Multiple sets of chemotaxis genes including three cheA homologs were identified in the genome sequence of the anaerobic bacterium Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough. Each CheA is a histidine kinase (HK) and part of a two component signal transduction system. Knock out mutants in the three cheA genes were created using single cross-over homologous recombination insertion. We studied the phenotypes of the cheA mutants in detail and discovered that ?cheA-3 has a non swarming/swimming phenotype both in the soft agar plates and Palleroni chamber assays. CheA-3 shows similarity to the Shewanella oneidensis CheA-3 and the Vibrio cholerae CheA-2 that are responsible for chemotaxis in the respective organisms. We did not find any morphological or structural differences between the three Delta cheA mutants and the wild type cells in electron microscopy. Our results from these studies are presented.

Front: Text describes action on various war fronts: Italy, Pacific, Southeast Asia, China, Western Europe, USSR. Maps show Allied attacks from India and China into Burma; Current battle line in central Italy. Includes photographs: Nazi 170mm and American 200mm. mobile guns at Aberdeen Proving Ground, Md.; Shells belonging to the Nazi and American guns; German paratroopers during street fighting in Cassino; Self-propelled German gun mounted on a Mark III chassis advances toward Allied positions in Cassino; Road sign posted near the Allied beachhead below Rome warns Allied forces against touching "butterfly bombs". Back: Your battleship and her requirements. Illustration of a battleship with text describing man hours required to design and build, materials to build, material to operate.