Israel: Background and Relations with the United States (open access)

Israel: Background and Relations with the United States

None
Date: April 4, 2006
Creator: Migdalovitz, Carol
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
North Korea's Nuclear Weapons Program (open access)

North Korea's Nuclear Weapons Program

None
Date: April 7, 2006
Creator: Niksch, Larry A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Iran: U.S. Concerns and Policy Responses (open access)

Iran: U.S. Concerns and Policy Responses

Report discussing the efforts made by the Bush Administration regarding Iran and U.S. foreign policy. The report also highlights major concerns surrounding Iran's human rights practices, strict limits on democracy, and connections to Islamic extremist groups who openly oppose the U.S.-led Middle East peace process.
Date: April 6, 2006
Creator: Katzman, Kenneth
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Taiwan: Major U.S. Arms Sales Since 1990 (open access)

Taiwan: Major U.S. Arms Sales Since 1990

None
Date: April 5, 2006
Creator: Kan, Shirley A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
War Powers Resolution: Presidential Compliance (open access)

War Powers Resolution: Presidential Compliance

Two separate but closely related issues confront Congress each time the President introduces armed forces into a situation abroad that conceivably could lead to their involvement in hostilities. One issue concerns the division of war powers between the President and Congress, whether the use of armed forces falls within the purview of the congressional power to declare war and the War Powers Resolution. The other issue is whether or not Congress concurs in the wisdom of the action. This issue brief does not deal with the substantive merits of using armed forces in specific cases, but rather with the congressional authorization for the action and the application and effectiveness of the War Powers Resolution. The purpose of the War Powers Resolution (P.L. 93-148, passed over President Nixon’s veto on November 7, 1973) is to ensure that Congress and the President share in making decisions that may get the U.S. involved in hostilities.
Date: April 5, 2006
Creator: Grimmett, Richard F.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Intelligence Issues for Congress (open access)

Intelligence Issues for Congress

This report discusses legislative initiatives to address the challenges facing the U.S. Intelligence Community in the 21st century.
Date: April 10, 2006
Creator: Best, Richard A., Jr.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Iran's Nuclear Program: Recent Developments (open access)

Iran's Nuclear Program: Recent Developments

This report examines various issues regard Iran and its nuclear program.International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) inspections since 2003 have revealed two decades’ worth of undeclared nuclear activities in Iran, including uranium enrichment and plutonium separation efforts. Iran agreed in 2003 to suspend its enrichment and reprocessing activities in exchange for promises of assistance from Germany, France, and the UK (EU-3), but negotiations broke down in August 2005. On September 24, 2005, the IAEA Board of Governors found Iran to be in noncompliance with its Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT) safeguards agreement (GOV/2005/77) and voted (GOV/2006/14) on February 4 to report Iran to the U.N. Security Council. The Security Council issued a presidential statement on March 29 that called upon Iran to reinstitute its voluntary suspension of enrichment and reprocessing and asked the IAEA to report on Iran’s compliance by April 28. On April 11, Iranian officials announced that they had enriched some uranium to 3.5% enrichment (fuel-grade).
Date: April 12, 2006
Creator: Squassoni, Sharon
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Broadband Internet Regulation and Access: Background and Issues (open access)

Broadband Internet Regulation and Access: Background and Issues

This is one part in the series of reports that provide a background and analysis, and most recent developments regarding broadband or high-speed Internet access. The report starts out by answering questions; what is broadband and why is it important? This report also discusses broadband technologies, the status of broadband deployment and the related policy issues, as well as the legislation in congress.
Date: April 14, 2006
Creator: Gilroy, Angele A. & Kruger, Lennard G.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Exempting Food and Agriculture Products from U.S. Economic Sanctions: Status and Implementation (open access)

Exempting Food and Agriculture Products from U.S. Economic Sanctions: Status and Implementation

Falling agricultural exports and declining commodity prices led farm groups and agribusiness firms to urge the 106th Congress to pass legislation exempting foods and agricultural commodities from U.S. economic sanctions against certain countries. In completing action on the FY2001 agriculture appropriations bill, Congress codified the lifting of unilateral sanctions on commercial sales of food, agricultural commodities, medicine, and medical products to Iran, Libya, North Korea, and Sudan, and extended this policy to apply to Cuba (Title IX of H.R. 5426, as enacted by P.L. 106-387; Trade Sanctions Reform and Export Enhancement Act of 2000). Related provisions place financing and licensing conditions on sales to these countries. Those that apply to Cuba, though, are permanent and more restrictive than for the other countries. Other provisions give Congress the authority in the future to veto a President's proposal to impose a sanction on the sale of agricultural or medical products.
Date: April 18, 2006
Creator: Jurenas, Remy
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Gasoline Prices: New Legislation and Proposals (open access)

Gasoline Prices: New Legislation and Proposals

This report discusses policy options for Congress regarding gas prices. The high price of gasoline was an important consideration during the debate on major energy legislation, which ended August 8 as the President signed the Energy Policy Act of 2005, H.R. 6 (P.L. 109-58). However, prices continued to surge, spiking at the end of August when Hurricane Katrina shut down refining operations in the Gulf of Mexico. The continuing crisis renewed attention to some issues that were dropped or compromised in the debate over P.L. 109-58. A large number of factors combined to put pressure on gasoline prices, including increased world demand for crude oil and U.S. refinery capacity inadequate to supply gasoline to a recovering national economy. The war and continued violence in Iraq added uncertainty and a threat of supply disruption that added pressure particularly to the commodity futures markets.
Date: April 21, 2006
Creator: Behrens, Carl E. & Glover, Carol
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Lebanon (open access)

