This report provides an overview of the High Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas (HIDTA) program, including how areas are designated as part of a HIDTA, and program coordination and funding. It also examines issues that policymakers may consider as they debate the future of the program: whether the county is still an appropriate unit of inclusion, whether the criteria remain adequate, whether the program is effective, whether its tangential effects can be measured, whether the current bounds on funds are still appropriate, and which federal entity may be best suited to administer the program.