This report consists of a series of viewgraphs dealing with cost associated with construction of a thermonuclear power plant. (JDH)

This report describes background research for preparation of a plan for development of whole-building energy targets for new commercial buildings. The lead laboratory for this program is the Pacific Northwest Laboratory. A wide variety of expertise and resources from industry, academia, other government entities, and other DOE laboratories are used in planning, reviewing and conducting research activities. Cooperative and complementary research development, and technology transfer activities with other interested organizations are actively pursued.

A preliminary result on Bose-Einstein correlations is reported using the PEP-4 Time Projection Chamber facility. The data, from scattering 14.5 GeV electrons on nuclei, was taken at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center positron-electron (PEP) storage ring. Bose-Einstein (BE) correlations were measured from events having identified like-sign pion pairs. The particle identification and tracking capability of the Time Projection Chamber (TPC) was used to select like-sign pion pair events. The resulting correlation function for the data was fitted to a gaussian form R(q) = 1 + lambda exp(-q/sup 2/sigma/sup 2/) where q is the relative four-momentum difference of the pions. The fitted value to the chaoticity is lambda = 0.37 +- 0.19 and sigma = 1.37 +- 0.41 fermi. This result agrees with that from e/sup +/e/sup -/ annihilation data taken with the TPC. The operation of the TPC and the analysis of the data is explained. The feasibility of similar detectors for doing high energy electron scattering on nuclei at PEP is briefly discussed. 9 refs., 8 figs.

A new regime of enhanced energy confinement has been observed on TFTR with neutral beam injection at low plasma current. It is characterized by extremely peaked electron density profiles and broad electron temperature profiles. The electron temperature profile shapes violate the concept of profile consistency in which T/sub e/(O)/<T/sub e/>/sub v/ is assumed to be a tightly constrained function of q/sub a/, but they are in good agreement with a form of profile consistency based on examining the temperature profile shape outside the plasma core. The enhanced confinement regime is only obtained with a highly degassed limiter; in discharges with gas-filled limiters convective losses are calculated to dominate the edge electron power balance. Consistent with the constraint of profile consistency, global confinement is degraded in these cases. The best heating results in the enhanced confinement regime are obtained with nearly balanced co- and counter-injection. Much of the difference between balanced and co-only injection can be explained on the basis of classically predicted effects associated with plasma rotation.

A Plasma Erosion Opening Switch (PEOS) is used as the opening switch for a vacuum inductive storage system driven by a 1.8-MV, 1.6-TW pulsed power generator. A 135-nH vacuum inductor is current charged to approx.750 kA in 50 ns through the closed PEOS which then opens in <10 ns into an inverse ion diode load. Electrical diagnostics and nuclear activations from ions accelerated in the diode yield a peak load voltage (4.25 MV) and peak load power (2.8 TW) that are 2.4 and 1.8 times greater than ideal matched load values for the same generator pulse.

Ion temperature gradient drift instabilities have been investigated using gyrokinetic particle simulation techniques for the purpose of identifying the mechanisms responsible for their nonlinear saturation as well as the associated anomalous transport. For simplicity, the simulation has been carried out in a shear-free slab geometry, where the background pressure gradient is held fixed in time to represent quasistatic profiles typical of tokamak discharges. It is found that the nonlinearly generated zero-frequency responses for the ion parallel momentum and pressure are the dominant mechanisms giving rise to saturation. This is supported by the excellent agreement between the simulation results and those obtained from mode coupling calculations.

Recent findings from UA1 and ARGUS on B/sup 0/ - anti B/sup 0/ mixing brighten considerably the prospects of findings CP violation in B/sup 0/ decays. We sketch some semi-quantitative scenarios where we also address technical issues like the amount of time that is necessary. We point out that searching for the reaction UPSILON(4s) ..-->.. B/sup 0/ anti B/sup 0/ ..-->.. f/sub 1/, f/sub 2/, (where f/sub x/ = line integral), where f/sub 1/, f/sub 2/ are CP eigenstates of the same CP parity has a good chance of revealing CP violation. The tight upper bound on D/sup 0/ - anti D/sup 0/ mixing, namely 0.5-1%, still allows for CP asymmetries of up to 5% in (-) D/sup 0/ ..-->.. K/sup +/K/sup -/, K/sub s/K/sup +/K/sup -/.

