The hydrology of the active layer of a watershed is described. In the annual hydrologic cycle, snowmelt is the most significant event at Imnavait Creek located near Toolik Lake, Alaska. Precipitation that has accumulated for more than 6 months on the surface melts in a relatively short period of 7 to 10 days once sustained melting occurs. Significant runoff events are few. Convective storms covering relatively small areas on the North Slope of Alaska can produce significant small-scale events in a small watershed scale,but these events are rapidly attenuated outside the basin. Data collection began in August 1984. We have continuously monitored the hydrologic, the meteorologic, and the soil's physical conditions. Information was collected through implementation of four snowmelt runoff plots and measurements of essential microclimate parameters. Soil moisture and temperature profiles were measured adjacent to each snowmelt runoff plot, and heat flux is collected adjacent to one of these plots. Meteorological parameters were measured locally. The water content of the snowpack prior to snowmelt was measured throughout the watershed and measured daily adjacent to each plot during snowmelt. The stream draining the basin was measured regularly during the spring melt event to provide information on watershed runoff rates and …

In 1979, the US Department of Energy provided the American Public Gas Association (APGA) with a grant to demonstrate the feasibility of bringing unconventional gas such as methane produced from coalbeds or Devonian Shale directly into publicly owned utility system distribution lines. In conjunction with this grant, a seven-year program was initiated where a total of sixteen wells were drilled for the purpose of providing this untapped resource to communities who distribute natural gas. While coalbed degasification ahead of coal mining was already a reality in several parts of the country, the APGA demonstration program was aimed at actual consumer use of the gas. Emphasis was therefore placed on degasification of coals with high methane gas content and on utilization of conventional oil field techniques. 13 figs.

This paper presents an adaptation of the Block Cyclic Reduction (BCR) algorithm for a multi-vector processor. The main bottleneck of BCR lies in the solution of linear systems whose coefficient matrix is the product of tridiagonal matrices. This bottleneck is handled by expressing the rational function corresponding to the inverse of this product as a sum of elementary fractions. As a result the solution of this system leads to parallel solutions of tridiagonal systems. Numerical experiments performed on an Alliant FX/8 are reported. 11 refs., 1 tab.

Over the past years, the DOE Contractors have produced a great deal of work that has been extensively reviewed and criticized by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), the Materials Review Board (MRB) of the DOE, the Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards (ACRS), and the technical support group at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). Common aspects of the reviews and criticisms have provided information on the level of evidence required by the scientific community to defend performance claims. Important indicators of the type of evidence that the NRC will require for favorable decisions of reasonable assurance also can be obtained from 10 CFR 60 and its rationale, from NRC guides and Technical Position papers, from past reviews of the DOE programs by NRC Contractors, and from the use of reasonable assurance by the NRC in its 1984 Waste Confidence Decision. This report describes general concepts related to the acceptability and unacceptability of the level of evidence needed to defend claims with reasonable assurance. The concepts were formulated on the basis of analyses of the NRC position papers, and of common aspects of the reviews and criticisms dealing with compliance demonstration.

During the past decade, synchrotron radiation emitted by circulating electron beams has come into wide use as a powerful, versatile source of x-rays for probing the structure of matter and for studying various physical processes. Several synchrotron radiation facilities with different designs and characteristics are now in regular operation throughout the world, with recent additions in this country being the 0.8-GeV and 2.5-GeV rings of NSLS at Brookhaven National Laboratory. However, none of the operating facilities has been designed to use a low-emittance, high-energy stored beam, together with modern undulator devices, to produce a large number of hard x-ray beams of extremely high brilliance. This document is a proposal to the Department of Energy to construct and operate high-energy synchrotron radiation facility at Argonne National Laboratory. We have now chosen to set the design energy of this facility at 7.0 GeV, with the capability to operate at up to 7.5 GeV.

The Biology and Medicine Division continues to make important contributions in scientific areas in which it has a long-established leadership role. For 50 years the Division has pioneered in the application of radioisotopes and charged particles to biology and medicine. There is a growing emphasis on cellular and molecular applications in the work of all the Division's research groups. The powerful tools of genetic engineering, the use of recombinant products, the analytical application of DNA probes, and the use of restriction fragment length polymorphic DNA are described and proposed for increasing use in the future.

