This report analyzes the Trump Administration's decision to pullout from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) and its potential implications. The other powers that negotiated the accord with Iran--Russia, China, France, Britain, and Germany--have consistently asserted that the JCPOA is succeeding in its core objectives and that its implementation should not be jeopardized.

The United States and Russia signed a civilian nuclear cooperation agreement on May 6, 2008. President Bush submitted the agreement to Congress on May 13. This report discusses key policy issues related to that agreement, including future nuclear energy cooperation with Russia, U.S.-Russian bilateral relations, nonproliferation cooperation and Russia's policies toward Iran.

This report begins with a brief discussion of the Russian oil and gas industries, including their efforts to purchase energy infrastructure in central and eastern Europe and reduce energy subsidies to neighboring countries. A second section deals with the impact of recent Russian energy policy on neighboring countries, all of them formerly part of the Soviet Union, de facto or de jure, and all heavily dependent on Russian energy imports.

This report addresses Russian economic policies and performance raise important policy questions for the United States and the U.S.-Russian relationship.

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Vladimir Putin won reelection as Russian President in March 2004, in an exercise in “managed democracy” in which he took 71% of the vote and faced no serious competition. The pro-Putin Unified Russia party similarly swept the parliamentary election in December 2003 and controls more than two-thirds of the seats in the Duma. Also in March, Putin replaced long-serving Premier Kasyanov with a little-known bureaucrat, Mikhail Fradkov, indicating Putin’s intent to take the reins of government even more completely into his own hands. Putin’s twin priorities remain to revive the economy and strengthen the state. He has brought TV and radio under tight state control and virtually eliminated effective political opposition. Federal forces have suppressed large-scale military resistance in Chechnya but face the prospect of prolonged guerilla warfare and terrorist-style attacks.

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This report discusses the key role Congress played in formulating an aid program for the former Soviet Union in 1992.

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This report focuses on two divergent scenarios faced by Russia in the wake of its financial crisis of August 1998. Prime Minister Yevgenii Primakov expected either a vicious cycle of decline and possible collapse in government or an economic management scenario following outlines of an agreed action program that makes imperative fundamental changes in the Russian financial system. The success or failure of Russia in dealing with this crisis may have more effect on the pursuit of peace and prosperity by the United States than any other foreign policy crisis.

This short report provides an overview and assessment of the Russian religion law. On September 26, 1997, Russian President Boris Yeltsin signed the religion bill into law, and implementing regulations were promulgated in early 1998. The Administration and Congress have raised concerns that the law may restrict religion and have urged Russia to uphold its international commitments to religious freedom.

On Jan. 1, 1981 the Soviet Union's Eleventh Five Year Plan (1981-85) began. An analysis of the new plan provides some insights into Soviet priorities and economic prospects for the next half-decade. The following are the plan's main goals: to allocate sufficient investment funds to ensure adequate growth of output in the industry, agriculture, transportation, energy, and other sectors; to raise consumer income sufficiently to provide needed incentives and increase consumer satisfaction; to meet security needs at home and abroad; and to import technology, grain and other goods needed to meet priority domestic goals.

The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan has raised a number of serious issues and choices for the United States. The train of events seem likely to have an important influence on overall American foreign policy in the 1980s. Reassessment of Soviet motives and of U.S. roles in the world are already in progress. Emerging American attitudes, in turn, will shape more specific policy decisions on several issues, which this issue brief discusses.

This report outlines the United State's relationship with the Soviet Union throughout the 1960's.

Front: Maps show military activities throughout Europe, China, and the Philippines during the week. Inset map: Pacific action Photograph: U.S. Sixty-Ninth Division Infantrymen greet Red Army soldiers on the Elbe River bridge at Torgau. Accompanied by timeline showing dates, key cities, and mileage for both armies to meet. Back: [oblique col. map]: Japan from Siberia.

Front: Text describes action on various war fronts: Italy, Pacific, USSR, China, Southeast Asia, Western Europe. Maps: Central Italy showing current offensive areas and the battle line as of 11 May, 1944; Extent of Allied ground force operations. Includes photographs: 20,000 ft. column of smoke rising from Ploesti, Romania; Supply column heads north through Castelforte, Italy; American soldier walks through piles of rubble in the aftermath of heavy shelling; Amphibious "ducks" outside Anzio, laden with supplies for Fifth Army troops; Tanks emerge from the Assam Hills in northern India; Army nurse Lt. Jane Easton of Atlantic City, NJ and nurse Doru Chu of China tend to Corp. George Sammy of Gary, Ind. in China, Lt. La Retta Matthews of Lakeland, FL and Lt. Carolyn Taylor, Douglaston, L.I., N.Y. converse with a fabric shop owner in a Chinese city. Back: New Guinea. Map (continuation of map issued in Newsmap v. 2, no. 37).

Front: Text describes action on various war fronts: Italy, Pacific, Southeast Asia, China, Western Europe, USSR. Maps show Allied attacks from India and China into Burma; Current battle line in central Italy. Includes photographs: Nazi 170mm and American 200mm. mobile guns at Aberdeen Proving Ground, Md.; Shells belonging to the Nazi and American guns; German paratroopers during street fighting in Cassino; Self-propelled German gun mounted on a Mark III chassis advances toward Allied positions in Cassino; Road sign posted near the Allied beachhead below Rome warns Allied forces against touching "butterfly bombs". Back: Your battleship and her requirements. Illustration of a battleship with text describing man hours required to design and build, materials to build, material to operate.

Front: Text describes action on various war fronts: Air war, Eastern front, China, Burma-India, Italy, Pacific. Maps: China-Burma; Sevastopol; Insets: Crimea. Includes 8 photographs. Back: Moscow to Berlin. Map.

Front: Text describes action on various war fronts: Western Europe, USSR, Italy, Southwest Pacific, Central Pacific, Southeast Asia, China. Map: Southwest Pacific showing areas of action. Includes photographs: Various sizes of bombs; German self-propelled gun with an American tank and a Nazi armored personnel carrier in the background; Capsized liberty ship in Naples harbor; View of Sabang Harbour before being taken by Japanese; Allied planes carry out some of the heaviest bombing operations at Hollandia airfield. Back: Memorandum for the Armed Forces. Subject: Home front production. Includes photographs: Guns; Shells; Vehicles; Planes; Ships. Text includes 4 point memorandum and descriptions of photographs.

Front: Text describes action on various war fronts: Aleutians, Western Europe, Mediterranean, Russia, Southwest Pacific. Map: Shows military activity in western Europe during the week of May 10 to May 27, 1943. Inset maps: Aleutians, Present fighting area in Attu. Photographs: Images of a Grumman "Wildcat" fighter plane taken from the escort carrier, U.S.S. Altamaha. Illustration: Advance on Attu. Back: You can crack that tank! Text and illustrations show how an infantryman can defend against an enemy tank.