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Cooperative R&D: Federal Efforts to Promote Industrial Competitiveness
In response to the foreign challenge in the global marketplace, the United States Congress has explored ways to stimulate technological advancement in the private sector. The government has supported various efforts to promote cooperative research and development activities among industry, universities, and the federal R&D establishment. Among the issues before Congress are whether joint ventures contribute to industrial competitiveness and what role, if any, the government has in facilitating such agreements. Collaborative ventures are intended to accommodate the strengths and responsibilities of all sectors involved innovation and technology development. Given the increased popularity of cooperative programs, questions might be raised as to whether they are meeting expectations. These include questions about the emphasis on collaborative ventures in research rather than in technology development; cooperative manufacturing; defense vs. civilian support; and access by foreign companies.
Date:
May 30, 2006
Creator:
Schacht, Wendy H.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Cooperative R&D: Federal Efforts to Promote Industrial Competitiveness
In response to the foreign challenge in the global marketplace, the United States Congress has explored ways to stimulate technological advancement in the private sector. The government has supported various efforts to promote cooperative research and development activities among industry, universities, and the federal R&D establishment designed to increase the competitiveness of American industry and to encourage the generation of new products, processes, and services.
Date:
May 30, 2006
Creator:
Schacht, Wendy H.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Industrial Competitiveness and Technological Advancement: Debate Over Government Policy
There is ongoing interest in the pace of U.S. technological advancement due to its influence on U.S. economic growth, productivity, and international competitiveness. Because technology can contribute to economic growth and productivity increases, congressional interest has focused on how to augment private-sector technological development. Congressional action has mandated specific technology development programs and obligations in federal agencies that did not initially support such efforts. Some legislative activity, beginning in the 104th Congress, has been directed at eliminating or significantly curtailing many of these federal efforts. Questions have been raised concerning the proper role of the federal government in technology development and the competitiveness of U.S. industry. As the 109th congress continues to develop its budget priorities, how the government encourages technological process in the private sector again may be explored and/or redefined.
Date:
May 30, 2006
Creator:
Schacht, Wendy H.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Technology Transfer: Use of Federally Funded Research and Development
The government spends approximately one third of the $83 billion federal R&D budget for intramural research and development to meet mission requirements in over 700 government laboratories. Congress has established a system to facilitate the transfer of technology to the private sector and to state and local governments. Despite this, use of federal R&D results has remained restrained, although there has been a significant increase in private sector interest and activities over the past several years. At issue is whether incentives for technology transfer remain necessary, if additional legislative initiatives are needed to encourage increased technology transfer, or if the responsibility to use the available resources now rests with the private sector.
Date:
May 30, 2006
Creator:
Schacht, Wendy H.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Technology Transfer: Use of Federally Funded Research and Development
None
Date:
May 30, 2006
Creator:
Schacht, Wendy H.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
India-U.S. Relations
The end of the Cold War freed India-U.S. relations from the constraints of global bipolarity, but interactions continued for a decade to be affected by the burden of history, most notably the longstanding India-Pakistan rivalry and nuclear weapons proliferation in the region. Recent years, however, have witnessed a sea change in bilateral relations, with more positive interactions becoming the norm. India's swift offer of full support for U.S.-led counterterrorism operations after September 2001 was widely viewed as reflective of such change. The United States seeks to curtail the proliferation of nuclear weapons and ballistic missiles in South Asia. Continuing U.S. interest in South Asia focuses on ongoing tensions between India and Pakistan. U.S. concerns about human rights issues related to regional dissidence and separatism in several Indian states continue. Many U.S. business interests view India as a lucrative market and candidate for foreign investment.
Date:
May 26, 2006
Creator:
Kronstadt, K. Alan
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Intelligence Issues for Congress
This report includes information regarding intelligence issues for Congress. The intelligence community, ongoing congressional concerns, and issues in the 109th Congress are among topics discussed in this report.
Date:
May 26, 2006
Creator:
Best, Richard A., Jr.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Energy Efficiency: Budget, Oil Conservation, and Electricity Conservation Issues
This report discusses various budget issues regarding the Department of Energy's Energy Efficiency Program, which is conducted by the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE).
Date:
May 25, 2006
Creator:
Sissine, Fred
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Energy Tax Policy
This report discusses about energy tax policy. U.S energy tax policy promoted the supply of oil and gas but witnessed significant cutback, imposition of new excise taxes on oil and introduction of numerous tax preferences for energy conservation.