Since beam stability depends to a considerable degree on the stability of the magnet power supplies, and it is desired to push for 3 GeV operation, it was required that new power supplies be obtained for the quadrupoles and sextupoles. These power supplies were to have the lowest ripple that could be reasonably achieved, and were to have a current regulation of better than 10 PPM. In addition, since they operate over a 5 : 1 voltage range, it was considered desirable to ensure that they operated with a good power factor over the operating range. The dipole power supply was modified to use the techniques employed in the smaller supplies.

This bibliography is divided into three sections, ''References,'' ''Target Index,'' and ''Residual Index.'' The ''References'' section contains all references satisfying the following criteria: excitation functions, thick targets, or product yield leading to the formation of a ground or metastable state; the atomic mass and charge of the incident particle must be greater than or equal to1; the atomic mass of the target must be greater than or equal to1; and the atomic masses of the outgoing and residual nuclei must be greater than or equal to1 with the exception of processes which do not lead to a definite residual nucleus and of gamma-ray production cross sections. The ''Target Index'' section contains the incident particle energy and the abbreviated reference lines for all the entries, which contain information on a definite target nucleus and reaction. These reference lines contain the Journal name, followed by the volume and page number. The ''Residual Index'' section also contains the incident particle energy and the abbreviated reference lines for all the entries, which contain information on a definite residual nucleus and a definite target-reaction.

This paper describes the data acquisition system planned for the SLD detector, which is being constructed for use with the SLAC Linear Collider (SLC). Analog electronics, heavily incorporating hybrid and custom VLSI circuitry, is mounted on the detector itself. Extensive use is made of multiplexing through optical fibers to a FASTBUS readout system. The low repetition rate of the SLC allows a relatively simple software-based trigger. Hardware and software processors within the acquisition modules are used to reduce the large volume of data per event and to calibrate the electronics. A farm of microprocessors is used for full reconstruction of a sample of events prior to transmission to the host.

This document shows analytic solutions to the problem of hydrogeologic transport of radionuclides released from finite areal sources into a planar fracture. It illustrates the solutions through numerical and graphical displays of the spatial and temporal distribution of the radionuclides as a result of advection in the fracture, transverse dispersion and surface sorption, as well as diffusion into and sorption in the rock matrix. The numerical illustrations indicate that sufficient distances away from the sources equivalent single sources give acceptable approximations. 2 refs., 3 figs.

Contrary to other claims, we argue that, bulk viscosity associated with the interactions of nonrelativistic particles with relativistic particles around the time of the grand unified theory (GUT) phase transition cannot lead to inflation. Simply put, the key ingredient for inflation, negative pressure, cannot arise due to the bulk viscosity effects of a weakly-interacting mixture of relativistic and nonrelativistic particles. 13 refs., 1 fig.

Motivated by the question of missing exclusive branching fractions in tau decays, mostly suspected to be in one prong decays with neutrals, we have studied the decay tau ..-->.. rho nu in tau pair production by e/sup +/e/sup -/ annihilation at ..sqrt..s = 3.77 GeV. The branching fraction is measured to be B(tau ..-->.. rho nu) = (23.0 +- 1.3 +- 1.7)% consistent with known measurements and not offering a solution to the branching ratio question. No eta signal in the ..gamma gamma.. mass spectrum pointing to a decay tau ..-->.. eta ..pi.. nu is obvious. An upper limit on this branching fraction is given.

The results of the environmental monitoring program conducted at Site A/Plot M in the Palos Park Forest Preserve area for CY 1986 are presented. The monitoring program reflects remedial action subsequent to the original radiological characterization of the site. The program consists of sample collection and analysis of air, surface and subsurface water, and bottom sediment to determine the migration pathway of water from the burial ground (Plot M) to hand-operated picnic wells, establish if buried radionuclides other than hydrogen-3 have migrated, and generally characterize the radiological environment of the area. New studies include the migration of non-radiological hazardous waste constituents that may have been buried with the radioactive waste, based on an analysis of borehole water samples for selected heavy metals and organic compounds. Hydrogen-3 in the Red Gate Woods picnic well continued to show the same pattern of elevated levels in the winter and low concentrations in the summer, but the magnitude of the winter peak was significantly less than in earlier years. Recent measurements indicate the presence of strontium-90 in borehole water next to Plot M. The program established that the radioactivity remaining at Site A/Plot M does not endanger the health or safety of the public …

