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Revenue Legislation in the Congressional Budget Process
Most of the laws establishing the federal government's revenue sources are permanent and continue year after year without any additional legislative action. Congress, however, typically enacts revenue legislation, changing some portion of the existing tax system, every year. Revenue legislation may include changes to individual and corporate income taxes, social insurance taxes, excise taxes, or tariffs and duties. Congressional consideration of revenue legislation is governed by various constitutional provisions and procedural rules.
Date:
May 18, 1998
Creator:
Heniff, Bill, Jr.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Congressional Budget Process Timetable
The Congressional Budget Act (CBA) of 1974 (P.L. 93-344), as amended, establishes the congressional budget process, which coordinates the legislative activities on the budget resolution, appropriations bills, reconciliation legislation, revenue measures, and other budgetary legislation. Section 300 of this act provides a timetable (see Table 1) so that Congress may complete its work on the budget by the start of the fiscal year on October 1.
Date:
May 18, 1998
Creator:
Heniff, Bill, Jr.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Quasi Government: Hybrid Organizations with Both Government and Private Sector Legal Characteristics
None
Date:
May 18, 2005
Creator:
Moe, Ronald C. & Kosar, Kevin R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Central Asia's New States: Political Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests
After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the United States recognized the independence of all the former Central Asian republics and established diplomatic relations with each by mid-March 1992. This report provides an overview of U.S. policy concerns after the Soviet collapse. The report presents the U.S. policy attention and aid to support conflict amelioration, humanitarian needs, economic development, transport (including energy pipelines) and communications, border controls, democracy, and the creation of civil societies in the South Caucasian and Central Asian states. The United States has some economic and business interests in Central Asia, particularly in oil and natural gas development in Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.
Date:
May 18, 2001
Creator:
Nichol, Jim
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Korea: U.S.-South Korean Issues in the 1990's
U.S. policymakers in Congress face a series of often interrelated security, economic, and political issues in relations with South Korea. U.S. policy concern on the Korean peninsula has focused over the past 3 years on the serious security implications of North Korea's nuclear program (see CRS Issue Brief 91141).
Date:
May 18, 1995
Creator:
Sutter, Robert G.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Border Security: Immigration Issues in the 108th Congress
This report provides background information on the main immigration-related border security issues that have been raised as a result of the terrorist attacks and resulting concern for homeland security. It describes enacted legislation in the 107th Congress as well as in previous Congresses that focus on immigration-related border security issues. The report also poses possible immigration-related border security issues the 108th Congress may consider.
Date:
May 18, 2004
Creator:
Seghetti, Lisa M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Vocational Education: Legislation to Reauthorize the Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Applied Technology Education Act
This report presents background on the Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Applied Technology Education Act, provides a funding history of the Act, and tracks and analyzes legislation during the 105 Congress to revise and reauthorize the Perkins Act. Specifically the report th examines H.R. 1853 as passed by the House and H.R. 1385 as passed by the Senate. Key issues include whether and how to change state and substate formulas; what percentage of funds to reserve for statewide activities and administration; and how best to ensure services for “special populations,” such as students with disabilities. The report will be updated as legislative action warrants.
Date:
May 18, 1998
Creator:
Apling, Richard N.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A Shortage of Registered Nurses: Is It on the Horizon or Already Here?
The largest, traditionally female-dominated health care occupation is registered nurses (RNs). It has been asserted that there are too few RNs available today to meet employers’ needs, that is, there is a shortage of nurses at the present time. It also has been estimated that there could well be a shortage of RNs in the not-too-distant future. This report will analyze the labor market conditions facing RNs and their employers.
Date:
May 18, 2001
Creator:
Levine, Linda
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The National Forest System Roadless Areas Initiative
None
Date:
May 18, 2001
Creator:
Baldwin, Pamela
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Retirement Plans with Individual Accounts: Federal Rules and Limits
None
Date:
May 18, 2000
Creator:
Storey, James R. & Graney, Paul J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Indonesia: May 1998 Political Crisis and Implications for U.S. Policy
This report discusses the worsening political tensions in Indonesia that emerged as a result of discontent with policies enacted by President Suharto and his government, and the effects that these tensions have on US policy. The report cites the shooting of students by riot police, as well as rioting in Jakarta in May 1998 as another factor for the political unrest and uncertainty.
