The use of ultrasonic methods in nondestructive testing depends on the interpretation of the scattering of sound waves by flaws. The theory of elastic waves and their scattering in non-uniform media is developed in detail from first principles, and in generality. Both integral equation and differential methods are discussed, with emphasis on the former. General methods for defining scattering cross sections are presented, and conservation theorems are noted. The Born Approximation to the integral equation is presented, and computed results for several experimental situations are discussed. Several corrections to papers in the literature are made, and in particular the exact scattering of a transverse wave by a spherical flaw is compared with the Rayleigh (long wave) limit.

This report describes the results of a study conducted by a "Pool Study Group" organized at ANL in mid-1975 to examine the present state of the air of design of pool-type LMFBRs. The study concentrated on examination of various design options used to date in the principle pool-type projects and design studies in this country and abroad, including the Phenix and Super-Phenix reactors (France), PFR and CFR (U.K.), RN-600 (U.S.S.R.) and EBR-II (U.S.A.). The objective of the report is to provide a step toward better understanding of the pool-type system and of the advantages and disadvantages of the various possible approaches to its design.

The heat-transfer performance of an evacuated glass-jacketed CPC-receiver facility, free on one end and fixed onto the glass jacket at the other, was carried out using heat-transfer relationships and the best information available in the literature. Specifically, the collector examined was a 3x-CPC facility, 8 ft long, with an entrance aperture 4.5 in. wide covered with a single glass cover, and provided with an aluminum reflecting surface (rho = 0.88). To maximize heat retention, a selectively treated receiver surface, epsilon = 0.11, was used. The optical efficiency of this CPC collector facility was calculated to be eta₀ = 0.536.

A description and interpretation of the atomic spectrum of neptunium are given. Wavelengths were measured for 6096 spectrum lines in the range 3793 to 38,812 cm⁻¹ (26,353 to 2575 A), of which 2526 were classified as transitions between 329 odd levels and 130 even levels of neutral neptunium (Np I). The data are presented in five tables.

Quarterly report describing the research and management effort of Argonne National Laboratory's program on lithium/metal sulfide batteries during the period January-March 1976. These batteries are being developed for energy storage on utility networks and for electric-vehicle propulsion. The present cells are vertically oriented, piismatic cells with a central positive electrode of FeS or FeS; and two facing negative electrodes of lithium-aluminum alloy, and an electrolyte of molten LiCl-KC1. The cell operating temperature is 400-450C.

The application of the frequency-modified life equation to fatigue life prediction has been critically examined using the extensive fatigue data generated for Type 304 stainless steel at 1100 degrees F under a variety of cyclic-loading conditions. The parameters that enter into the frequency-modified life equation vary with strain rate and show a transition coinciding with the frequency of cycling at which a change in the fracture appearance from predominantly transgranular to predominantly intergranular failure mode or vice versa occurs. The accuracy in life prediction is improved when the effect of strain rate on life-predictive parameters is considered. It is shown how the effect of compressive and symmetric hold time on fatigue life can be taken into account. A comparison between the frequency-modified life approach of Coffin and the damage-rate approach recently developed by Majumdar and Maiya is also made to show the importance of wave-shape on low-cycle fatigue life.

Radioactive krypton-85 is used as a tracer to detect pinhole failures in GCFR cladding. High-purity helium (99.99% pure) that contains 0.3 ppm krypton-85 is used to pressurize the tubular test specimens, and a Geiger-Mueller counter is used to detect the krypton-85 in the helium environmental gas as it leaves the test chamber. Under the least favorable conditions of temperature and specimen pressure, it is estimated that the smallest pinhole failure that could be detected within 60 sec would have an orifice diameter of 0.0102 cm. Using lead shielding around the Geiger-Muller counter to reduce background radiation, the electronics associated with the krypton-85 detector will terminate a biaxial creep test at krypton-85 activity levels above 20 counts/minute.

Overview of the battery program at Argonne National Laboratory being developed for use as energy storage devices for load-leveling on electric utilities and as power sources for electric automobiles.