Lebanon

This report provides background information and analysis on Lebanon. It discusses the political situation and its relation with U.S.
Date: April 25, 2006
Creator: Prados, Alfred B.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Pakistan-U.S. Relations (open access)

Pakistan-U.S. Relations

None
Date: April 13, 2006
Creator: Kronstadt, K. Alan
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Nuclear Arms Control: The U.S.-Russian Agenda (open access)

Nuclear Arms Control: The U.S.-Russian Agenda

None
Date: April 19, 2006
Creator: Woolf, Amy F.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Sudan: Humanitarian Crisis, Peace Talks, Terrorism, and U.S. Policy (open access)

Sudan: Humanitarian Crisis, Peace Talks, Terrorism, and U.S. Policy

None
Date: April 12, 2006
Creator: Dagne, Ted
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Korea: U.S.-Korean Relations - Issues for Congress (open access)

Korea: U.S.-Korean Relations - Issues for Congress

None
Date: April 14, 2006
Creator: Niksch, Larry A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy (open access)

Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy

The United States and its allies are helping Afghanistan emerging from more than 22 years of warfare, although substantial risk to Afghan stability remains. Before the U.S. military campaign against the orthodox Islamist Taliban movement began on October 7, 2001, Afghanistan had been mired in conflict since the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. The defeat of the Taliban has enabled the United States and its coalition partners to send forces throughout Afghanistan to search for Taliban and Al Qaeda fighters and leaders that remain at large, including Osama bin Laden. As the war against remaining Al Qaeda and Taliban elements winds down, the United States is shifting its military focus toward stabilizing the interim government, including training a new Afghan national army, and supporting the international security force (ISAF) that is helping the new government provide security.
Date: April 6, 2006
Creator: Katzman, Kenneth
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
China and Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction and Missiles: Policy Issues (open access)

China and Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction and Missiles: Policy Issues

Congress has long been concerned about whether U.S. policy advances the national interest in reducing the role of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and missiles that could deliver them. China has taken some steps to mollify U.S. concerns about its role in weapons proliferation. Skeptics question whether China's cooperation in weapons nonproliferation has warranted President Bush's pursuit of stronger bilateral ties. This report discusses the national security problem of China's role in weapons proliferation and issues related to the U.S. policy response, including legislation, since the mid-1990s.
Date: April 6, 2006
Creator: Kan, Shirley A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Immigration: Policy Considerations Related to Guest Worker Programs (open access)

Immigration: Policy Considerations Related to Guest Worker Programs

This report discusses of guest worker programs that takes place against a backdrop of historically high levels of unauthorized migration to the United States.
Date: April 6, 2006
Creator: Bruno, Andorra
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
China's Currency: Economic Issues and Options for U.S. Trade Policy (open access)

China's Currency: Economic Issues and Options for U.S. Trade Policy

When the U.S. runs a trade deficit with the Chinese, this requires a capital inflow from China to the United States. This, in turn, lowers U.S. interest rates and increases U.S. investment spending. On the negative side, lower priced goods from China may hurt U.S. industries that compete with those products, reducing their production and employment. In addition, an undervalued yuan makes U.S. exports to China more expensive, thus reducing the level of U.S. exports to China and job opportunities for U.S. workers in those sectors. However, in the long run, trade can affect only the composition of employment, not its overall level. Thus, inducing China to appreciate its currency would likely benefit some U.S. economic sectors, but would harm others, including U.S. consumers. Several estimates of the yuan’s undervaluation are evaluated in the report.
Date: April 18, 2006
Creator: Morrison, Wayne M. & Labonte, Marc
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
U.S. Immigration Policy on Permanent Admissions (open access)

U.S. Immigration Policy on Permanent Admissions

None
Date: April 17, 2006
Creator: Wasem, Ruth Ellen
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The U.N. Convention Against Torture: Overview of U.S. Implementation Policy Concerning the Removal of Aliens (open access)

The U.N. Convention Against Torture: Overview of U.S. Implementation Policy Concerning the Removal of Aliens

None
Date: April 4, 2006
Creator: Garcia, Michael John
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
High Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse (HEMP) and High Power Microwave (HPM) Devices: Threat Assessments (open access)

High Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse (HEMP) and High Power Microwave (HPM) Devices: Threat Assessments

This report discusses the assessment of the Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP), which is an instantaneous, intense energy field that can overload or disrupt at a distance numerous electrical systems and high technology microcircuits.
Date: April 14, 2006
Creator: Wilson, Clay
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Thailand: Background and U.S. Relations (open access)

Thailand: Background and U.S. Relations

None
Date: April 5, 2006
Creator: Chanlett-Avery, Emma
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
China-Southeast Asia Relations: Trends, Issues, and Implications for the United States (open access)

China-Southeast Asia Relations: Trends, Issues, and Implications for the United States

This report explores what is behind this shift in China - ASEAN relations and how it may affect American interests in the region. The key policy issue for Congress is to assess how the United States should view China’s expanding posture in Southeast Asia and decide what is the best way to react to this phenomenon. This report may be of assistance to Congressional decision makers as they review legislation such as H.Res. 43 or H.Con.Res. 33 (109th Congress).
Date: April 4, 2006
Creator: Vaughn, Bruce & Morrison, Wayne M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library