devices for protection against airborne contaminants, both radioactive and nonradioactive. The various elements of a respirator program including selection and maintenance of equipment and training of personnel are described to assist in establishing adequate programs.

One of the major problems encountered in the development of Tokamak type fusion reactors is the presence of impurities in the plasma. The PDX device is designed to study the operation of poloidal magnetic field divertors and consequent magnetic limiters for controlling and reducing the amount of impurities. A system of coils placed at specific locations produces a required field configuration for the poloidal divertor. This paper describes the system of energy supplies required and the interrelations of field coil currents during plasma current initiation, growth and steady state.

The building construction industry, as broken down by the Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce, was integrated into the Energy Input/Output Model developed at the Center for Advanced Computation, University of Illinois. The resulting expanded model was used to determine energy intensities of various (49) building construction (new and maintenance) sectors and of the overall building construction industry, for year 1967. The latter figure was computed at about 70,000 Btu/$, i.e., the construction industry on the average required about 70,000 Btu of direct and indirect energy per dollar of output produced. The most energy intensive sector was New Construction of Petroleum Pipelines (about 150,000 Btu/$), while the least intensive was Maintenance Construction for Electric Utilities (about 25,000 Btu/$). Also developed were total energy (direct and indirect) requirements to final demand for the building construction industry, for 1967. The overall industry required about 6000 trillion Btu, or about nine percent of the total U.S. energy requirement. New Highway Construction required the most energy to final demand (about 1000 trillion Btu, or 16 percent of the total construction industry requirement), while Maintenance Construction Residential required the least (about 9 trillion Btu, or 0.1 percent of the total industry requirement.

Methods used to control the radiological impact of the nuclear fuel cycle are described. This control is exercised through the application of a series of federal laws and regulations that are used as the basis for licensing nuclear facilities. The control is exercised more directly by the use of radwaste treatment equipment at the nuclear facilities to limit the release of radioactive materials. Federal laws and regulations are summarized and their applications in licensing actions are discussed. Radiological doses from materials released from licensed facilities are compared with doses from natural background. A series of cost/benefit engineering surveys are being made to determine the cost and effectiveness of radwaste systems for decreasing the release of radioactive materials from model fuel cycle facilities and to determine the benefits in terms of reduction in dose commitment to individuals and populations in surrounding areas.

Volume I deals with sources (what the emissions are and where they come from), trends (quantities of emissions and their dispersion with time), and costs of control (what it takes in time, energy, and money to meet minimum standards). Volume II concerns itself with the public health effects of energy production and utilization. Volume III summarizes the various techniques for controlling emissions, technological as well as economic, social, and political. (For abstracts of Vols. II and III, see ERDA Energy Research Abstracts, Vol. 2, Absts. 5764 and 5670, respectively) Each volume is divided into sections dealing with the atmosphere, water, land, and social activities--each division indicating a particular sphere of man's environment affected by energy production and use. The sources of information that were used in this study included textbooks, journal articles, technical reports, memoranda, letters, and personal communications. These are cited in the text at the end of each subsection and on the applicable tables and figures.

The report is a synoptic review of data collected over the past twenty years on the chemistry of Lake Michigan. Changes in water quality and sediment chemistry, attributable to cultural and natural influences, are considered in relation to interacting processes and factors controlling the distribution and concentration of chemical substances within the Lake. Temperature, light, and mixing processes are among the important natural influences that affect nutrient cycling, dispersal of pollutants, and fate of materials entering the Lake. Characterization of inshore-offshore and longitudinal differences in chemical concentrations and sediment chemistry for the main body of the Lake is supplemented by discussion of specific areas such as Green Bay and Grand Traverse Bay. Residues, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, major and trace nutrients, and contaminants are described in the following context: biological essentiality and/or toxicity, sources to the Lake, concentrations in the water column and sediments, chemical forms, seasonal variations and variation with depth. A summary of existing water quality standards, statutes, and criteria applicable to Lake Michigan is appended.