A baseline projection of energy consumption is needed to estimate the potential energy savings from proposed transport technology and operational improvements. The Reference Energy System projection by Brookhaven National Laboratories and that which Stanford Research Institute produced for Gulf Oil are reviewed here. Attention is focused on the growth rate assumptions of the forecasts and the allowances made for the sensitivity of transport demand and technological efficiency to fuel price changes. The alternative trajectories of energy use are examined for automobile, bus and intercity air and rail passenger travel, and also for freight movement. Little, if any, justification can be found for many of the assumptions used to estimate transport demand and energy intensiveness. The assumptions underlying the Brookhaven National Laboratories projections are more explicit on changes in energy efficiency and energy price and shifts in transport patterns. However, the relationship of automobile travel, the largest component, to energy price is not specified clearly. The Stanford projection is based on seemingly arbitrary assumptions about changes in travel patterns and energy efficiency with no reference to the market process which must bring them about. It is concluded that the Brookhaven projection is a reasonable interim benchmark. Its structure should improve by …

A listing is given of 578 reports, books, articles, and conference papers on transportation and energy. Coverage is primarily on U. S. developments and research from 1970 to 1975. Following a section of citations of general works on energy, the bibliography contains two main parts: ''Energy for Transportation'' and ''Transportation of Energy.'' Within each of these topics the arrangement is multimodal (at the urban, regional, national, or international level), then by mode. Selected information sources are listed in the last part. Within each section, entries are arranged alphabetically by author or, lacking an author, by title. References were drawn from the Transportation Center Library collection and other libraries in the Northwestern University system. An earlier bibliography, Transportation and Energy, compiled by the Transportation Center Library in March 1974, forms the basis for the arrangement and provides coverage from 1970 to 1973.

A high temperature amplifier for use in geothermal well logging was developed. This development was based on the use of ceramic vacuum tubes as the active circuit element, since these tubes have the capability to operate in the high ambient temperature environment. The primary goal of this program was to design, build, and deliver a prototype amplifier capable of continuous operation in a 250/sup 0/C environment. A development program designed to meet this goal covered four phases. These phases were (1) development of the basic circuit configuration with conventional, low cost glass envelope vacuum tubes; (2) modification of the circuitry to accommodate the ceramic vacuum tubes; (3) a 1000-hour duration temperature cycle (48 hours at 260/sup 0/C and 2 hours at 20/sup 0/C); and (4) development of a prototype, deliverable amplifier. The following sections discuss the high temperature amplifier development program. Section 2 describes the amplifier performance, including design requirements, circuit design, development program, and the prototype amplifier. Section 3 presents test results from two breadboard models, one with conventional glass tubes and one with ceramic tubes, and the prototype amplifier. Section 4 describes the operation of the prototype amplifier. Circuit equations used for analysis and tube characteristics are contained …

The authors report here on latest results from an investigation of the form of the neutral current coupling in the inclusive channels {nu}{sub {mu}} + N {yields} {nu}{sub {mu}} + hadrons and {bar {nu}}{sub {mu}} + N {yields} {bar {nu}}{sub {mu}} + hadrons. The experiment was conducted by the Caltech-Fermilab group in October 1974. The data were taken in the Fermilab narrow band beam set to a mean secondary hadron energy of {+-} 170 GeV. The distributions of total energy, observed in the target calorimeter, for charged current events in which the muon momentum was measured, shown in figure 1, reflect the dichromatic structure of the beam, with average energies for neutrinos from pion and kaon decay of 50 and 150 GeV, respectively. The two main sources of background present in the data sample come from cosmic ray interactions. and from neutrinos (and anti-neutrinos) which are produced by decays before momentum and sign selection has occurred (wide-band background). Both backgrounds are measured and empirically subtracted from the data. The first (cosmic rays) is measured in an off-beam gate. The second (wide-band) is measured by closing a slit at the entrance to the decay pipe. Thus, the data sample contains beam …

An extensive literature search was made to locate technical publications and computer programs relating to wellbore temperatures during drilling operations. Publications obtained are listed in the References. Two approaches were used in calculating borehole temperatures: The steady state solution of Holmes and Swift was programmed and 2100 cases calculated for various borehole configurations. For transient temperature studies, Exxon Production Research Co. made calculations for ten borehole configurations under subcontract. These calculations emphasize the need for better high temperature bit performance and improved engineering procedures in drilling.

An experimental program was conducted to determine the operating characteristics of full length (65 feet) single and multi-tube once-through steam generator test sections subjected to radiant heat flux levels commensurate with commercial solar tower receiver application. Absorbed heat flux levels ranging from 0.15 to 0.71 Btu/in./sup 2/-sec (0.25 to 1.16 MW/m/sup 2/) were achieved in a horizontal facility utilizing graphite radiant heater arrays. Steam exit temperatures ranged from 625 F (two-phase) to 1380 F at pressures of 1000 to 2300 psia. Wall temperature profiles and fluid pressure losses were obtained and compared with an existing computer model.

