Enhanced coal hydrogasification via oxidative pretreatment (open access)

Enhanced coal hydrogasification via oxidative pretreatment

The gasification of coal char by hydrogen is much slower than in steam or carbon dioxide; moreover, hydrogasification rate in pure hydrogen decreases sharply with conversion for most carbons. To overcome this kinetic behavior, the oxidation of the char prior to and during hydrogasification has been investigated as a means of enhancing hydro gasification rate. Kinetic rate studies under well-characterized conditions have been complemented by careful surface analyses to characterize oxygen on the char surface prior to and during hydrogasification.
Date: April 16, 1992
Creator: Miller, D.J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Combustion of dense streams of coal particles (open access)

Combustion of dense streams of coal particles

Research on coal combustion continued. Activities during November 29, 1991 to February 28, 1992 includes: Further analytical results on char array combustion and internal ignition of porous char; preliminary runs using a flat flame burner have been made and a blue flat flame has been obtained; a CID camera, EPIX frame grabber and software, Sony monitor and a 486 Computer to handle image processing frame by frame have been acquired; a new coal feeder has been constructed for feeding through the flat flame burner. Coal experiments have not yet been conducted. Coal samples from Penn State Coal Bank were also acquired for use in the experiments. They include bituminous and subbituminous coals of differing VM.
Date: April 14, 1992
Creator: Annamalai, K.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Graphics-based site information management at Hanford TRU burial grounds (open access)

Graphics-based site information management at Hanford TRU burial grounds

The objective of the project described in this paper is to demonstrate the use of integrated computer graphics and database techniques in managing nuclear waste facilities. The graphics-based site information management system (SIMS) combines a three- dimensional graphic model of the facility with databases which describe the facility's components and waste inventory. The SIMS can create graphic visualization of any site data. The SIMS described here is being used by Westinghouse Hanford Company (WHC) as part of its transuranic (TRU) waste retrieval program at the Hanford Reservation. It is being used to manage an inventory of over 38,000 containers, to validate records, and to help visualize conceptual designs of waste retrieval operations.
Date: April 1, 1992
Creator: Rod, S.R. (Pacific Northwest Lab., Washington, DC (United States))
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Development of improved iron Fischer-Tropsch catalysts (open access)

Development of improved iron Fischer-Tropsch catalysts

The objective of proposed research is development of catalysts with enhanced slurry phase activity and better selectivity to fuel range products, through a more detailed understanding and systematic studies of the effects of pretreatment procedures and promoters/binders (silica) on catalyst performance.
Date: April 30, 1990
Creator: Bukur, D.B.; Patel, S.A.; Dalai, A.K.; Jayanthi, G. & Ledakowicz, S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Participation in high energy physics, Task D (open access)

Participation in high energy physics, Task D

This report discusses the following topics: Communication and Advancement of High Energy Physics; B-Quarks; Secondary Vertex Trigger; and Science Education.
Date: April 1, 1992
Creator: Lederman, L.M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Fundamental mechanisms in flue gas conditioning (open access)

Fundamental mechanisms in flue gas conditioning

This project is divided into four tasks. The Management Plan was developed in task 1. Task 2, Evaluation of Mechanisms in FGD Sorbent and Ash Interactions, focuses on the characteristics of binary mixtures of these distinct powders. Task 3, Evaluation of Mechanisms in Conditioning Agents and Ash, is designed to examine the effects of various conditioning agents on fine ash particles to determine the mechanisms by which these agents alter the physical properties of the ash. Tasks 2 and 3 began with an extensive literature search and the assembly of existing theories. This phase of the project is now complete. During the past quarter, initial preparations of laboratory equipment for laboratory testing have been made. A plan for initial laboratory tests has been submitted to the Project Manager for review. Laboratory testing will commence once these laboratory plans have been formally approved. The results of the work performed under task 2 and 3 will be included in a Flue Gas Conditioning Model that will be issued under task 4. The Final Report for the project will also be prepared under task 4.
Date: April 27, 1992
Creator: Snyder, T. R.; Robinson, M. S. & Bush, P. V.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
A comparison of radioactive waste from first generation fusion reactors and fast fission reactors with actinide recycling (open access)

A comparison of radioactive waste from first generation fusion reactors and fast fission reactors with actinide recycling