We subjected the Meteorological Data Acquisition (MEDA) remote station hardware to temperature, vibration, and road tests. The MEDA equipment was designed at the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory (LLL) for the Air Resources Laboratory (ARL). ARL supplied all MEDA sensors. The prototype system passed these tests.

An extensive description of the detonation behavior for the unique and useful high explosive hexanitrostilbene (HNS) is presented. To accomplish this the necessary experimental results measured by detonation of the pure material at charge densities of 1.00, 1.20, 1.40, 1.60, and 1.65 (g/cm/sup 3/ = Mg/m/sup 3/) were compiled and evaluated. Estimates of the equation of state of the detonation products were made for each charge density. To confirm these estimates two-dimensional hydrodynamic (HEMP code) calculations to simulate the cylinder test experiments for two charge densities of 1.2 and 1.6 Mg/m/sup 3/ were carried out. Detailed comparisons of the calculational and experimental results were made for these two tests. Interpolation and extrapolation of the equation of state parameters provided final estimates for the other charge densities. The results are summarized in five sets of Chapman-Jouguet parameters and JWL equation of state coefficients.

A program has been developed for computing the ESR spectrum of a collection of randomly oriented spins subject only to an electronic Zeeman interaction and having a Lorentzian single crystal line shape. Other single crystal line shapes, including numerical solutions of the Bloch equations, can be accommodated with minor modifications. The program differs in several features from those existing elsewhere, thus enabling one to study saturation effects, over-modulation effects, both absorptive and dispersive signals, and second and higher order derivative signals.

A program conducted to estimate the physical properties of the thermonuclear fusion fuel, D-T (actually the mixture deuterium-deuterium tritide-tritium) is described. The literature is reviewed on the heat capacity and thermal conductivity of solid hydrogen, hydrogen deuteride, and deuterium. Discussions are included on heat capacity and its attendant enthalpy deals with the crystal lattice, rotational, and quadrupolar mechanisms. For thermal conductivity, phonon scattering at crystallite boundaries and self-collisions (Umklapp processes) that reduce the phonon mean free path are described. The effects of rotational energy in either reducing crystallite size or causing phonon scattering from quadrupolar sublevels are discussed. Thermal diffusivity is derived from these properties plus density. An estimate of all the properties for the solid D-T mixture is included. Thermal conductivity and diffusivity prove especially interesting because they may vary as much as five orders of magnitude as a function of temperature, rotational energy, and radiation damage.

Capture and fission cross sections for /sup 235/U in the ''unresolved resonance'' energy region were evaluated to permit determination of local-average resonance parameters for the ENDF/B-IV cross section file. Microscopic data were examined for infinitely dilute average fission and capture cross sections and also for intermediate structure unlikely to be reproduced by statistical fluctuations of resonance widths and spacings within known laws. Evaluated cross sections, averaged over lethargy intervals greater than 0.1, were obtained as an average over selected data sets after appropriate renormalization. Estimated uncertainties are given for these evaluated average cross sections. The ''intermediate'' structure fluctuations common to a few independent data sets were approximated by straight lines joining successive cross sections at 120 selected energy points; the cross sections at the vertices were adjusted to reproduce the evaluated average cross sections over the broad energy regions. Data sources and methods are reviewed, output values are tabulated, and some modified procedures are suggested for future evaluations. Evaluated fission and capture integrals for the resolved resonance region are also tabulated. These are not in agreement with integrals based on the resonance parameters of ENDF/B versions III and IV. 8 tables, 5 figures.

Three plutonium metals whose impurity contents have been accurately determined are used to evaluate spectrographic standards. Best results are obtained when (1) highly impure samples are diluted, (2) the internal standard, cobalt, is used, (3) a linear curve is fitted to the standard data that bracket the impurity concentration, and (4) plutonium standards containing 22 impurities are used.