Perhaps the most important design consideration is the heat generated by the spent fuel assemblies or the high-level waste being placed in the repository. The sensitivity of repository design to this heat is reflected by the definition of temperature and thermochemical criteria. To assure environmental and occupational safety, limits may be placed on such parameters as spent fuel or waste temperature, canister temperature, rock temperature, strength-to-stress ratio of the excavated openings, surface uplift or subsidence, temperature increase in an aquifer, and temperature increase at or near the surface of the earth. Appropriate criteria are chosen to accomplish ready retrievability, to retard canister corrosion, to suppress the rate of nuclide leaching, to control the buoyant forces that drive potential nuclide migration, to assure mine safety, to assure formation stability, and to control the thermal and thermomechanical impact on the environment. Other major concerns in the location and design of a waste repository are the presence and effect of groundwater within the repository host rock and the surrounding strata. Additional groundwater considerations include its effect on canister integrity, its potential as a source of hydrogen, and its effect on the repository operational environment. Two types of retrieval are considered: operational verification and …

This report presents a physical description of a reference deep-geologic repository located in a granite host rock at a depth of about 1500 meters. Two reference repository designs are described in this report. One is designed to accept wastes from a lightwater reactor (LWR) strategy in which no reprocessing occurs, and the spent fuel itself is considered a waste form. The second is designed to accept wastes from an LWR strategy with reprocessing in which uranium and plutonium are recycled.

Progress is reported on the following: well conditions; perforating and cementing; temperature-depth plot; slotted liner, well head and auxiliary equipment; well testing and analysis program; well monitoring during standby; environmental assessment; time schedule; and budgets. (MHR)

A thermal analysis was performed to establish requirements for a heating system for the standpipe bubbler sufficient to maintain the sodium in the standpipe in a liquid condition over the range of operating conditions. There are very few formal requirements on operating limits or hardware selection. Therefore, consideration was given to standard types of equipment employed in a conventional manner. The recommended heating system consists of metal-sheathed resistance heaters with three units being mounted on standoffs and equally spaced around the pipe. The heaters would be covered by a layer of insulation having both interior and exterior coverings of reflective metal sheathing. The pipe temperature would be monitored by thermocouples, and the heaters would be turned on and off on a cycle of approximately 4 hours to maintain the pipe at a temperature of 800/sup 0/F +- 50/sup 0/F.

A weekly publication, the Texas Register serves as the journal of state agency rulemaking for Texas. Information published in the Texas Register includes proposed, adopted, withdrawn and emergency rule actions, notices of state agency review of agency rules, governor's appointments, attorney general opinions, and miscellaneous documents such as requests for proposals. After adoption, these rulemaking actions are codified into the Texas Administrative Code.

A weekly publication, the Texas Register serves as the journal of state agency rulemaking for Texas. Information published in the Texas Register includes proposed, adopted, withdrawn and emergency rule actions, notices of state agency review of agency rules, governor's appointments, attorney general opinions, and miscellaneous documents such as requests for proposals. After adoption, these rulemaking actions are codified into the Texas Administrative Code.

A weekly publication, the Texas Register serves as the journal of state agency rulemaking for Texas. Information published in the Texas Register includes proposed, adopted, withdrawn and emergency rule actions, notices of state agency review of agency rules, governor's appointments, attorney general opinions, and miscellaneous documents such as requests for proposals. After adoption, these rulemaking actions are codified into the Texas Administrative Code.

A weekly publication, the Texas Register serves as the journal of state agency rulemaking for Texas. Information published in the Texas Register includes proposed, adopted, withdrawn and emergency rule actions, notices of state agency review of agency rules, governor's appointments, attorney general opinions, and miscellaneous documents such as requests for proposals. After adoption, these rulemaking actions are codified into the Texas Administrative Code.

A weekly publication, the Texas Register serves as the journal of state agency rulemaking for Texas. Information published in the Texas Register includes proposed, adopted, withdrawn and emergency rule actions, notices of state agency review of agency rules, governor's appointments, attorney general opinions, and miscellaneous documents such as requests for proposals. After adoption, these rulemaking actions are codified into the Texas Administrative Code.

A weekly publication, the Texas Register serves as the journal of state agency rulemaking for Texas. Information published in the Texas Register includes proposed, adopted, withdrawn and emergency rule actions, notices of state agency review of agency rules, governor's appointments, attorney general opinions, and miscellaneous documents such as requests for proposals. After adoption, these rulemaking actions are codified into the Texas Administrative Code.