Limitations of the fission fuel resources will presumably mandate the replacement of thermal fission reactors by fast fission reactors that operate on a self-sufficient closed fuel cycle. This replacement might take place within the next one hundred years, so the direct competitors of fusion reactors will be fission reactors of the latter rather than the former type. Also, fast fission reactors, in contrast to thermal fission reactors, have the potential for transmuting long-lived actinides into short-lived fission products. The associated reduction of the long-term activation of radioactive waste due to actinides makes the comparison of radioactive waste from fast fission reactors to that from fusion reactors more rewarding than the comparison of radioactive waste from thermal fission reactors to that from fusion reactors. Radioactive waste from an experimental and a commercial fast fission reactor and an experimental and a commercial fusion reactor has been characterized. The fast fission reactors chosen for this study were the Experimental Breeder Reactor 2 and the Integral Fast Reactor. The fusion reactors chosen for this study were the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor and a Reduced Activation Ferrite Helium Tokamak. The comparison of radioactive waste parameters shows that radioactive waste from the experimental fast fission reactor …
Date: April 1, 1991
Creator: Koch, M. & Kazimi, M.S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Magnetic field in the SSC arc quad (open access)

Magnetic field in the SSC arc quad

In part one we report on field calculations along the conductor in the end region of the SSC arc-quad. We have determined that the maximum field in the 2D section is 5.04 tesla located at the pole turn of the inner layer somewhere in the middle of the cable (strand 9)(fields are at 6500 A). At the end'' the maximum field is slightly higher 5.09 tesla located at the overpass (strand 11). The iron contribution was included assuming infinite permeability. In part two we include results of a 3D representation of the magnetic field inside the bore. The complete analysis, for which a brief description has been included here, is described elsewhere. This form for presenting the field is suitable for interfacing with other codes that make use of the 3D field components (particle tracking and stability). 69 figs.
Date: April 29, 1991
Creator: Caspi, S.; Helm, M. & Laslett, L.J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Innovative technology demonstration (open access)

Innovative technology demonstration

The Innovative Technology Demonstration (ITD) program at Tinker Air Force Base (TAFB), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, will demonstrate the overall utility and effectiveness of innovative technologies for site characterization, monitoring, and remediation of selected contaminated test sites. The current demonstration test sites include a CERCLA site on the NPL list, located under a building (Building 3001) that houses a large active industrial complex used for rebuilding military aircraft, and a site beneath and surrounding an abandoned underground tank vault used for storage of jet fuels and solvents. The site under Building 3001 (the NW Test Site) is contaminated with TCE and Cr{sup {plus}6}; the site with the fuel storage vault (the SW Tanks Site) is contaminated with fuels, BTEX and TCE. These sites and others have been identified for cleanup under the Air Force's Installation Restoration Program (IRP). This document describes the demonstrations that have been conducted or are planned for the TAFB.
Date: April 1, 1992
Creator: Anderson, D.B.; Luttrell, S.P. (Pacific Northwest Lab., Richland, WA (United States)); Hartley, J.N. (Battelle Environmental Management Operations, Richland, WA (United States)) & Hinchee, R. (Battelle, Columbus, OH (United States))
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Marine Tactical Command and Control System (MTACCS) Field Development System-1 (FDS-1) assessment: Final report (open access)

Marine Tactical Command and Control System (MTACCS) Field Development System-1 (FDS-1) assessment: Final report

The United State Marine Corps (USMC) is continuing the development and fielding of the Marine Corps Tactical Command and Control System (MTACCS), a system which exists in varying states of development, fielding, or modernization. MTACCS is currently composed of the following components: Tactical Combat Operations System (TCO) for ground command and control (C2), Intelligence Analysis System (IAS) with a Genser terminal connected to a TCO workstation for intelligence C2, Marine Integrated Personnel System (MIPS) and a TCO workstation using the Marine Combat Personnel System (MCPERS) software for personnel C2, Marine Integrated Logistics System (MILOGS) which is composed of the Landing Force Asset Distribution System (LFADS), the Marine Air-Ground Task Force (MAGTF) II, and a TCO terminal using the Marine Combat Logistics System (MCLOG) for logistics C2, Marine Corps Fire Support System (MCFSS) for fire support C2, and Advanced Tactical Air Command Central (ATACC) and the Improved Direct Air Support Central for aviation C2.
Date: April 1, 1992
Creator: Avery, L.W.; Hunt, S.T.; Savage, S.F. (Pacific Northwest Lab., Richland, WA (United States)); McLaughlin, P.D.; Shepdard, A.P. & Worl, J.C. (Battelle Seattle Research Center, WA (United States))
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Irradiation effects on the electrochemistry and corrosion resistance of stainless steel (open access)

