Some new experiments designed to accurately determine the time interval required to produce a reactive event in confined explosives subjected to temperatures which will cause decomposition are described. Geometry and boundary conditions were both well defined so that these experiments on the rapid thermal decomposition of HE are amenable to predictive modelling. Experiments have been carried out on TNT, TATB and on two plastic-bonded HMX-based high explosives, LX-04 and LX-10. When the results of these experiments are plotted as the logarithm of the time to explosion versus 1/T K (Arrhenius plot), the curves produced are remarkably linear. This is in contradiction to the results obtained by an iterative solution of the Laplace equation for a system with a first order rate heat source. Such calculations produce plots which display considerable curvature. The experiments have also shown that the time to explosion is strongly influenced by the void volume in the containment vessel. Results of the experiments with calculations based on the heat flow equations coupled with first-order models of chemical decomposition are compared. The comparisons demonstrate the need for a more realistic reaction model.

The study of Rydberg spectra and ionization thresholds of ten lanthanides using several variations of time-resolved resonant multistep techniques is reported. The ionization limits for the lanthanides determined in this way show a systematic dependence on atomic number. A physical model explaining these results is presented. 16 references. (JFP)

The conference attendance, publicity and press coverage, brochure mailing, presentations, displays, exhibitors, management seminar checklist, and seminar evaluation by attendees are presented. Also included are the proposal for funding of the conference, the list of attendees, keynote speeches, agenda, and feedback questionnaire. (MHR)

The time-dependent Hartree-Fock method is used to produce time dependent graphical representations of the density contours of the binary cluster in the reactions /sup 14/N(112 MeV) + /sup 12/C, /sup 16/O(384 MeV) + /sup 16/O, and /sup 20/Ne(164 MeV) + /sup 58/Ni. Alpha clustering and multipole shape vibrations are seen. Predictions for d sigma/d..cap omega.., d sigma/dZ/sub f/, and d/sup 2/sigma(E/sub f/)d..cap omega..dE/sub f/vertical/sub z//sub f/ are obtained in the case of /sup 14/N + /sup 12/C and found to agree well with available experimental data. It is concluded that cluster dynamics play an essential role in heavy-ion reactions.

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This report discussses such things as operating scenarios and engineering features of the upgrade. In particular, such things as the magnet system, heating, fueling, drift pumping, halo scraper, direct converter, vacuum pumping, tritium systems, vacuum vessel and support structure, shielding, electrical systems, maintenance, safety and siting, and the operation and test program are described. (MOW)

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A preliminary measurement of the properties of W and Z production along with accompanying jets has been made in {anti p}p collisions at 1.8 TeV using the CDF detector at Fermilab. Distributions of jet multiplicity, and boson E{sub T}, with and without selection on jet multiplicity, were obtained. Agreement was found with perturbative QCD predictions.

There has been significant discussion in consideration of a high resolution mass separator followed by a RFQ and a linear accelerator as the basic format for IsoSpin Laboratory. There exists another strong possibility-namely a low-resolution mass separator coupled to a cyclotron. The major objection to this approach has been that the conversion from the +1 mass separator beam to a q/m beam of 1/4 to 1/3 is thought to be highly inefficient. Since we are in the fortunate position of having the two expensive components of this system available for tests (an on-line mass separator and an ECR source), we intend to couple these devices to actually measure these efficiencies and to test ideas for improving the efficiency. We present some specifics of this approach.

