AGS beam losses at transition are now tolerable ([lt]5%), but as the present improvement plans are implemented and the intensity is increased, new mechanisms will become important and the losses will increase. This Note describes studies directed towards minimizing these losses. Werner Hardt has studied these losses at the CERN PS. In particular, he found that by sharply reducing the time spent going through transition he could reduce the losses. Hardt visited Brookhaven in early June, 1986, in order to help us better understand the AGS. As a result of work inspired by his visit, we now believe that intensities of [approximately]5x10[sup 13] circulating protons are attainable in the AGS without significant losses at transition.

AGS beam losses at transition are now tolerable ({lt}5%), but as the present improvement plans are implemented and the intensity is increased, new mechanisms will become important and the losses will increase. This Note describes studies directed towards minimizing these losses. Werner Hardt has studied these losses at the CERN PS. In particular, he found that by sharply reducing the time spent going through transition he could reduce the losses. Hardt visited Brookhaven in early June, 1986, in order to help us better understand the AGS. As a result of work inspired by his visit, we now believe that intensities of {approximately}5x10{sup 13} circulating protons are attainable in the AGS without significant losses at transition.

The porosities of three mesoporous silica materials were characterized with {sup 129}Xe NMR spectroscopy. The materials were synthesized by a sol-gel process with r = 0, 25, and 70% methanol by weight in an aqueous cetyltrimethylammonium bromide solution. Temperature dependent chemical shifts and spin lattice relaxation times reveal that xenon does not penetrate the pores of the largely disordered (r= 70%) silica. For both r = 0 and 25%, temperature dependent resonances corresponding to physisorbed xenon were observed. An additional resonance for the r = 25% sample was attributed to xenon between the disordered cylindrical pores. 2D NMR exchange experiments corroborate the spin lattice relaxation data which show that xenon is in rapid exchange between the adsorbed and the gas phase.

Identification of the mechanism responsible for primary water stress corrosion cracking (PWSCC) in nickel-base alloys is a controversial topic. Numerous mechanisms, including the film-rupture/oxidation (i.e., slip-oxidation or slip-dissolution) mechanism, have been proposed to explain PWSCC. According to this mechanism, the observed sensitivity of PWSCC to material and environmental factors may be explained by the combined effects of repassivation kinetics, oxide rupture strain, and crack tip strain rate (which includes creep). Previous research has shown that increasing the Cr content of Ni-9%Fe-Cr from 16 to 30 wt% strongly decreases PWSCC susceptibility. Consequently, measurements of these three fundamental parameters (repassivation, oxide rupture, and creep) were performed as a function of Cr content, and SCC crack growth rates were predicted on the basis of the resulting data. This paper illustrates that considering these three parameters concurrently may contribute to the understanding of Cr effects on PWSCC of Ni-base alloys. However, it is not clear whether the film-rupture/oxidation mechanism can adequately predict the observed crack growth rates for Alloy 600 at 338 C.

One of the crucial predictions of supersymmetric models that reduce to the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) at the weak scale is that the lightest Higgs scalar should have mass m{sub h} {approx_lt} 125-130 GeV[1]. Recent results on the reach of Fermilab Tevatron upgrades for Standard Model (SM) Higgs bosons show that masses of order 120-180 GeV may be probed [2, 3, 4, 5], depending on integrated luminosity, detector performance and signal and background modeling. Thus, the discovery of a Higgs boson (or a new limit of around 120-130 GeV on its mass) will severely constrain supersymmetric models as well. In this report, we update previous calculations made by our group [6] pertaining to the reach of Fermilab Tevatron upgrades for Higgs bosons in supersymmetric models. We present reach results for SUSY Higgs bosons within the MSSM, the minimal Supergravity model (mSUGRA) and in the minimal Gauge Mediated SUSY Breaking model (mGMSB). In this update, 95% CL exclusion contours and 5{sigma} discovery contours are presented for integrated luminosity values of 2, 5 and 20 fb{sup {minus}1}.