Irradiation effects on the electrochemistry and corrosion resistance of stainless steel

Nickel-ion irradiation at 500{degrees}C is shown to have a strong effect on the surface electrochemistry and intergranular corrosion of stainless steel. Measured current densities in a 1N H{sub 2}SO{sub 4} solution at room temperature are increased at active-passive, passive, and transpassive potentials. Irradiation effects on the current decay behavior and susceptibility to intergranular corrosion were similar for a microcrystalline, fine-grained stainless alloy and for a very large-grained stainless steel. Radiation-induced segregation at the surface is believed to promote higher currents, whereas segregation at grain boundaries prompts intergranular attack. Analytical electron microscopy measurements reveal silicon enrichment and chromium depletion at internal interfaces in irradiated specimens. Silicon enhances dissolution at transpassive potentials, whereas chromium depletion does the same at active-passive and passive potentials.
Date: April 1, 1992
Creator: Bruemmer, S. M.; Arey, B. W.; Windisch, C. F., Jr. & Cole, J. I.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
National briefing summaries: Nuclear fuel cycle and waste management (open access)

National briefing summaries: Nuclear fuel cycle and waste management

Since 1976, the International Program Support Office (IPSO) at the Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) has collected and compiled publicly available information concerning foreign and international radioactive waste management programs. This National Briefing Summaries is a printout of an electronic database that has been compiled and is maintained by the IPSO staff. The database contains current information concerning the radioactive waste management programs (with supporting information on nuclear power and the nuclear fuel cycle) of most of the nations (except eastern European countries) that now have or are contemplating nuclear power, and of the multinational agencies that are active in radioactive waste management. Information in this document is included for three additional countries (China, Mexico, and USSR) compared to the prior issue. The database and this document were developed in response to needs of the US Department of Energy.
Date: April 1, 1991
Creator: Schneider, K. J.; Bradley, D. J.; Fletcher, J. F.; Konzek, G. J.; Lakey, L. T.; Mitchell, S. J. et al.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
An automated tool for evaluating compliance and providing assistance with building energy standards during design (open access)

An automated tool for evaluating compliance and providing assistance with building energy standards during design

In an effort to encourage the maximum cost-effective level of energy efficiency in new building design, energy-efficiency standards have become more location-specific and performance-based. As a result, standards often provide more than one path for ensuring and demonstrating that a design complies, but at the cost of increased complexity. In addition, the burden of remedying a noncompliant design rests on the designers' knowledge and experience, with only general guidance provided by the standards. As part of efforts in the US Department of Energy's (DOE's) Advanced Energy Design and Operation Technologies (AEDOT) project, a team at DOE's Pacific Northwest Laboratory is developing a computer program known as the Energy Standards Intelligent Design Tool (ES-IDT). The ES-IDT is one component of a prototype computer-based building design environment. It performs automatic compliance checking for parts of ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-1989 and provides designers assistance in bringing noncomplying designs into compliance. This paper describes the ES-IDT, the functions it provides, and how it is integrated into the design process via the AEDOT prototype building design environment. 9 refs.
Date: April 30, 1992
Creator: Quadrel, R.W.; Brambley, M.R. & Stratton, R.C.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Recommended documentation for computer users at ANL (open access)

Recommended documentation for computer users at ANL

Recommended Documentation for Computer Users at ANL is for all users of the services available from the Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) Computing and Telecommunications Division (CTD). This document will guide you in selecting available documentation that will best fill your particular needs. Chapter 1 explains how to use this document to select documents and how to obtain them from the CTD Document Distribution Counter. Chapter 2 contains a table that categorizes available publications. Chapter 3 gives descriptions of the online DOCUMENT command for CMS, and VAX, and the Sun workstation. DOCUMENT allows you to scan for and order documentation that interests you. Chapter 4 lists publications by subject. Categories I and IX cover publications of a general nature and publications on telecommunications and networks respectively. Categories II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, and X cover publications on specific computer systems. Category XI covers publications on advanced scientific computing at Argonne. Chapter 5 contains abstracts for each publication, all arranged alphabetically. Chapter 6 describes additional publications containing bibliographies and master indexes that the user may find useful. The appendix identifies available computer systems, applications, languages, and libraries.
Date: April 1, 1992
Creator: Heiberger, A. A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Instrumentation of dynamic gas pulse loading system (open access)

