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2001 Columbia River Recreation Survey -- Implications for Hanford Site Integrated Assessment
This report presents the results from the Columbia River Recreation Survey conducted in the summer of 2001. The survey combined on-site personal interviews with parties engaged in river recreation with on-site field observations to develop a picture of summer river recreation on the Columbia. The study area stretched from just below Priest Rapids Dam in the north to McNary Dam in the south, and was divided into four "Areas" that correspond to the river areas used by the Groundwater/Vadose Zone Integration Project. This study is part of the Groundwater/Vadose Zone Integration Project and was commissioned specifically to document the current recreation use levels in these areas of the river, and to elicit recreation-related expenditure information from visitors. This information informs economic and environmental models used to measure the economic risk posed by possible, but unlikely, releases of contaminants from the Hanford site into the Columbia River. During the study period, researchers collected 256 survey responses and 396 field observations from recreation sites up and down both shores of the river in the study area. Results presented include analysis of trip duration by river activity, trip frequency, and visitor place of origin. Economics-related results include trip expenditure profiles by activity and …
Date:
May 16, 2002
Creator:
Anderson, Dave M.; Scott, Michael J.; Bunn, Amoret L.; Fowler, Richard A.; Prendergast, Ellen L.; Miley, Terri B. et al.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
2001 NSLS Activity Report (National Synchrotron Light Source).
This describes the advertising of cover page of 2001 NSLS Activity Report (National Synchrotron Light Source).
Date:
May 1, 2002
Creator:
Corwin, M. A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
2001 NSLS Activity Report (National Synchrotron Light Source)
The year 2001 has been another highly productive year at the NSLS, with over 2500 users, including 720 first time users, conducting nearly 1200 experiments in fields ranging from the life, materials, chemical, and environmental sciences to applied science and technology. An impressive array of highlights from this scientific activity is included in this Activity Report. They include the first demonstration of a direct structural probe of the superconducting ground state in the cuprates by utilizing anomalous soft x-ray resonance effects to selectively enhance the scattering from doped holes. Another highly significant result was the determination of the structure of the potassium channel membrane protein. This is especially significant as it provides insight into how the channel functions and how it selects a particular kind of ion. In the nanoscience area, small angle x-ray scattering measurements played an essential role in determining that preferential sequestering of tailored metal nanocrystals into a self-assembled lamellar diblock copolymer can produce high quality metallodielectric photonic bandgap structures, demonstrating the potential of these nanocomposites for photonic crystal engineering. The infrared microscopy program continued to yield noteworthy results, including an important study that characterized the types and abundances of organic materials in contaminated and uncontaminated sediments …
Date:
May 1, 2002
Creator:
Corwin, M. A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The 2002 Farm Bill: Overview and Status
The Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform, or FAIR, Act of 1996 (commonly known as the "farm bill"), which was due to expire in 2002, is expected to be extended for another six years when President Bush signs the bill into law. This report discusses the provisions of the new "farm bill," including the federal spending involved.
Date:
May 3, 2002
Creator:
Becker, Geoffrey S. & Womach, Jasper
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Accounting Profession: Status of Panel on Audit Effectiveness Recommendations to Enhance the Self-Regulatory System
A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "The accounting profession maintains a voluntary, self-regulatory system through the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) that includes establishing professional standards, monitoring compliance with professional standards, disciplining members for improper acts and substandard performance, and conducting oversight. The Panel of Audit Effectiveness, set up to examine the AICPA's methods, made recommendations to enhance the accounting profession's self-regulatory system. Implementing actions taken or in process have addressed many of the Panel's recommendations. However, the Panel's recommendations did not fully address the limitations of the self-regulatory system identified in its report. Also, some of the Panel's recommendations were either not accepted or are still under study. Additional experience is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of actions taken or planned. However, the system is fragmented, uncoordinated, and has a disciplinary function that is widely perceived to be ineffective. The self-regulatory system is unable to protect the confidentiality of investigative information about alleged audit failures or other disciplinary matters concerning members of the profession. The lack of such protective powers hinders the timing of investigations and affects the public's perception of the self-regulatory system's effectiveness. The Panel recognized the …
Date:
May 17, 2002
Creator:
United States. General Accounting Office.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Adaptive Management Platform for Natural Resources in the Columbia River Basin
Adaptive management is a systematic and rigorous scientifically defensible program of learning from the outcomes of management actions, accommodating change, and improving management. The critical requirements and toolboxes of an information management framework, referred to as the Adaptive Management Platform (AMP), to realize the goal of adaptive management are described. The AMP design that connects various modules to ensure that the decision-making needs are met. The modules are data management, visualization tools, optimization algorithms, and models of Columbia Basin physical and biological processes. When fully developed, AMP will enable subbasin planners and responsible entities throughout the Basin to collectively and continuously integrate data and decisions, assess cumulative trends and outcomes over time, and demonstrate discipline and accountability. AMP would function at the basin, ecoprovince, as well as the subbasin scale. AMP would assist in ensuring that uncertainties from individual modules and analytical integration are properly presented to decision makers.