The National Bureau of Standards (NBS), in conjunction with the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and the Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) community, is in the process of developing a /sup 10/Be//sup 9/Be isotopic solution Standard Reference Material (SRM). The starting /sup 10/Be//sup 9/Be solution was provided by the ORNL after Secondary Ionization Mass Spectrometric characterization for isotopic concentration. The radioactivity purity of the ORNL Master solution was confirmed by gamma-ray spectrometry, then diluted at NBS with solutions made from zone-refined single-crystal beryllium metal and sub-boiling double-distilled hydrochloric acid. Four serial dilutions were necessary to achieve a final /sup 10/Be//sup 9/Be isotopic composition of approximately 3 x 10/sup -11/ (g/g). The accuracy of the dilutions was confirmed by liquid scintillation and AMS measurements. The isotopic composition of the ORNL Master solution was also confirmed at NBS by Resonant Ionization Mass Spectrometry. The isotopic composition of the final solution is being affirmed at the present time through international laboratory AMS measurements.

Recommended criteria are given for the performance of Advanced Photon Source (APS), taking into consideration undulator tunability criteria and their relationship to the storage ring energy and undulator gap, length of straight sections.

As part of an overall effort on the validation of seismic calculational methods, the US NRC/RES is collaborating with the Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe, FRG, in the vibrational/earthquake experiments conducted at the HDR (Heissdampfreaktor) Test Facility in Kahl/Main, FRG. In the most recent experiments (SHAG), high level excitations were produced in the HDR by means of an eccentric-mass coastdown shaker capable of developing 1000 tons of force. The purpose of the experiments was to investigate full-scale structural response, soil-structure interaction, and piping and equipment response. Data obtained in the tests serve to evaluate analysis methods. In the SHAG experiments, loadings of the HDR soil-structure system approached incipient failure levels as evidenced by high peak accelerations and displacements, local damage, nonlinear behavior, soil subsidence, and wall strains which exceeded estimated limit values. Also, the performance of different pipe hanger configurations for the VKL piping system was compared in these tests under high excitation levels. The support configurations ranged from very rigid systems (strut/snubbers) to very flexible configurations (spring and constant force supports). Pretest and post-test analyses for the building/soil and piping response were performed and are being validated with the test data.

Standard eikonal theory reduces, to N=1, the order of the system of equations underlying wave propagation in inhomogeneous plasmas. The condition for this remarkable reducibility is that only one eigenvalue of the unreduced NxN dispersion matrix D(k,x) vanishes at a time. If, however, two or more eigenvalues of D become simultaneously small, the geometric optics reduction scheme becomes singular. These regions are associated with linear mode conversion, and are described by higher order systems. A new reduction scheme based on congruent transformations of D is developed, and it is shown that, in ''degenerate'' plasma regions, a partial reduction of order is possible. The method comprises a constructive step-by-step procedure, which, in the most frequent (doubly) degenerate case, yields a second order system, describing the pairwise mode conversion problems, the solution of which in general geometry has been found recently.

A field-aligned eigenode analysis of compressional Alfven instabilities has been performed for a two component anisotropic plasma in a dipole magnetic field. The eigenmode equations are derived from the gyrokinetic equations in the long wavelength (k rho < 1) and low frequency (..omega.. < ..omega../sub b/) limits, where rho is the hot particle gyroradius and ..omega../sub b/ is the hot particle bounce frequency. Two types of compressional instabilities are identified. One is the drift mirror mode which has an odd parity compressional magnetic component with respect to the magnetic equator. The other is the drift compressional mode with an even parity compressional magnetic component. For typical storm time plasma parameters neargeosynchronous orbit, the drift mirror mode is most unstable and the drift compressional mode is stable. The storm time compressional Pc 5 waves, observed by multiple satellites during November 14-15, 1979 (Takahashi et al., 1987), can be explained by the drift mirror instability.