Instrumentation of dynamic gas pulse loading system

The overall goal of this work is to further develop and field test a system of stimulating oil and gas wells, which increases the effective radius of the well bore so that more oil can flow into it, by recording pressure during the gas generation phase in real time so that fractures can be induced more predictably in the producing formation. Task 1: Complete the laboratory studies currently underway with the prototype model of the instrumentation currently being studied. Task 2: Perform field tests of the model in the Taft/Bakersfield area, utilizing operations closest to the engineers working on the project, and optimize the unit for various conditions encountered there. Task 3: Perform field test of the model in DGPL jobs which are scheduled in the mid-continent area, and optimize the unit for downhole conditions encountered there. Task 4: Analyze and summarize the results achieved during the complete test series, documenting the steps for usage of downhole instrumentation in the field, and compile data specifying use of the technology by others. Task 5: Prepare final report for DOE, and include also a report on the field tests completed. Describe and estimate the probability of the technology being commercialized and in …
Date: April 14, 1992
Creator: Mohaupt, H.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Divertor material evaluation system at DIII-D (open access)

Divertor material evaluation system at DIII-D

The DIvertor Material Evaluation System (DIMES) at DIII-D is a collaborative program between General Atomics, Sandia National Laboratories (SNL), and Argonne National Laboratory (ANL). This program was initiated in response to the need for understanding the interaction between the plasma and divertor surface materials in tokamaks. Material erosion, tritium retention, disruption effects and material transport are very important topics for the design of ITER. The first phase of the DIMES study is integral material exposure measurements. The second phase of the study is the installation of the DIMES sample changer mechanism. The mechanical design goal for the second phase is to allow the insertion of instrumented samples into the bottom divertor plat region of DIII-D without venting the tokamak. Different material samples can then be exchanged overnight after as few as one plasma shot of exposure. This paper presents the results of the integral experiments, the design of the DIMES sample changer mechanism and the planning of material evaluation experiments at DIII-D using the DIMES mechanism.
Date: April 1, 1992
Creator: Wong, C. P. C.; Jungle, R.; Phelps, R. D.; Politzer, P.; Puhn, F.; West, W. P. (General Atomics, San Diego, CA (United States)) et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Development and validation of a cleanup method for hydrocarbon containing samples for the analysis of semivolatile organic compounds (open access)

Development and validation of a cleanup method for hydrocarbon containing samples for the analysis of semivolatile organic compounds

Samples obtained from the Hanford single shell tanks (SSTs) are contaminated with normal paraffin hydrocarbon (NPH) as hydrostatic fluid from the sampling process or can be native to the tank waste. The contamination is usually high enough that a dilution of up to several orders of magnitude may be required before the sample can be analyzed by the conventional gas chromatography/mass spectrometry methodology. This can prevent detection and measurement of organic constituents that are present at lower concentration levels. To eliminate or minimize the problem, a sample cleanup method has been developed and validated and is presented in this document.
Date: April 1, 1992
Creator: Hoppe, E. W.; Stromatt, R. W.; Campbell, J. A.; Steele, M. J. & Jones, J. E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Development of microstructures with improved cryogenic toughness through local variations in stress state: Aluminum-lithium alloys (open access)

Development of microstructures with improved cryogenic toughness through local variations in stress state: Aluminum-lithium alloys

Microstructurally-induced changes in the local stress state (triaxial constraint) and their effect on fracture-toughness behavior are examined at ambient and cryogenic temperatures in an Al-Li-Cu-Zr alloy, processed in the form of 12.7 mm-thick naturally laminated'' plate containing aligned-weak interfaces and 1.6 mm-thin unlaminated sheet. It is shown that marked improvements in long-transverse (L-T) toughness can be achieved in the plate material at cryogenic temperatures by promoting through-thickness delamination along these interfaces, which relaxes local constraint and promotes a fracture-mode transition from global plane strain to local plane stress. Conversely, in thin sheet material, the absence of such interface delamination leads to a reduction in toughness with decrease in temperature, consistent with the greater degree of crack-tip constraint. 17 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.
Date: April 1, 1990
Creator: Venkateswara Rao, K. T. & Ritchie, R. O.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Stress-Relief Displacements Induced by Drilling--Applications to Holographic Measurements of in Situ Stress (open access)

Stress-Relief Displacements Induced by Drilling--Applications to Holographic Measurements of in Situ Stress

