A panel of experts in the fields of process engineering, process chemistry, and safety analysis met together on January 26, 1993, and February 19, 1993, to discuss nuclear safety and nuclear criticality potential in the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) processes. Nuclear safety issues and possibilities of nuclear criticality incidents in the DWPF were examined in depth. The discussion started at the receipt of slurry feeds: The Low Point Pump Pit Precipitate Tank (LPPPPT) and the Low Point Pump Pit Sludge Tank (LPPPST), and went into detail the whole DWPF processes. This report provides discussion of each of the areas and processes of the DWPF in terms of potential nuclear safety issues and nuclear criticality concerns.

This research program addresses fundamental questions concerning the relations between atomic structures and compositions of homophase and heterophase interfaces. Metal/ceramic heterophase interfaces are created via the process of internal oxidation of metallic alloys. The interfaces are studied via a combination of conventional transmission electron microscopy, high resolution electron microscopy, field-ion microscopy and atom probe microscopy. The latter technique is employed to chemically sequence the interfacial region, and to show that the terminating (222) plane of MgO and CdO consists solely of oxygen atoms forthe Cu/MgO (111) and Ag/CdO (111) heterophase interfaces, respectively; this is achieved with no deconvolution of the experimental data. The evolution of metal/ceramic heterophase interfaces is studied by following the process of internal oxidation on an atomic scale from its very earliest stages. It is demonstrated that during the early stages of internal oxidation that metal atom clusters as well as hypo and hyperstoichiometric metal-oxygen clusters are present. Solute-atom segregation to grain boundaries is studied in binary metal alloys employing the free energy simulations and the overlapping distribution Monte Carlo methodologies for dilute Pt(Au), Cu(Ni) and Pd(Ni) alloys for both twist and tilt boundaries.

This research program addresses fundamental questions concerning the relations between atomic structures and compositions of homophase and heterophase interfaces. Metal/ceramic heterophase interfaces are created via the process of internal oxidation of metallic alloys. The interfaces are studied via a combination of conventional transmission electron microscopy, high resolution electron microscopy, field-ion microscopy and atom probe microscopy. The latter technique is employed to chemically sequence the interfacial region, and to show that the terminating (222) plane of MgO and CdO consists solely of oxygen atoms forthe Cu/MgO (111) and Ag/CdO (111) heterophase interfaces, respectively; this is achieved with no deconvolution of the experimental data. The evolution of metal/ceramic heterophase interfaces is studied by following the process of internal oxidation on an atomic scale from its very earliest stages. It is demonstrated that during the early stages of internal oxidation that metal atom clusters as well as hypo and hyperstoichiometric metal-oxygen clusters are present. Solute-atom segregation to grain boundaries is studied in binary metal alloys employing the free energy simulations and the overlapping distribution Monte Carlo methodologies for dilute Pt(Au), Cu(Ni) and Pd(Ni) alloys for both twist and tilt boundaries.

This technical report defines and describes a Crystalline Beam. This is an ordered state of matter made of electrically charged ions which are moving together in a storage ring with very high density and small velocity spread. In particular, the paper analyses the requirements for the confinement and the stability of the Beam. It is demonstrated that a storage ring made of one circular weak-focusing magnet, similar to a Betatron, is the most suitable for the confinement and stability of the Crystalline Beam. The disruptive effects of drift insertions have also been investigated. Requirements on final densities and velocity spreads are also calculated and reported. A matrix formalism is developed for the design of the storage ring. The important issue of the disruption caused by the curvature of the closed trajectory is not here discussed; it is the subject of a subsequent paper.

This technical report defines and describes a Crystalline Beam. This is an ordered state of matter made of electrically charged ions which are moving together in a storage ring with very high density and small velocity spread. In particular, the paper analyses the requirements for the confinement and the stability of the Beam. It is demonstrated that a storage ring made of one circular weak-focusing magnet, similar to a Betatron, is the most suitable for the confinement and stability of the Crystalline Beam. The disruptive effects of drift insertions have also been investigated. Requirements on final densities and velocity spreads are also calculated and reported. A matrix formalism is developed for the design of the storage ring. The important issue of the disruption caused by the curvature of the closed trajectory is not here discussed; it is the subject of a subsequent paper.

To determine the feasibility of using the CO{sub 2} laser at LAL as an alternative heat source for x-ray optics tests, we have studied the absorption of the 10.6-micron laser light in silicon for two different dopant concentrations, using the resistivity as a predictor for the absorption length. We describe the results from these tests in this report.

This report details the information related to Global Climate Change. The contents include the Greenhouse effect and Global warming, Greenhouse gases, international action, and Congressional interest and activities.

Subsection (b) of Public Law 101-510, Section 3137, {open_quotes}Safety Measures for Waste Tanks at Hanford Nuclear Reservation{close_quotes} (PL 101-510), requires the Secretary of Energy to {open_quotes}identify those tanks that may have a serious potential for release of high-level waste due to uncontrolled increase in temperature or pressure{close_quotes}. One of the tanks that has been identified to meet this criteria is single-shell tank (SST) 241-C-106 (Wilson and Reep 1991). This report presents the results of an evaluation of the safety issue associated with tank 241-C-106: the continued cooling required for high heat generation in tank 241-C-106. If tank 241-C-106 should start leaking, continued addition of water for cooling could possibly increase the amount of leakage to the soil column. In turn, if the current methods of cooling tank 241-C-106 are stopped, the sludge temperatures may exceed established temperature limits, the long term structural integrity of the tank liner and concrete would be jeopardized, leading to an unacceptable release to the environment. Among other conclusions, this evaluation has determined that tank 241-C-106 contains enough heat generating wastes to justify retaining this tank on the list {open_quotes}Single-Shell Tanks With High Heat Loads (>40,000 Btu/H){close_quotes} and that to confirm the structural integrity needed for …

Many workstation based emergency response dispersion modeling systems provide simple Gaussian models driven by single meteorological tower inputs to estimate the downwind consequences from accidental spills or stack releases. Complex meteorological or terrain settings demand more sophisticated resolution of the three-dimensional structure of the atmosphere to reliably calculate plume dispersion. Mountain valleys and sea breeze flows are two common examples of such settings. To address these complexities, we have implemented the three-dimensional-diagnostic MATHEW mass-adjusted wind field and ADPIC particle-in-cell dispersion models on a workstation for use in real-time emergency response modeling. Both MATHEW and ADPIC have shown their utility in a variety of complex settings over the last 15 years within the Department of Energy`s Atmospheric Release Advisory Capability project.

Historically the Black Colleges and Universities wing of the US Department of Energy (DOE) provided funds to Claflin College, Orangeburg, S.C. to conduct a student Science Enrichment Training Program for a period of six weeks during 1990 summer. Fifty participants were selected from a pool of 130 applicants, generated by the High School Seniors and Juniors and the Freshmen class of 1989--90 at Claflin College. The program primarily focused on high ability students, with potential for Science, Mathematics and Engineering Careers. The major objectives of the program were (1) to increase the pool of well qualified college-entering minority students who will elect to go in Physical Science and Engineering and (2) to increase the enrollment in Chemistry and Preprofessional -- Pre-Med, Pre-Dent. etc -- majors at Claflin College by including the Claflin students to participate in summer academic program. The summer academic program consisted of Chemistry and Computer Science training. The program placed emphasis upon laboratory experience and research. Visits to Scientific and Industrial laboratories were arranged. Guest speakers drawn from academia, industry and several federal agencies, addressed the participants on the future role of Science in the industrial growth of United States of America. The guest speakers also acted …