A pedagogical discussion is given of a lattice calculation of epsilon'. The method is outlined, and preliminary results are presented. They suggest that epsilon'/epsilon may be reduced from previous estimates by 60-70%.

Experimental tests of quantum chromodynamics are discussed in the e/sup +/e/sup -/ continuum, in pp and anti p p collisions, in measurements of ..cap alpha../sub s/ from UPSILON decays, in deep inelastic lepton scattering, and in the measurement of the photon structure function. A large body of data relating to the testing of quantum chromodynamics is reviewed, showing qualitative agreement between the data from a wide range of processes and QCD. 66 refs., 79 figs. (LEW)

One of the main objectives of this project is to investigate the low temperature ([le] 290[degrees]C) depolymerization-liquefaction reactions of representative US coals using a 3-step procedure recently developed in our Laboratory. The procedure involves subjecting the coal first to two consecutive depolymerization steps in which different types of intercluster linkages are subjected to preferential cleavage. The depolymerized products obtained have low molecular weights and consist predominantly of monocluster compounds. In the third step of the procedure these simplified depolymerization products are subjected to hydroprocessing and attendant exhaustive hydrodeoxygenation to yield light liquid hydrocarbon mixtures as main products. It is planned under the research program to adapt and optimize the above indicated procedure for US coals of different rank, and to examine the feasibility of the new processing concept for conversion of these coals into light liquid hydrocarbon fuels. A second major objective of the research program is to subject the lowtemperature depolymerization products (obtained by the first two consecutive steps) to exhaustive structural analysis for the purpose of deriving average structural models for the coals under investigation. Such models are expected to be useful as fingerprints for identification and differentiation of various representative US coals.

This report was prepared for the Semiconductor Industry and the National Laboratories Workshop held at the National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, February 24, 1987. It details the current Sandia program activities relevant to microelectronics fabrication.

The Console system contains multiple, redundant workstations that enable operator to monitor alarms, assess incidents, and dispatch field personnel. Each workstation is heavily computerized and incorporates automatic video switching and recording, integrated radio and telephone communications, and an advanced high-resolution map and incident-display system. Operation of the workstation is closely integrated with the map display system, allowing an operators to readily pan and zoom. Objects of security interest are overlaid on the map using color. Access to alarm sensor information, entry-control device status, and the closed-circuit television system is obtained by zooming into an area and selecting the appropriate icons or symbols on the maps. Control menus are overlaid on the map. Several large databases have been closely integrated with the map display system, providing access to information such as telephone numbers and building or room occupants. An expert system is currently being integrated with the map display system. Object state changes are interpreted by a rule-based inference engine. Incidents are overlaid on the map.

This report calculates the neutron fluence from collisions at the superconducting super collider. The motivation for these calculations is shielding considerations in the collision halls of the collider. (JDH)

Analysis of the solid phase of portland cement specimens by energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry before and after leaching provided elemental profiles within the cement. Releases of potassium were calculated from the solid phase profiles and were compared to releases determined from leachate analyses of potassium and cesium-137. The fraction of potassium released in the leachate was found to correlate closely to that of cesium-137 under varying time and temperature conditions, despite the different manner in which each was originally contained in the cement. Agreement was obtained among potassium releases as determined from the solid, potassium in the leachate and cesium-137 in the leachate. These correlations allowed the use of potassium as an analog for cesium-137 in cement. Profiles of potassium in the solid showed varying degrees of depletion. A specimen, sectioned immediately after leaching for 471 days, showed complete removal of potassium to 9 mm depth from the specimens surface. From 9 mm to the center of the specimen, an apparently linear increase in concentration was observed. Specimens that had been air dried prior to sectioning had profiles that were produced by evaporative transport of dissolved species toward the surface. Carbonation of the surface appears to have retarded migration of …

