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Dominant lethal study in CD-1 mice following inhalation exposure to 1,3-butadiene: Final technical report
The effects of whole-body inhalation exposures to 1,3-butadiene on the reproductive system was evaluated. The results of dominant lethality in CD-1 male mice that were exposed to 1,3-butadiene are described. Subsequent to exposure, males were mated with two unexposed females. Mating was continued for 8 weeks with replacement of two females each week. Gravid uteri were removed, and the total number, position and status of implantations were determined. The mice were weighed prior to exposure and at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 weeks after exposure and at sacrifice. The animals were observed for mortality, morbidity and signs of toxicity throughout the study. 19 refs., 5 figs., 9 tabs.
Date:
April 1, 1988
Creator:
Hackett, P. L.; Mast, T. J.; Brown, M. G.; Clark, M. L.; Evanoff, J. J.; Rowe, S. E. et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Mushy-zone model with an exact solution
In this paper we propose a very simple model of a mushy zone which admits of an explicit solution. To our knowledge, it is the only instance where an actual observation of the mushy zone width and structure is used as a partial basis for the model definition. The model rests upon two unknown parameters. The first determines the relation between the equilibrium temperature gradient and the mushy zone width. The second depends upon the dendritic structure in the mushy zone, and is related to the solid fraction. Both can be estimated from experiments. We will limit ourselves to defining the model, presenting its closed form solution, and giving tables from which the solution can be found explicitly. It is shown that in most cases the predicted mushy zone is of very negligible importance.
Date:
April 1, 1982
Creator:
Solomon, A. D.; Wilson, D. G. & Alexiades, V.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Advanced development of a pressurized ash agglomerating fluidized-bed coal gasification system. Quarterly progress report, October 1-December 31, 1982
The overall objective of the Westinghouse coal gasification program is to demonstrate the viability of the Westinghouse pressurized, fluidized bed, gasification system for the production of medium-Btu fuel gas for syngas, electrical power generation, chemical feedstocks, or industrial fuels and to obtain performance and scaleup data for the process and hardware. Progress reports are presented for the following tasks: (1) operation and maintenance of the process development unit (PDU); (2) process analysis; (3) cold flow scaleup facility; (4) process component engineering and design; and (5) laboratory support studies involving gas solids flow modeling and coal/ash behavior. 9 figures, 19 tables.
Date:
April 21, 1983
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Energy related studies utilizing microcline thermochronology: Progress report, May 1, 1987-April 30, 1988
Rock samples from the Salton Sea Geothermal Field (sandstone, tuff, granite) and from accretionary prism sediments along the convergent margins in southeast Alaska and southwest Japan have been dated by the /sup 40/Ar/sup 39/Ar method. Paleotemperatures have been calculated. (ACR
Date:
April 30, 1988
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Novel nanodispersed coal liquefaction catalysts: Molecular design via microemulsion-based synthesis
The objective of this project is to pursue the development of highly dispersed and inexpensive catalysts for improved coal solubilization and upgrading of coal liquids. A novel study of the synthesis of liquefaction catalysts of nanometer size will be carried out. It is based on the molecular design of reverse micelles (microemulsions). These surfactant-stabilized, metal bearing microdrops offer unique opportunities for synthesizing very small particles by providing a cage-like effect that limits particle nucleation, growth and agglomeration. The emphasis will be on iron- and molybdenum-based catalysts, but the techniques to be developed should also be generally applicable. The size of these very small and monodispersed particles will be accurately determined both separately and after in situ and ex situ coal impregnation. The as-prepared nanoparticles as well as the catalyst-impregnated coal or char matrix will be characterized using the following techniques: dynamic light scattering, x-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning and/or transmission electron microscopy, and selective chemisorption.