Date:
May 1, 2002
Creator:
Vail, Lance W. & Skaggs, Richard
System:
The UNT Digital Library
ADVANCED FLUE GAS CONDITIONING AS A RETROFIT UPGRADE TO ENHANCE PM COLLECTION FROM COAL-FIRED ELECTRIC UTILITY BOILERS
The U.S. Department of Energy and ADA Environmental Solutions are engaged in a project to develop commercial flue gas conditioning additives. The objective is to develop conditioning agents that can help improve particulate control performance of smaller or under-sized electrostatic precipitators on utility coal-fired boilers. The new chemicals will be used to control both the electrical resistivity and the adhesion or cohesivity of the fly ash. There is a need to provide cost-effective and safer alternatives to traditional flue gas conditioning with SO{sub 3} and ammonia. During this reporting quarter, performance testing of flue gas conditioning was underway at the PacifiCorp Jim Bridger Power Plant. The product tested, ADA-43, was a combination resistivity modifier with cohesivity polymers. This represents the first long-term full-scale testing of this class of products. Modifications to the flue gas conditioning system at Jim Bridger, including development of alternate injection lances, was also undertaken to improve chemical spray distribution and to avoid spray deposition to duct interior surfaces. Also in this quarter, a firm commitment was received for another long-term test of the cohesivity additives. This plant fires a bituminous coal and has opacity and particulate emissions performance issues related to fly ash re-entrainment. Ammonia conditioning …
Date:
May 1, 2002
Creator:
Baldrey, Kenneth E.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Advanced Modeling and Materials in Kraft Pulp Mills
This CRADA provided technical support to the Weyerhaeuser Company on a number of issues related to the performance and/or selection of materials at a number of locations in a pulp and paper mill. The studies related primarily to components for black liquor recovery boilers, but some effort was directed toward black liquor gasifiers and rolls for paper machines. The purpose of this CRADA was to assist Weyerhaeuser in the evaluation of materials exposed in various paper mill environments and to provide direction in the selection of alternate materials, when appropriate.
Date:
May 15, 2002
Creator:
Keiser, J. R. & Gorog, J. P.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Afghanistan: Challenges and Options for Reconstructing a Stable and Moderate State
This report provides information on and analysis of the current situation in Afghanistan, taking into consideration the country’s essential characteristics and political developments since about the time of the overthrow of the last Afghan King, Zahir Shah, in 1973, and sketches out four possible scenarios for Afghanistan’s future. Finally, the report identifies and analyzes factors that will influence Afghanistan’s political future, and discusses three policy areas in particular in which actions by the United States could be crucial to the achievement of the U.S. goal of a peaceful, stable, democratic, and terrorist-free Afghanistan. An appendix contains key documents relating to the December 2001 Bonn Agreement, which is the framework for current efforts to create a stable and democratic Afghanistan.
Date:
May 10, 2002
Creator:
Cronin, Richard P.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Afghanistan: Current Issues and U.S. Policy Concerns
The United States and its allies are helping Afghanistan emerging from more than 22 years of warfare, although substantial risk to Afghan stability remains. Before the U.S. military campaign against the orthodox Islamist Taliban movement began on October 7, 2001, Afghanistan had been mired in conflict since the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. The defeat of the Taliban has enabled the United States and its coalition partners to send forces throughout Afghanistan to search for Taliban and Al Qaeda fighters and leaders that remain at large, including Osama bin Laden. As the war against remaining Al Qaeda and Taliban elements winds down, the United States is shifting its military focus toward stabilizing the interim government, including training a new Afghan national army, and supporting the international security force (ISAF) that is helping the new government provide security.