Date:
May 18, 1998
Creator:
Niksch, Larry A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Taiwan: Recent Development and U.S. Policy Choices
The first weeks of the 104th Congress saw a stream of official visitors from Taiwan urging U.S. lawmakers to support Taiwan's entry into the UN, encourage the Clinton Administratioto allow President Lee to visit the United States in a private capacity, and support greater U.S. arms sales to Taiwan
Date:
May 18, 1995
Creator:
Sutter, Robert G.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Broadband Internet Access: Background and Issues
From a public policy perspective, the goals are to ensure that broadband deployment is timely, that industry competes fairly, and that service is provided to all sectors and geographical locations of American society. The federal government -- through Congress and the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) -- is seeking to ensure fair competition among the players so that broadband will be available and affordable in a timely manner to all Americans who want it. While the FCC's position is not to intervene at this time, some assert that legislation is necessary to ensure fair competition and timely broadband deployment. One proposal would ease certain legal restrictions and requirements, imposed by the Telecommunications Act of 1996, on incumbent telephone companies who provide high speed data (broadband) access. Another proposal would compel cable companies to provide "open access" to competing Internet service providers.
Date:
May 18, 2001
Creator:
Kruger, Lennard G. & Gilroy, Angele A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Social Security: Summary of Major Changes in the Cash Benefits Program
Title II of the original Social Security Act of 1935 established a national plan designed to provide economic security for the nation's workers. The system of Old-Age Insurance it created provided benefits to individuals who were age 65 or older and who had "earned" retirement benefits through work in jobs covered by the system.
Date:
May 18, 2000
Creator:
Kollmann, Geoffrey
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
India-U.S. Relations
This report briefs the context of India - U.S relations and also discusses its bilateral issues
Date:
May 18, 2005
Creator:
Kronstadt, K. Alan
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: U.S. Military Operations
None
Date:
May 18, 2005
Creator:
Bowman, Steven R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Military Base Closure: Socioeconomic Impacts
None
Date:
May 18, 2005
Creator:
Cowan, Tadlock & Webel, Baird
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Korea: U.S.-Korean Relations - Issues for Congress
None
Date:
May 18, 2005
Creator:
Niksch, Larry A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Kuwait: Post-Saddam Issues and U.S. Policy
With the conventional military threat from Saddam Hussein’s Iraq removed, Kuwait has begun breaking the longstanding political deadlock over leadership and political and economic reform. However, Kuwaiti leaders are facing a new set of concerns posed by continuing instability in Iraq. This report will be updated as developments warrant. See also CRS Report RL31533, The Persian Gulf States: Postwar Issues for U.S. Policy, 2004.
Date:
May 18, 2005
Creator:
Katzman, Kenneth
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Iran's Nuclear Program: Recent Developments
Since 2003, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) inspections of Iran’s nuclear program have revealed significant undeclared activities with potential applications for nuclear weapons, including uranium enrichment facilities and plutonium separation efforts. Also since 2003, Iran has been negotiating with Germany, France, and the UK (EU-3) for a wide range of assistance in exchange for a halt to such activities. Yet, most evidence indicates that Iran has never completely suspended its enrichment activities, raising the question of whether Iran is buying time to build nuclear weapons.
Date:
May 18, 2005
Creator:
Squassoni, Sharon
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
China: Economic Sanctions
This report discusses a list of economic sanctions that the United States currently maintains against China. The influence of Congress on U.S. policy toward China, once significant because so much hung on the annual possibility that favorable trade terms could be suspended, has more recently been diffused. Sanctions that remain in place today can all be modified, eased, or lifted altogether by the President, without congressional input.
Date:
May 18, 2005
Creator:
Rennack, Dianne E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Revenue Reconciliation Directives to the Senate Finance Committee in Congressional Budget Resolutions
During the more than 30 years that the congressional budget process has been in effect, the Senate Finance Committee has been subject to revenue reconciliation directives in a budget resolution on 18 occasions. Nine instances involved directives to reduce revenues, while the remaining nine instructed the committee to increase revenues. In all but three of the 18 instances, revenue reconciliation directives to the committee were accompanied by spending reconciliation directives.
Date:
May 18, 2005
Creator:
Keith, Robert
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Amber Alert Program Technology
This report discusses provisions in the National Intelligence Reform Act of 2004 to test Amber Alert network technology for use in expanding the Emergency Alert System (EAS). The Amber Alert network utilizes a combination of technologies, such as highway messages boards, the Internet, and text messaging, to ensure the swift recovery of abducted children.
Date:
May 18, 2005
Creator:
Moore, Linda K.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Spending Reconciliation Directives to the Senate Finance Committee in Congressional Budget Resolutions
During the more than 30 years that the congressional budget process has been in effect, the Senate Finance Committee has been subject to spending reconciliation directives in a budget resolution on 16 occasions. Fourteen instances involved directives to reduce spending, while the remaining two, for FY2002 and FY2004, instructed the committee to increase outlays (to accommodate related tax policy changes). In every instance but one, for FY1982, spending reconciliation directives to the committee were accompanied by revenue reconciliation directives.
Date:
May 18, 2005
Creator:
Keith, Robert & Heniff, Bill, Jr.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library