Date:
April 1, 1991
Creator:
Osseo-Asare, K. & Radovic, L.R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Lithium--water--air battery: a new concept for automotive propulsion. [Modified lithium--water battery, mechanically rechargeable]
None
Date:
April 9, 1975
Creator:
Behrin, E.; Borg, I.Y.; Cooper, J.F.; O'Connell, L.G.; Rubin, B. & Wiesner, H.J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Precipitation kinetics of a continuous precipitator, with application to the precipitation of ammonium polyuranate
A mathematical model describing the kinetics of continuous precipitation was developed which accounts for crystal nucleation, crystal growth, primary coagulation, and secondary coagulation. Population density distributions, average particle sizes, dominant particle sizes, and suspension density fractions of the crystallites, primary agglomerates, and secondary agglomerates leaving the continuous precipitator can be determined. This kinetic model was applied to the continuous precipitation of ammonium polyuranate, which consists of: (1) elementary crystals, (2) clusters or primary coagulated particles, and (3) agglomerates or secondary coagulated particles. The crystallites are thin, submicron, hexagonal platelets. The clusters had an upper size limit of about 7 ..mu.. in diameter and contained numerous small voids (less than 0.3 ..mu..m) due to the packing of the crystallites. The agglomerates had an upper size limit of about 40 ..mu..m in diameter and contained large voids (approximately 1 ..mu..m). The particle size distribution and particle structure of the ammonium polyuranate precipitate can be controlled through proper regulation of the precipitation conditions. The ratio of clusters to agglomerates can be best controlled through the uranium concentration, and the cohesiveness or internal bonding strength of the particles can be controlled with the ammonium to uranium reacting feed mole ratio. These two conditions, in …
Date:
April 1, 1978
Creator:
Hoyt, R.C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
RADIOISOTOPES AND RADIATION APPLICATIONS. Quarterly Progress Report No. 12
Continued research is reported in the areas of intrinsic radioactive tracers for industrial process control and the effects of structural factors on radioinduced graft polymerization. The use of Be-- Po neutron sources for production of short-lived isotopes is being investigated. Data are included on the effects of target volume, high-Z scattering media, target-isotope concentration, and macroscopic cross-section on speciflc and total activation produced with a 10-curie source. Research on graft-polyerization concerning the effects of structure on freetinued. Results indicate that the radical formed in a variety of substituted methacrylate polymers is the same in all cases. (J.R.D.)
Date:
April 18, 1962
Creator:
Sunderman, D.N. ed.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Electronic and structural properties of metallic microclusters
The first part of this thesis presents a first-order pseudopotential calculation at T=O of the total energy of small sodium clusters of size N<800. The calculation is based on a local-pseudopotential scheme and local-density correlation and exchange. A temperature-size (T-N) phase-diagram is then derived using the T=O results and Lindemann's criterion for melting. The phase-diagram contains three regions of stability: (1) a liquid (jellium) phase at temperatures above the melting line T{sub M}(N) where cluster-stability occurs at electronic magic numbers: (2) a phase related to complete geometrical shells of body-centered-cubic structure at temperatures below the melting line; and (3) a close-packed structure at very low temperatures and sufficiently large N. The melting line drops to T{sub M}(N)=O for N<65, where electronic magic numbers are stable even at T=O. The phase diagram reduces asymptotically to the known phases of sodium as N{yields}{infinity}, including the known martensitic transformation at T{approximately}5 K. The second and the last part of this thesis consists of a study of small-cluster many-body systems by means of an on-site local'' chemical potential which allows the continuous variation of local electron-density. This method yields a criterion to distinguish particular features of a small cluster that are likely to survive …
Date:
April 1, 1992
Creator:
Maiti, A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
System for producing a uniform rubble bed for in-situ processes
A method and a cutter are disclosed for producing a large cavity filled with a uniform bed of rubblized oil shale or other material, for in-situ processing. A raise drill head has a hollow body with a generally circular base and sloping upper surface. A hollow shaft extends from the hollow body. Cutter teeth are mounted on the upper surface of the body and relatively small holes are formed in the body between the cutter teeth. Relatively large peripheral flutes around the body allow material to drop below the drill head. A pilot hole is drilled into the oil shale deposit. The pilot hole is reamed into a large diameter hole by means of a large diameter raise drill head or cutter to produce a cavity filled with rubble. A flushing fluid, such as air, is circulated through the pilot hole during the reaming operation to remove fines through the raise drill, thereby removing sufficient material to create sufficient void space, and allowing the larger particles to fill the cavity and provide a uniform bed of rubblized oil shale.