Date:
May 20, 2002
Creator:
Katzman, Kenneth
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Afghanistan's Path to Reconstruction: Obstacles, Challenges, and Issues for Congress
Once hostilities end in Afghanistan and the Afghan phase of the war on terrorism starts to wind down, reconstruction efforts will begin in earnest. International attention will likely turn to Afghanistan’s short- and medium-term future, raising questions between the United States and its allies about division of labor, burdensharing, and exit strategies. It is anticipated that Congress will examine reconstruction efforts underway, aid priorities, long-term reconstruction proposals, and the implementation role to be played by the United States.
Date:
May 17, 2002
Creator:
Margesson, Rhoda
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Africa: Scaling Up the Response To the HIV/AIDS Pandemic
This report summarizes the AIDS pandemic in Africa and how to respond to the issue. Moreover, the report considers the necessary amount of donations, and how much has currently been donated. The report also covers the multiple dimensions to solving the issue by labeling them as prevention, care, and treatment.
Date:
May 29, 2002
Creator:
Copson, Raymond W.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Africa: U.S. Foreign Assistance Issues
This report discusses the issue of U.S. economic assistance to sub-Saharan Africa, highlighting the importance of continued assistance in light of U.S. national security and also various U.S.-led efforts to promote reform amongst African citizens themselves. U.S. assistance finds its way to Africa through a variety of channels, including the USAID-administered DA program, food aid programs, and indirect aid provided through international financial institutions and the United Nations.
Date:
May 8, 2002
Creator:
Copson, Raymond W.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Agricultural Trade Issues in the 107th Congress
The 107th Congress is considering trade issues with implications for the U.S. agricultural sector. Trade in agricultural commodities and food products affects farm income and rural employment, and it also generates economic activity beyond the farm gate. With agricultural export sales the equivalent of one-quarter of farm income, some policymakers view U.S. efforts to develop market opportunities overseas as vital to the sector’s financial health. Decisions taken by the Bush Administration, and actions taken by Congress, thus will affect the outlook for agricultural trade.
Date:
May 3, 2002
Creator:
Hanrahan, Charles E.; Becker, Geoffrey S. & Jurenas, Remy
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Agriculture and Fast Track or Trade Promotion Authority
This report considers the issue of new "fast track" or trade promotion authority (APA) legislation in the 107th Congress. Moreover, the report summarizes the agricultural debates on the issue.
Date:
May 10, 2002
Creator:
Becker, Geoffrey S. & Hanrahan, Charles E.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Agriculture and Fast Track or Trade Promotion Authority
New “fast track” (or, trade promotion) authority (TPA) is at issue in the 107th Congress. Such authority could enable the Administration to submit negotiated foreign trade agreements to Congress for consideration under expedited procedures. Efforts to renew this authority, which expired in 1994, have not succeeded since then. Many agricultural and food industry interests are among the export-oriented enterprises that support TPA, arguing that foreign trading partners will not seriously negotiate with an Administration that lacks it. However, some farm groups argue that fast track ultimately will lead to new agreements that could have adverse effects on U.S. producers, at least in some commodity sectors.
Date:
May 10, 2002
Creator:
Becker, Geoffrey S. & Hanrahan, Charles E.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
AIDS in Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa has been far more severely affected by AIDS than any other part of the world. The United Nations reports that 25.3 million adults and children are infected with the HIV virus in the region, which has about 10% of the world's population but more than 70% of the worldwide total of infected people. This report discusses this issue in detail, including the cause of the African AIDS epidemic, the social and economic consequences, response and treatment, and U.S. policy.
Date:
May 30, 2002
Creator:
Copson, Raymond W.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
ALARA Analysis of Radiological Control Criteria Associated with Alternatives for Disposal of Hazardous Wastes
This ALARA analysis of Radiological Control Criteria (RCC) considers alternatives to continued storage of certain DOE mixed wastes. It also considers the option of treating hazardous wastes generated by DOE facilities, which have a very low concentration of radionuclide contaminants, as purely hazardous waste. Alternative allowable contaminant levels examined correspond to doses to an individual ranging from 0.01 mrem/yr to 10 to 20 mrem/yr. Generic waste inventory data and radionuclide source terms are used in the assessment. Economic issues, potential health and safety issues, and qualitative factors relating to the use of RCCs are considered.