Date:
May 25, 2006
Creator:
Lazzari, Salvatore
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Norht Korea's Nuclear Weapons Program
North Korea's decisions to restart nuclear installations at Yongbyon that were shut down under the U.S.-South Korean Agreed Framework of 1994 and to withdraw from the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty create an acute foreign policy problem for the United States. Restarting the Yongbyon facilities opens up a possible North Korean intent to stage a "nuclear breakout" of its nuclear program and openly produce nuclear weapons. The main objective of the Bush Administration is to secure the dismantling of North Korea's plutonium and uranium-based nuclear programs. China, South Korea, and Russia have criticized the Bush Administration for not negotiating directly with North Korea, and they voice opposition to economic sanctions and to the use force against Pyongyang. China, Russia, and even South Korea increasingly have expressed support for North Korea's position in six-party talks facilitated by China, but the talks have made little progress.
Date:
May 25, 2006
Creator:
Niksch, Larry A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
North Korea's Nuclear Weapons Program
None
Date:
May 25, 2006
Creator:
Niksch, Larry A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Renewable Energy: Tax Credit, Budget, and Electricity Production Issues
This report details information such as history and analyses of renewable energy tax credit, budget, and electricity production issues.
Date:
May 25, 2006
Creator:
Sissine, Fred
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Dairy Policy Issues
This report discusses several dairy issues that have been or are being considered by the 109th Congress, some of which affect the three major federal dairy policy tools -- the Milk Income Loss Contract (MILC) program, federal milk marketing orders, and the dairy price support program.
Date:
May 24, 2006
Creator:
Chite, Ralph M.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
U.S. International Trade: Data and Forecasts
In 2005 the United States incurred a record merchandise trade deficit of $766 billion on a census basis and $782 billion on a balance-of-payments basis (BoP). A surplus in services trade of $58 billion gave a deficit of $724 billion on goods and services (BoP) for the year — up to $108 billion or 17.2% from the $618 billion deficit in 2004.
Date:
May 23, 2006
Creator:
Nanto, Dick K. & Lum, Thomas
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Gasoline Prices: New Legislation and Proposals
This report discusses legislation and proposals regarding prices of gasoline. Policy options, oil-related legislation, and crude oil prices are among topics covered in this report.
Date:
May 19, 2006
Creator:
Behrens, Carl E. & Glover, Carol
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Israel: Background and Relations with the United States
On May 14, 1948, the State of Israel declared its independence and was immediately engaged in a war with all of its neighbors. Armed conflict has marked every decade of Israel’s existence. Despite its unstable regional environment, Israel has developed a vibrant parliamentary democracy, albeit with relatively fragile governments.
Date:
May 18, 2006
Creator:
Migdalovitz, Carol
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Middle East Peace Talks
This report discusses the Middle East peace talks, including the new peace process with the most recent developments,and the war against terrorism.
Date:
May 18, 2006
Creator:
Migdalovitz, Carol
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Peacekeeping and Related Stability Operations: Issues of U.S. Military Involvement
The second session of the 109th Congress may well face decisions regarding the preparation of U.S. military forces for stability missions, a broad doctrinal term of which a major subset is peace operations. A November 28, 2005, Department of Defense (DOD) directive that designates stability operations as “core missions” of the U.S. military marks a major shift on the future necessity of performing peacekeeping and related stability operations (also known as stabilization and reconstruction operations).
Date:
May 18, 2006
Creator:
Serafino, Nina M.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
China-U.S. Trade Issues
This report details the information related to U.S trade with China and the major U.S - China trade issues.
Date:
May 16, 2006
Creator:
Morrison, Wayne M.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Central Asia: Regional Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests
This report provides an overview of U.S. policy concerns and relations with countries in central Asia. The report discusses issues such as Fostering Pro-Western Orientations, Obstacles to Peace and Independence, Democratization and Human Rights, Security and Arms Control, Trade and Investment, and provides an Aid Overview.
Date:
May 12, 2006
Creator:
Nichol, Jim
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Global Climate Change
This report briefly reviews the status of climate science, international negotiations, and congressional activity focused specifically on climate change.
Date:
May 12, 2006
Creator:
Justus, John R. & Fletcher, Susan R.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Law of the Sea Convention and U.S. Policy
This report provides background and analysis and discusses the most recent regarding the law of the sea convention.
Date:
May 12, 2006
Creator:
Browne, Marjorie Ann
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Gasoline Prices: New Legislation and Proposals
This report discusses legislation and proposals regarding prices of gasoline. Policy options, oil-related legislation, and crude oil prices are among topics covered in this report.
Date:
May 11, 2006
Creator:
Behrens, Carl E. & Glover, Carol
System:
The UNT Digital Library
United Nations Peacekeeping: Issues for Congress
A major issue facing the United Nations, the United States, and Congress concerning United Nations peacekeeping is the extent to which the United Nations has the capacity to restore or keep the peace in the changing world environment. Associated with this the issue is the expressed need for a reliable source of funding and other resources for peacekeeping and improved efficiencies of operation.
Date:
May 11, 2006
Creator:
Browne, Marjorie Ann
System:
The UNT Digital Library