Date:
April 10, 1981
Creator:
Galloway, Terry R.
Object Type:
Patent
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Fossil Energy Advanced Research and Technology Development (AR TD) Materials Program semiannual progress report for the period ending September 30, 1991
The objective of the Fossil Energy Advanced Research and Technology Development Materials Program is to conduct research and development on materials for fossil energy applications with a focus on the longer-term and generic needs of the various fossil fuel technologies. The Program includes research aimed toward a better understanding of materials behavior in fossil energy environments and the development of new materials capable of substantial enhancement of plant operations and reliability. Research is outlined in four areas: Ceramics, New Alloys, Corrosion and Erosion Research, and Technology Development and Transfer. (VC)
Date:
April 1, 1992
Creator:
Judkins, R.R. & Cole, N.C. (comps.)
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Indoor concentrations of radon 222 and its daughters: sources, range, and environmental influences
The author here reviews what is presently known about factors affecting indoor concentrations of radon 222 and its daughters. In US single-family homes, radon concentrations are found to average about 1.5 pCi/1, but substantially higher concentrations occur frequently: perhaps a million US homes have concentrations exceeding 8 pCi/1 (from which occupants receive radiation doses comparable to those now experienced by uranium miners). The major contributor to indoor radon is ordinary soil underlying homes, with this radon being transported indoors primarily by the slight depressurization that occurs toward the bottom of a house interior (due to indoor-outdoor temperature differences and winds). Water from underground sources contributes significantly in a minority of cases, primarily residences with private wells, with public water supplies contributing only a few percent of indoor radon, even when drawn from wells. The strong variability in indoor concentrations is associated primarily with variability in the amount of radon entering homes from these various sources, and secondarily with differences in ventilation rates. However, for a given entry rate, the ventilation rate is the key determinant of indoor concentrations. Human doses are also influenced strongly by the chemical behavior of the daughters (i.e., decay products of radon), and considerable progress has …
Date:
April 1, 1985
Creator:
Nero, A.V. Jr.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Field procedures for the uranium hydrogeochemical and stream sediment reconnaissance as used by the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory
This manual of field procedures is prepared to aid personnel involved in the field sampling of natural waters and waterborne sediment for the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory (LASL) as part of the US Department of Energy (DOE) Hydrogeochemical and Stream Sediment Reconnaissance (HSSR) of the National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) program. It presents the procedural guidelines to be followed by all contractors, contractor employees, and others who collect, treat, or otherwise handle samples taken for the LASL as part of the HSSR program. Part I relates to all sampling in the conterminous states of the US for which the LASL is responsible to the DOE for carrying out the HSSR work. Part II describes procedures to be followed for HSSR work, using helicopter support, in the state of Alaska. The objective of the manual is to insure that consistent techniques are used throughout the survey. If any procedure is unclear or cannot be followed, telephone collect to Group G-5, LASL, (505) 667-7590, for further instructions. No variations in the specific procedures should be made without prior approval of the LASL.
Date:
April 1, 1978
Creator:
Sharp Jr., R. R. & Aamodt, P. L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Health, Safety, and Environment Division: Annual progress report 1987
The primary responsibility of the Health, Safety, and Environment (HSE) Division at the Los Alamos National Laboratory is to provide comprehensive occupational health and safety programs, waste processing, and environment protection. These activities are designed to protect the worker, the public, and the environment. Many disciplines are required to meet the responsibilities, including radiation protection, industrial hygiene, safety, occupational medicine, environmental science, epidemiology, and waste management. New and challenging health and safety problems arise occasionally from the diverse research and development work of the Laboratory. Research programs in HSE Division often stem from these applied needs. These programs continue but are also extended, as needed to study specific problems for the Department of Energy and to help develop better occupational health and safety practices.