The holographic stressmeter is an instrument which has been developed at Caltech to allow determination of the complete stress tensor from in situ borehole measurements. The stressmeter uses double-exposure holographic interferometry to record the displacements induced by the drilling of a small sidehole into the borehole wall. The local stresses, which are the result of the far-field stresses, concentrated at the borehole, cause deformation of the surface of the borehole wall in the vicinity of the sidehole. The first part of this study uses a thin infinite elastic plate subjected to plane stress at infinity to model the displacements at the borehole wall. However, the existence of some holograms which were difficult to model closely led us to examine the validity of this model. In order to investigate the problem further, we performed a two-dimensional finite element analysis for an elastic box with a terminated hole. We varied the dimensions of the hole to see what effect the radius and depth of the hole might have on the displacements. The plate model predicts that the depth of the hole should have no effect on the horizontal components of displacement, but the finite element results show that the magnitude of both …
Date: April 24, 1992
Creator: Ahrens, T. J. & Smither, C. L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
FDA Approved Registration of Erythromycin for Treatment of Bacterial Kidney Disease (BKD) in Juvenile and Adult Chinook Salmon : Annual Report, Reporting Period March 10, 1989 to March 9, 1990. (open access)

FDA Approved Registration of Erythromycin for Treatment of Bacterial Kidney Disease (BKD) in Juvenile and Adult Chinook Salmon : Annual Report, Reporting Period March 10, 1989 to March 9, 1990.

Erythromycin is a therapeutic substance useful against bacterial kidney disease in salmon. In 1989 we began a multi year project to learn more about erythromycin applied to juvenile and adult salmon, with the goal of achieving registration of erythromycin with the US Food and Drug Administration. To begin the study, we studied the pharmacokinetics of erythromycin administered to both adult and juvenile chinook salmon. We monitored blood plasmas time curves from individual adult fish injected with two forms of injectable erythromycin using one of three routes of administration. In addition, we began experiments to evaluate hatchery applications of erythromycin to individually marked adult salmon, and we recovered blood tissues from these fish at the time of spawning. To determine how to use erythromycin in juvenile salmon, we evaluated the adsorption and elimination of erythromycin applied arterially and orally to individual juvenile fish. In feeding trials we determined the palatability to juvenile chinook salmon of feed made with one of two different carriers for erythromycin thiocyanate. 35 refs., 4 figs. , 3 tabs.
Date: April 1, 1991
Creator: Moffitt, Christine A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Repair of uv damaged DNA: Genes and proteins of yeast and human (open access)

Repair of uv damaged DNA: Genes and proteins of yeast and human

Our objectives are to determine the molecular mechanism of the incision step of excision repair of ultraviolet (UV) light damaged DNA in eukaryotic organisms, using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model system, and to study the human homologs of yeast excision repair and postreplication repair proteins progress is described.
Date: April 1, 1992
Creator: Prakash, L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Renewable energy and utility regulation (open access)

Renewable energy and utility regulation

This report summarizes the results of a joint project on renewable energy of the National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners (NARUC) and the US DOE. NARUC'S Task Force on Renewable Energy conducted a review of the current state of renewable energy technologies to evaluate their potential and extract key policy lessons from experience already gained in deployment of these technologies in numerous states. The main focus of this effort has been to clarify how utility regulators affect the development of renewable energy resources. The goal of the project was twofold: (1) identify the factors that have led to success or failure or renewable energy technologies in various energy markets, and (2) to develop an agenda on renewable energy and utility regulation for NARUC and the DOE. This report consists of three sections: renewable energy contributions, costs and potential; factors affecting development of renewable energy resources; and a renewable energy agenda for NARUC.
Date: April 10, 1991
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Aspects of strangeness production with 15 -- 30 GeV proton beams (open access)

Aspects of strangeness production with 15 -- 30 GeV proton beams

We discuss the spectrum of physics questions related to strangeness which could be addressed with a 15--30 GeV proton storage ring. We focus on various aspects of strangeness production, including hyperon production in pp collisions, studies of hyperon-nucleon scattering, production of hyper-fragments in p-nucleus collisions, and hyperon spin observables in inclusive production.
Date: April 1, 1992
Creator: Dover, C. B.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
A new approach in ultrapurification of coal by selective flocculation (open access)

A new approach in ultrapurification of coal by selective flocculation

The specific objective of the present investigation is to develop a mathematical and computational model to elicit values of active sites ({phi}) and fractional surface coverage ({theta}) which would yield optimum separation of coal from coal pyrite and coal refuse. Attempts are to be made to select appropriate flocculants and experimental conditions to obtain {phi} and {theta} values as dictated by the theoretical model so as to achieve the desired separation in naturally occurring samples of fine coal. (VC)
Date: April 1, 1992
Creator: Moudgil, B.M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library