This Acceptance Test Report (ATR) documents the results of WHC-SD-WM-ATP-146 (Prototype Cone Penetrometer Moisture Probe Acceptance Test Procedure) and WHC-SD-WM-ATP-145 (Cone Penetrometer Moisture Probe Acceptance Test Procedure). The master copy of WHC-SD-WM-ATP-145 can be found in Appendix A and the master copy of WHC-SD-WM-ATP-146 can be found in Appendix B. Also included with this report is a matrix showing design criteria of the cone penetrometer moisture probe and the verification method used (Appendix C).

This document provides a discussion of the technical progress on DOE/PETC project number DE-AC22-92PC91338, "High Efficiency SO2 Removal Testing", for the time period 1 January through 31 March 1997. The project involves testing at six full-scale utility flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems, to evaluate low capital cost upgrades that may allow these systems to achieve up to 98% SO2 removal efficiency. The upgrades being evaluated mostly involve using performance additives in the FGD systems. The "base" project involved testing at the Tampa Electric Company�s Big Bend Station. All five potential options to the base program have been exercised by DOE, involving testing at Hoosier Energy�s Merom Station (Option I), Southwestern Electric Power Company�s Pirkey Station (Option II), PSI Energy�s Gibson Station (Option III), Duquesne Light�s Elrama Station (Option IV), and New York State Electric and Gas Corporation�s (NYSEG) Kintigh Station (Option V). The originally planned testing has been completed for all six sites. However, additional testing is planned at the Big Bend Station. The remainder of this document is divided into four sections. Section 2, Project Summary, provides a brief overview of the status of technical efforts on this project. Section 3, Results, summarizes the outcome from technical efforts during …

Category 1 and 2 Special Nuclear Materials (SNM) require storage in vault or vault type rooms as specified in DOE orders 5633.3A and 6430.1A. All category 1 and 2 SNM in dry storage on the Hanford site that is managed by Westinghouse Hanford Co (WHC) is located in the 200 West Area at Plutonium Finishing Plant (PFP) facilities. This document provides current and projected SNM vault inventories in terms of storage space filled and forecasts available space for possible future storage needs.

Using an automated magnet measurement system employing a variety of current excitation ramps, extensive studies of the hysteretic behavior of magnet strength have been carried out. An analytic description which is accurate at better than 0.1% has been achieved. Prescriptions for setting field strength using these formulas will be adequate for multi-energy operation of the Fermilab Main Injector, for deceleration in the Main Injector and Accumulator and for multi-energy operation of various beamline magnets. An overview of this work is provided. Important regularities of the magnet behavior are identified.

In this paper we investigate the microstructural accommodation of nonstoichiometry in (Ba{sub x}Sr{sub 1{minus}x}Ti{sub 1+y}O{sub 3+z}) thin films grown by chemical vapor deposition. Films with three different (Ba+Sr)/Ti ratios of 49/51 (y=0.04 in the notation of the formula above), of 48/52 (y=0.08) and of 46.5/53.5 (y=O.15), were studied. High-resolution electron microscopy is used to study the microstructure of the BST films. High-spatial resolution electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) is used to reveal changes in chemistry and local atomic environment both at grain boundaries and within grains as a function of titanium excess. We find an amorphous phase at the grain boundaries and grain boundary segregation of excess titanium in the samples with y=0.15. In addition, EELS is also used to show that excess titanium is being partially accommodated in the grain interior. Implications for the film electrical and dielectric properties are outlined.

Recent budgetary shortfalls and hightened concern over balancing the federal budget have placed increasing demand on federal agencies to document the cost effectiveness of the programs they manage. In fact, the 1993 Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA) requires that by 1997 each executive agency prepare a Strategic Plan that includes measurable performance goals. By the year 2000, the first round of Annual Reports will become due which describes actual program performance. Despite the growing emphasis on measuring performance of government programs, the technology policy literature offers little in terms of models that program managers can implement in order to assess the cost effectiveness of the programs they manage. While GPRA will pose a major challenge to all federal government agencies, that challenge is particularly difficult for research-oriented agencies such as the Department of Energy. Its basic research programs provide benefits that are difficult to quantify since their values are uncertain with respect to timing, but are usually reflected in the value assigned to applied programs. The difficulty with quantifying benefits of applied programs relates to the difficulties of obtaining complete information on industries that have used DOE`s supported technologies in their production processes and data on cost-savings relative to …

The groundwater in the uppermost aquifer beneath the F-Area Hazardous Waste Management Facility (HWMF), also known as the F-Area Seepage Basins, at the Savannah Site (SRS) is monitored periodically for selected hazardous and radioactive constituents. This report presents the results of the required groundwater monitoring program.