This report presents an economic feasibility study for a wood-gasification-based methanol plant. The objectives were to evaluate the current commercial potential of a small-scale, wood-fed methanol plant using the SERI oxygen-blown, pressurized, down-draft gasifier technology and to identify areas requiring further R and D. The gasifier gas composition and material balance were based on a computer model of the SERI gasifier since acceptable test data were not available. The estimated capital cost was based on the Nth plant constructed. Given the small size and commercial nature of most of the equipment, N was assumed to be between 5 and 10. Only large discrepancies in gasifier output would result in significant charges in capital costs. 47 figs., 55 tabs.

The objective of the TFE program is to demonstrate the technological readiness of a thermionic fuel element suitable for use as the basic element in a thermionic reactor with electric power output in the .5 to 5.0 MWe range, with a full-power life of 7 years. This report summarizes the technical results obtained in this program. Information presented here contains evaluated test data, designs, and experimental results. (JDB)

A method for measuring the in situ flow properties of high-level radioactive waste (HLW) sludges has been developed at Pacific Northwest Laboratory, along with a preconceptual design for a shear vane device that can be installed in underground HLW storage tanks and used to make those measurements remotely. The data obtained with this device will assist in the design of mixing equipment used to resuspend and remove HLW sludges from their storage tanks for downstream processing. This method is also suitable for remotely characterizing other types of waste sludges and slurries. Commonly available viscometric methods were adapted to allow characterization of sludge samples in the laboratory such that the laboratory and in-tank data can be directly compared (scaled up). Procedures for conducting measurements and analyzing the results in terms of useful mathematical models describing both start-up and steady-state flow behavior are presented, as is a brief tutorial on the types of flow behavior that can be exhibited by tank sludges. 30 refs., 36 figs., 14 tabs.

We report recent results on charmed meson decays, obtained using the Mark III detector at SPEAR. The first topic discussed is the observation of e/sup +/e/sup -/ ..-->.. D/sub s/D/sub s/* at ..sqrt..s = 4.14 GeV. The D/sub s/* is detected as a peak in the mass distribution recoiling from D/sub s//sup + -/ ..-->.. phi..pi../sup + -/. The mass of the D/sub s/* is found to be (2109.3 +- 2.1 +- 3.1)MeV/c/sup 2/, yielding a D/sub s/*-D/sub s/ mass difference of (137.9 +- 2.1 +- 4.3) MeV/c/sup 2/. The production cross section times branching ratio is also measured. Next, a search for the decay D/sup +/ ..-->.. ..mu../sup +/nu/sub ..mu../ is described. A preliminary upper limit (90% CL) on B(D/sup +/ ..-->.. ..mu../sup +/nu/sub ..mu../) of 8.4 x 10/sup -4/ is obtained, corresponding to an upper limit on the decay constant f/sub D/ of 340 MeV/c/sup 2/. Finally, we present results of a search for the lepton family number violating decay D/sup 0/ ..-->.. ..mu..e. We find B(D/sup 0/ ..-->.. ..mu..e) < 1.5 x 10/sup -4/ at 90% CL.

We investigate the stability of a static, infinitely long and straight vacuum string solution under inhomogeneous axisymmetric time-dependent perturbations. We find it to be perturbatively stable. We further extend our work by finding a string solutions in an expanding Universe. The back reaction of the string on the gravitational field has been ignored. The background is assumed to be a Friedman-Robertson-Walker (FRW) cosmology. By numerically integrating the field equations in a radiation and matter dominated models, we discover oscillatory solutions. The possible damping of these oscillations is discussed. For late times the solution becomes identical to the static one studied in the first part of the paper. 19 refs., 8 figs.