Date:
April 1, 1988
Creator:
Rosenthal, M.A. (comp.)
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Excited state absorption measurements of Sm sup 2+ in CaF sub 2 , SrF sub 2 , and SrCl sub 2
We measured the pump-probe spectrum of the Sm{sup 2+} ion in three materials: CaF{sub 2}, SrF{sub 2}, and SrCl{sub 2}. The onset of the observed prominent excited-state absorption band is consistent with an electrostatic model for impurity levels in a solid-state material. 15 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.
Date:
April 1, 1991
Creator:
Lawson, J. K.; Lee, H. W. H.; Payne, S. A. (Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (United States)) & Boatner, L. A. (Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States))
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Geology of the 241-S Tank Farm
A series of maps have been compiled to document the structure and stratigraphy of the sediments underlying the high-level radioactive waste storage tank farms located within the Energy Research and Development Administration Hanford Reservation. The primary purpose of these maps is to provide basic geologic information to be utilized to evaluate the impact of suspected and confirmed tank leaks.
Date:
April 1, 1976
Creator:
Price, W. H. & Fecht, K. R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Optical imaging diagnostics for fusion plasmas
Imaging diagnostics are used for spatially/emdash/and temporally/emdash/resolved quantitative measurements of plasma properties such as the ionization particle source, particle and energy loss, and impurity radiation in magnetically confined fusion plasmas. Diagnostics equipped with multi-element solid-state detectors (often with image intensifiers) are well suited to the environment of large fusion machines with high magnetic field and x-ray and neutron fluxes. We have both conventional (16msframe) and highspeed video cameras to measure neutral deuterium H/sub ..cap alpha../ (6563 /angstrom/) emissions from fusion plasmas. Continuous high-speed measurements are made with video cameras operating at 0.1 to 0.5 msframe; gated cameras provide snapshots of 10 to 100 ..mu..s during each 16-ms video frame. Digital data acquisition and absolute intensity calibrations of the cameras enable detailed quantitative source measurements: these are extremely important in determining the particle balance of the plasma. In a liner confinement device, radial transport can be determined from the total particle balance. In a toroidal confinement device, the details of particle recycling can be determined. Optical imaging in other regions of the spectrum are also important, particularly for the diverter region of large tokamaks. Absolutely calibrated infrared cameras have been used to image to temperature changes in the wall and thereby …
Date:
April 1, 1988
Creator:
Allen, S.L.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Long-term protection of uranium mill tailings
US Environmental Protection Agency standards for the cleanup and disposal of inactive tailings sites require that control measures for disposal of tailings be designed to be effective for up to 1000 years if reasonably achievable, and, in any case, for 200 years at least. To control the escape of contaminants over such long periods, containment systems must be capable of adjusting to changing environmental conditions. Elements of a containment system include surface covers, biotic barriers, radon barriers, and, in some cases, liners. Each element of the system affects the others, and the whole system responds to the surrounding environment. Interaction is facilitated primarily by soil moisture. Consequently, the control of soil moisture is critical to the effectiveness of containment systems. Protective covers are necessary to prevent disruption of the containment system by physical or biological factors, to provide for the effective functioning of the radon barrier, and to prevent infiltration of excess water that could cause leaching. In order to design protective covers, a working knowledge of the factors and processes impacting tailings piles is required. This report characterizes the major factors and processes, and presents generic solutions based on current research. 65 references, 9 figures, 6 tables.
Date:
April 1, 1984
Creator:
Beedlow, P. A. & Hartley, J. N.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Safety analysis report for packaging (SARP) of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Shipping Cask D-38
An analytical evaluation of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Shipping Cask D-38 (solids shipments) was made to demonstrate its compliance with the regulations governing off-site radioactive material shipping packages. The evaluation encompassed five primary categories: structural integrity, thermal resistance, radiation shielding, nuclear criticality safety, and quality assurance. The results of the evaluation show that the cask complies with the applicable regulations.