The groundwater in the uppermost aquifer beneath the H-Area Hazardous Waste Management Facility (HWMF), also known as the H-Area Seepage Basins, at the Savannah Site (SRS) is monitored periodically for selected hazardous and radioactive constituents. This report presents the results of the required groundwater monitoring program.

It is clear that high-resolution synchrotrons X-ray powder diffraction is a very powerful and convenient tool for material characterization and structure determination. Most investigations to date have been carried out under ambient conditions and have focused on structure solution and refinement. The application of high-resolution techniques to increasingly complex structures will certainly represent an important part of future studies, and it has been seen how ab initio solution of structures with perhaps 100 atoms in the asymmetric unit is within the realms of possibility. However, the ease with which temperature-dependence measurements can be made combined with improvements in the technology of position-sensitive detectors will undoubtedly stimulate precise in situ structural studies of phase transitions and related phenomena. One challenge in this area will be to develop high-resolution techniques for ultra-high pressure investigations in diamond anvil cells. This will require highly focused beams and very precise collimation in front of the cell down to dimensions of 50 {micro}m or less. Anomalous scattering offers many interesting possibilities as well. As a means of enhancing scattering contrast it has applications not only to the determination of cation distribution in mixed systems such as the superconducting oxides discussed in Section 9.5.3, but also to …

This report discusses the Asian Financial Crisis: An Analysis of U.S. Foreign Policy Interests and Options.

The principal focus of this report is on the foreign policy ramifications of the Asian financial crisis and U.S. options for addressing them. This report tracks and analyzes the efforts of the most seriously affected Asian countries to deal with their economic and financial problems, and their interaction with the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the United States, and other major sources of financial support and policy advice. It also addresses the implications of the crisis for such U.S. interests as regional stability and the prevention of conflict, trade liberalization, and U.S. regional and global leadership, and discusses the principal factors that could influence the duration and severity of the crisis. A final section considers options for Congress in the context of various criticisms of the IMF’s stabilization programs and the operations of the Fund itself.

As a part of the Fermilab high field Nb{sub 3}Sn dipole development program, various issues of magnet technology are being investigated. In cable insulation development, S-2 fiber glass sleeve and a new ceramic insulation developed by Composite Technology Development Inc. (CTD) were studied as a possible candidates. For each type of insulation, Nb{sub 3}Sn ten-stack samples were reacted and then vacuum impregnated with epoxy. Measurements of modulus of elasticity and Poisson�s ratio under compression were made at room temperature and at 4.2 K. For comparison, an epoxy impregnated NbTi composite was also tested.

Recently, it has been proposed that the fundamental scale of quantum gravity can be close to the weak scale if there are large extra dimensions . This proposal has important phenomenological implications for processes at the TeV scale. We study the process {gamma}{gamma} {r_arrow} {gamma}{gamma}, assuming an ultraviolet cutoff M{sub S} {approximately} 1 TeV for the effective gravity theory. We find that, at center of mass energies {radical}s {approximately} 1 TeV, the contribution of gravitationally mediated scattering to the cross section is comparable to that coming from the one-loop Feynman diagrams of the Standard Model. We thus conclude that the effects of weak scale quantum gravity can be studied at the Next Linear Collider (NLC), in the photon collider mode. Our results suggest that, for typical proposed NLC energies and luminosities, the range 1 TeV {le} M{sub S} {le} 10 TeV can be probed.

Infrared thermal imaging has become increasingly popular as a nondestructive evaluation method for characterizing materials and detecting defects. One technique, which was utilized in this study, is front-flash thermal imaging. We have developed a thermal imaging system that uses this technique to characterize advanced material systems, including continuous fiber ceramic composite (CFCC) components. In a front-flash test, pulsed heat energy is applied to the surface of a sample, and decay of the surface temperature is then measured by the thermal imaging system. CFCC samples with drilled flat-bottom holes at the back surface (to serve as ''flaws'') were examined. The surface-temperature/time relationship was analyzed to determine the depths of the flaws from the front surface of the CFCC material. Experimental results on carbon/carbon and CFCC samples are presented and discussed.