The operating limits for radionuclides in sanitary and industrial wastes were determined for a proposed landfill at the Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant (PGDP), Kentucky. These limits, which may be very small but nonzero, are not mandated by law or regulation but are needed for rational operation. The approach was based on analyses of the potential contamination of groundwater at the plant boundary and the potential exposure to radioactivity of an intruder at the landfill after closure. The groundwater analysis includes (1) a source model describing the disposal of waste and the release of radionuclides from waste to the groundwater, (2) site-specific groundwater flow and contaminant transport calculations, and (3) calculations of operating limits from the dose limit and conversion factors. The intruder analysis includes pathways through ingestion of contaminated vegetables and soil, external exposure to contaminated soil, and inhalation of suspended activity from contaminated soil particles. In both analyses, a limit on annual effective dose equivalent of 4 mrem (0.04 mSv) was adopted. The intended application of the results is to refine the radiological monitoring standards employed by the PGDP Health Physics personnel to determine what constitutes radioactive wastes, with concurrence of the Commonwealth of Kentucky.

The heating and current drive (H and CD) system proposed for the TPX tokamak will consist of ion cyclotron, neutral beam, and lower hybrid systems. It will have 17.5 MW of installed H and CD power initially, and can be upgraded to 45 MW. It will be used to explore advanced confinement and fully current-driven plasma regimes with pulse lengths of up to 1,000 s.

The phase-out of chlorofluorocarbons has necessitated the introduction of alternate refrigerants. R22 (CF{sub 2}ClH), R134a (CF{sub 3}CH{sub 2}F), and R507 (50/50 CHF{sub 2}CF{sub 3}/CF{sub 3}CH{sub 3}) are newer fluids which are used in cooling systems. Recently, concern over the possible formation of toxic compounds during electrical arcing through these fluids has prompted us to identify their electrical breakdown products by electron ionization GC/MS. For example, it is known that perfluoroisobutylene (PFIB), which have an threshold limit value of 10 ppb (set by the American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists), is produced from the thermal and electrical breakdown of some refrigerants. We have used specially designed test cells, equipped with electrodes, to simulate the electrical breakdown of R22, R134a, and R507 in refrigeration systems.

Earth-impacting comets and asteroids with diameters {approx}0.03 - 10 km pose the greatest threats to the terrestrial biosphere in terms of impact frequency-weighted impact consequences, and thus are of most concern to designers of active planetary defenses. Specific gravitational binding energies of such objects range from 10{sup -7} to 10{sup -2} J/gm, and are small compared with the specific energies of 1x10{sup 3} to 3x10{sup 3} J/gm required to vaporize objects of typical composition or the specific energies required to pulverize them, which are 10{sup -1} to 10 J/gm. All of these are small compared to the specific kinetic energy of these objects in the Earth- centered frame, which is 2x10{sup 5} to 2x10{sup 6} J/gm. The prospect naturally arises of negating all such threats by deflecting, pulverizing or vaporizing the objects. Pulverization-with-dispersal is an attractive option of reasonable defensive robustness. Examples of such equipments - which employ no explosives of any type - are given. Vaporization is the maximally robust defensive option, and may be invoked to negate threat objects not observed until little time is left until Earth-strike, and pulverization-with-dispersal has proven inadequate. Physically larger threats may be vaporized with nuclear explosives. No contemporary technical means of any …

A means for use of existing processing facilities and reactors for plutonium disposition is described which requires a minimum capital investment and allows rapid implementation. The scenario includes interim storage and processing under IAEA control, and fabrication into MOX fuel in existing or planned facilities in Europe for use in operating reactors in the two home countries. Conceptual studies indicate that existing Westinghouse four-loop designs can safety dispose of 0.94 MT of plutonium per calendar year. Thus, it would be possible to consume the expected US excess stockpile of about 50 MT in two to three units of this type, and it is highly likely that a comparable amount of the FSU excess plutonium could be deposed of in a few VVER-1000`s. The only major capital project for this mode of plutonium disposition would be the weapons-grade plutonium processing which could be done in a dedicated international facility or using existing facilities in the US and FSU under IAEA control. This option offers the potential for quick implementation at a very low cost to the governments of the two countries.

We have characterized the response of the negative resist SAL605 in the extreme ultraviolet ({lambda}=13 nm). The sensitivity was found to be {approx}1 mJ/cm{sup 3} for all conditions studied. We have identified processing conditions leading to high ({gamma}{gt}4) contrast. The resist response was modeled using Prolith/2 and the development parameters were obtained from the exposure curves.