Date:
April 1, 1978
Creator:
Klima, B. B.; Shappert, L. B.; Seagren, R. D. & Box, W. D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Low level waste management: a compilation of models and monitoring techniques. Volume 1
In support of the National Low-Level Waste (LLW) Management Research and Development Program being carried out at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Science Applications, Inc., conducted a survey of models and monitoring techniques associated with the transport of radionuclides and other chemical species from LLW burial sites. As a result of this survey, approximately 350 models were identified. For each model the purpose and a brief description are presented. To the extent possible, a point of contact and reference material are identified. The models are organized into six technical categories: atmospheric transport, dosimetry, food chain, groundwater transport, soil transport, and surface water transport. About 4% of the models identified covered other aspects of LLW management and are placed in a miscellaneous category. A preliminary assessment of all these models was performed to determine their ability to analyze the transport of other chemical species. The models that appeared to be applicable are identified. A brief survey of the state-of-the-art techniques employed to monitor LLW burial sites is also presented, along with a very brief discussion of up-to-date burial techniques.
Date:
April 1, 1980
Creator:
Mosier, J. E.; Fowler, J. R. & Barton, C. J. (comps.)
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Environmental Sciences Division annual progress report for period ending September 30, 1981
Research programs from the following sections and programs are summarized: aquatic ecology, environmental resources, earth sciences, terrestrial ecology, advanced fossil energy program, toxic substances program, environmental impacts program, biomass, low-level waste research and development program, US DOE low-level waste management program, and waste isolation program.
Date:
April 1, 1982
Creator:
Auerbach, S.I. & Reichle, D.E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Heat transfer in underground heating experiments in granite, Stipa, Sweden
Electrical heater experiments have been conducted underground in granite at Stripa, Sweden, to investigate the effects of heating associated with nuclear waste storage. Temperature data from these experiments are compared with closed-form and finite-element solutions. Good agreement is found between measured temperatures and both types of models, but especially for a nonlinear finite-element heat conduction model incorporating convective boundary conditions, measured nonuniform initial rock temperature distribution, and temperature-dependent thermal conductivity. In situ thermal properties, determined by least-squares regression, are very close to laboratory values. A limited amount of sensitivity analysis is undertaken.
Date:
April 1, 1980
Creator:
Chan, T.; Javandel, I. & Witherspoon, P.A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Stress and Deflection of Boiler Fuel Element Boxes
Equations were derived by strain-energy methods for analyzing the stress and deflection in the boiler fuel element boxes used in the Pathfinder nuclear reactor. These boxes are of two types, both constructed of Zircaloy lI. One box is approximately 5 in. sq. The second is approximately 10 1/2 in. sq divided internally into four compartments (5 in. sq) by a cruciform control-rod guide structure. Stress and deflection in the box walls are caused by pressure differences across the walls. The equations were verified by testing an aluminum model of the single-element box and a Plexiglas model of the four-element box. There was less than 10% difference between theoretical and measured values for the maximum stress and deflection, and therefore, use of the equations for designing the Pathfinder fuel element boxes is justified. (auth)
Date:
April 13, 1962
Creator:
Vlies, L. E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Flashing inception in flowing liquids
The inception of net vaporization in flashing flows is examined. It is suggested that the flashing inception can be expressed as two additive effects. One is due to the static decompression which is a function of the initial temperature and also of the expansion rate. The other effect which is a function of Reynolds number and flashing index, is due to the turbulent fluctuations of the flowing liquid. It is shown that by taking a three standard deviation band on the turbulent velocity fluctuations, an adequate representation of the inverse mass flux effect on flashing inception for existing data is obtained. The turbulence effects are combined with the correlation of Alamgir and Lienhard to provide predictive methods recommended for the case where both static and convective decompression effects exist.
Date:
April 1, 1980
Creator:
Jones, O. C., Jr.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library