Date:
May 15, 2002
Creator:
Aaberg, Rosanne L.; Bilyard, Gordon R.; Branch, Kristi M.; Lavender, Jay C. & Miller, Peter L.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Analysis of Disposal of Lead in the E-Area Low-Level Waste Facility
Savannah River Site has received approval from SCDHEC for disposal of radioactively contaminated equipment with lead shielding or counterweights. The objective of this analysis was to document the technical basis for the administrative limit of 100,000 pounds approved by SCDHEC under alternative disposal strategies.
Date:
May 10, 2002
Creator:
Wilhite, E.L.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Analysis of Potential Benefits and Costs of Adopting ASHRAE Standard 90.1-1999 as a Commercial Building Energy Code in Illinois Jurisdictions
ASHRAE Standard 90.1-1999 was developed in an effort to set minimum requirements for energy efficienty design and construction of new commercial buildings. This report assesses the benefits and costs of adopting this standard as the building energy code in Illinois. Energy and economic impacts are estimated using BLAST combined with a Life-Cycle Cost approach to assess corresponding economic costs and benefits.
Date:
May 1, 2002
Creator:
Belzer, David B.; Cort, Katherine A.; Winiarski, David W.; Richman, Eric E. & Friedrich, Michele
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Analysis of potential for jet-impingement erosion from leaking steam generator tubes during severe accidents.
This report summarizes analytical evaluation of crack-opening areas and leak rates of superheated steam through flaws in steam generator tubes and erosion of neighboring tubes due to jet impingement of superheated steam with entrained particles from core debris created during severe accidents. An analytical model for calculating crack-opening area as a function of time and temperature was validated with tests on tubes with machined flaws. A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics code was used to calculate the jet velocity impinging on neighboring tubes as a function of tube spacing and crack-opening area. Erosion tests were conducted in a high-temperature, high-velocity erosion rig at the University of Cincinnati, using micrometer-sized nickel particles mixed in with high-temperature gas from a burner. The erosion results, together with analytical models, were used to estimate the erosive effects of superheated steam with entrained aerosols from the core during severe accidents.
Date:
May 1, 2002
Creator:
Majumdar, S.; Diercks, D. R.; Shack, W. J. & Technology, Energy
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Analysis of Site Response at U1A Hole at the Nevada Test Site From Weak Motion Readings
We utilize weak motion recordings to evaluate the site response at the U1A hole, Nevada Test site to determine the effect on potential ground motion at the drift of the U1A hole 962 ft deep. We estimated the site response amplification of ground motion at the surface relative to the drift with the spectral ratio method. We utilized Fourier amplitude and absolute acceleration response spectra, and confined our study to frequencies of 0.5 to 25.0 Hz (.04 to 2.0 s periods). We identified 8 earthquakes in the area that were recorded at the bottom and top of the hole that were used for spectral ratios. We calculated the average and one standard deviation of ratios from all the events. Examining the data, we found that: (1) Fourier amplitude spectral ratios provided more detailed information on the site response than the absolute acceleration response that can be directly related to the effect of large earthquakes. (2) plots of the Fourier amplitude spectra for most of the recorded earthquakes show evidence for a spectral hole in the downhole recordings. This is due to downward reflected energy from the surface. This is not evident in absolute acceleration response records. (3) Fourier amplitude spectral …
Date:
May 21, 2002
Creator:
Hutchings, L & Furrey, L
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Analysis of Staining Observed on Structures in the Georgetown, South Carolina Area
Beginning around 1970, the Georgetown, SC, community complained about black dust and red stains collecting on houses, cars, boats, and other structures. The community, through the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (SCDHEC), seeks to identify the source or cause of the staining and ways to reduce or eliminate it in the future.
Date:
May 2002
Creator:
Cramer, Stephen D.; Covino, Bernard S., Jr. & Govier, R. Dale
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Analytic studies of the long range beam-beam tune shifts and chromaticities
A formula is derived, which allows efficient analytical evaluation of the long range beam-beam tune shifts and chromaticities with amplitude. It assumes that the beams are infinitely short, oppositely charged, and with Gaussian transversal profile. The formula employs an infinite sum with favorable convergence rates, making it well suited especially for the long range case. For a deeper understanding of the beam-beam effects, the structure of the formula was analyzed. It is shown that the tune shifts and chromaticities change sign at certain values of the separation and/or amplitude, and folds in the footprints are predicted. Some special cases were studied in more detail. Applications to the Tevatron are presented, including some proposed compensation schemes.
Date:
May 29, 2002
Creator:
Erdelyi, Bela & Sen, Tanaji
System:
The UNT Digital Library