The distribution of scattered light at the image plane of an extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) system was measured, in situ. These measurements revealed a significant degradation of the modulation transfer function of the imaging optic, relative to its value in the absence of scattering.

Performance of an Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography (EUVL) imaging optic was characterized by printing resolution test images in resist. While features as small as 0.137 {mu}m were successfully printed, a resolution of 0.175 {mu}m better represents the performance of the system over the full 0.9 mm{sup 2} image field. The contrast of the aerial image was estimated to be about 40% or less for the fine features printed. This low contrast value is attributed to a degradation of the modulation transfer function due to presence of scattered light in the image.

We report progress in the aspherization of precision optical substrates via deposition of graded period Mo/Si multilayer coatings using a masking technique. These preliminary results show good agreement between the measured and desired thickness profiles over 85% of the sample, however, thickness deviations of up to 7 % are observed in the central area. The errors are attributed to misalignments of the mask relative to the substrate during deposition.

We use molecular dynamics (MD) simulation methods to investigate dusty plasma crystal structure, with the grains subject to a spherically symmetric Debye-Hueckel potential, a uni-directional external potential and an asymmetric wake potential. The structure is studied as a function of Mach number and magnitude of the wake as well as the strength of the rf input power, using parameters from a self-consistent dust-sheath model.

A Discontinuous Galerkin method is applied to hyperbolic systems that contain stiff relaxation terms. We demonstrate that when the relaxation time is unresolved, the method is accurate in the sense that it accurately represents the system's Chapman-Enskog approximation. Results are presented for the hyperbolic heat equation and coupled radiation-hydrodynamics.

The Central Solenoid (CS) designed for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) is a 13 T, 42 kA coil with a winding pack mass of 863 t, cooled by supercritical helium. To demonstrate the feasibility of the design and performance of the CS a CS Model Coil project was carried out during the ITER Engineering Design Activity in 1994- 1999. This paper describes the R&D and fabrication effort during this project with a focus on the construction of the Inner Module of the CS Model Coil by the US Home Team.

The authors report the first quantitative phase-sensitive measurement of ultrafast ionization rates in gases using Multi-phase Interferometric Frequency-Resolved Optical Gating. Ultrafast probe depletion via frequency mixing in the ionization front is observed.

The Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) is supporting the National Aeronautics and Space Administration in the development of advanced air traffic management (ATM) systems as part of the Advanced Air Transportation Technologies program. As part of this program INEEL conducted a survey of human-system safety methods that have been applied to complex technical systems, to identify lessons learned from these applications and provide recommendations for the development of advanced ATM systems. The domains that were surveyed included offshore oil and gas, commercial nuclear power, commercial aviation, and military. The survey showed that widely different approaches are used in these industries, and that the methods used range from very high-level, qualitative approaches to very detailed quantitative methods such as human reliability analysis (HRA) and probabilistic safety assessment (PSA). In addition, the industries varied widely in how effectively they incorporate human-system safety assessment in the design, development, and testing of complex technical systems. In spite of the lack of uniformity in the approaches and methods used, it was found that methods are available that can be combined and adapted to support the development of advanced air traffic management systems.

Magnetic semiconductors offer a unique possibility for strongly tuning the intrinsic alloy disorder potential with applied magnetic field. We report the direct observation of a series of step-like reductions in the magnetic alloy disorder potential in single ZnSe/Zn(Cd,Mn)Se quantum wells between O and 60 Tesla. This disorder, measured through the linewidth of low temperature photoluminescence spectra drops abruptly at -19, 36, and 53 Tesla, in concert with observed magnetization steps. Conventional models of alloy disorder (developed for nonmagnetic semiconductors) reproduce the general shape of the data, but markedly underestimate the size of the linewidth reduction.