This document addresses the environmental permitting requirements for the transportation and interim storage of solidified high-level waste (HLW) produced during Phase 1 of the Hanford Site privatization effort. Solidified HLW consists of canisters containing vitrified HLW (glass) and containers that hold cesium separated during low-level waste pretreatment. The glass canisters and cesium containers will be transported to the Canister Storage Building (CSB) in a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)-provided transportation cask via diesel-powered tractor trailer. Tri-Party Agreement (TPA) Milestone M-90 establishes a new major milestone, and associated interim milestones and target dates, governing acquisition and/or modification of facilities necessary for: (1) interim storage of Tank Waste Remediation Systems (TWRS) immobilized HLW (IHLW) and other canistered high-level waste forms; and (2) interim storage and disposal of TWRS immobilized low-activity tank waste (ILAW). An environmental requirements checklist and narrative was developed to identify the permitting path forward for the HLW interim storage (HLWIS) project (See Appendix B). This permitting plan will follow the permitting logic developed in that checklist.

This paper describes methods for solid phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The following are described: Effects of Resin Sulfonation on the Retention of Polar Organic Compounds in Solid Phase Extraction; Ion-Chromatographic Separation of Alkali Metals In Non-Aqueous Solvents; Cation-Exchange Chromatography in Non-Aqueous Solvents; and Silicalite As a Stationary Phase For HPLC.

This document is the final analytical laboratory report for the tank 241-AP-103 grab sample. One grab sample was collected from Riser 1{at}90{sup o} on March 19, 1997. Analyses were performed to verify compliance status with corrosion control criteria in accordance with the Letter of Instruction for Tank 241-AP-103 Grab Sample Analyses (LOI) (Field, 1997), the Compatibility Grab Sampling and Analysis Plan (TSAP) (Sasakid, 1997) and the Data Quality Objectives for Tank Farms Waste Compatibility Program (DQO) (Fowler, 1995). The sample results for pH were less than 12 indicating that the tank contents were caustic deficient. A notification for low hydroxide (< 0.01 M) was made to East Tank Farms Operations based on the pH result.

As part of a joint USA/USSR Environmental Agreement to determine the distribution and concentration of Chernobyl radioactivity in the northwest Black Sea area, the sediment from eight stations was collected and analyzed to assess the ability of sediment from the northwest Black Sea to adsorb radiocesium. Two methods were used to determine partitioning between liquid and solid phases; batch tests and porewater separation. In the batch test, Cs-137 tracer was added to mixtures of sediment and bottom water, with contact solutions ranging from 85 Bq/ml to 1760 Bq/ml. The distribution ratios (R{sub D}) for individual batch tests ranged from 390 to 1770 ml/g. Isotherms were linear for all cores and R{sub D} values calculated from the slopes of the isotherms ranged from 660 to 1660 ml/g. A second approach was used to determine the partitioning of Cs-137 between the porewater and the sediment under more natural conditions. The top 2 cm of two cores were sectioned and the sediment and the porewater were separated. In both samples the sediment contained significant amounts of Cs-137 and Cs-134 indicating the presence of fallout from the Chernobyl reactor accident. There was no cesium activity observed in the porewater at a minimum detectable level …

We have seen that many different types of intermolecular interactions in organic conducting cation radical salts. Hydrogen bonding between the donor molecules and the anions is weak but not negligible. The ionic Madelung energy is insufficient to completely intersperse anions and cations, thus the layers favored by the van der Waals interactions remain intact. The search for new conducting and superconducting salts has been mainly by trial-and-error methods, even though simple substitutions have been employed in order to obtain isostructural analogs of successful (e.g., superconducting) salts. However, even seemingly minor substitutions sometimes destroy the packing type, and different crystal structures result. Simulations with the aim at predicting crystal structures have not succeeded, mainly because the different interaction types are of comparable energy, and the delocalized and partial charges render the calculations of the ionic terms extremely unreliable. Clearly, the development of suitable crystal modeling techniques with predictive capabilities is one of the great needs of the field.