Bounds on charged Higgs masses and couplings in models with two Higgs doublets are examined that came from CP violation in the neutral K system. Bounds on charged Higgs masses and couplings in two Higgs doublet models are also obtained from their effects on neutral-B-meson mixing. The bounds are found to be comparable to those obtained with additional assumptions from the neutral K system. The three generation phase invariant measure of CP violation is shown to satisfy a simple and solvable renormalization group equation. Its value is seen to fall by four to eight orders of magnitude between the weak and grand unification scales in the standard model, as well as in its two Higgs and supersymmetric extensions. (LEW)

A short review of the physics goals and the status of the SLC is followed by a discussion of the energy spectrometer with center-of-mass energy resolution on a pulse-to-pulse basis of +-50 MeV/c/sup 2/. The status of the SLC polarization experiment is discussed. The expected physics program of the Mark II is given.

Classification of the sawteeth observed in the TFTR tokamak has been carried out to highlight the differences between the many types observed. Three types of sawteeth are discussed: ''simple,'' ''small,'' and ''compound.'' During the enhanced confinement discharges on TFTR, sawteeth related to q = 1 are usually not present, but a sawtooth-like event is sometimes observed. ..beta.. approaches the Troyon limit only at low q/sub cyl/ with a clear reduction of achievable ..beta../sub n/ at high q/sub cyl/. This suggests that a ..beta../sub p/ limit, rather than the Troyon-Gruber limit, applies at high q/sub cyl/ in the enhanced confinement discharges. These discharges also reach the stability boundary for n ..-->.. infinity ideal MHD ballooning modes. Turbulence measurements in the scrape-off region with Langmuir and magnetic probes show strong edge density turbulence n-tilde/n = 0.3 - 0.5, with weak magnetic turbulence B-tilde/sub theta/B/sub theta/ > 5 x 10/sup -6/ measured at the wall, but these measurements are very sensitive to local edge conditions.

Advantages of the one-campus superconducting super collider with bypass-clustered Interaction Region arrangement are enumerated. Designs for double-bypass arrangements with 4 and 6 interaction points are examined and presented. Compared to the conceptual design given in the Conceptual Design Report, the only drawback identified is the additional dipoles required which amounts to approx.20% for the 6 Interaction Point arrangements and approx.10% for the 4 Interaction Point arrangements. (LSP)

This investigation tests the hypothesis that ration protein quality can influence the survival of smolts and the ultimate return of adults. The general approach being used involves a comparison of coho and chinook salmon reared on rations containing very high quality protein derived from vacuum dried meals and commercial rations relying on commercial fish meal as a source of protein. Survival and return of replicate brood-years of coded wire tagged test and control fish are being used to determine the influence of ration on survival. Project rearing and release of tagged fish to date include 1982, 1983, and 1984-brood replicates of coho salmon; the 1983 and 1984-brood replicates of fall chinook (tule stock salmon; and the 1985-brood of fall chinook (up-river-bright stock) salmon. The 1985-brood year replicate of coho salmon is presently being reared and has been tagged for release in April 1987. The rearing of the 1986-brood replicate of fall chinook (up-river-bright stock) salmon has been initiated. This report covers the rearing and release of the 1984-brood coho and the 1985-brood fall chinook (up-river-bright stock) salmon. Plasma cortisol and thyroxine (T/sub 4/) level, gill Na/sup +//K/sup +/-ATPase, osmoregulatory performance, immunocompetency and total hepatic/gill microsomal lipid content were monitored from …

This paper describes some recent developments in computing and stresses their application in accelerator control systems. Among the advances that promise to have a significant impact are (1) low cost scientific workstations; (2) the use of ''windows'', pointing devices and menus in a multi-tasking operating system; (3) high resolution large-screen graphics monitors; (4) new kinds of high bandwidth local area networks. The relevant features are related to a general accelerator control system. For example, this paper examines the implications of a computing environment which permits and encourages graphical manipulation of system components, rather than traditional access through the writing of programs or ''canned'' access via touch panels.

The specific heats, C, of 5 samples of La/sub 1.85/M/sub 0.15/CuO/sub 4-y/ (M = Ca, Sr, Ba), one sample of La/sub 2/CuO/sub 4-y/, and one sample of YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 9-y/ have been measured between 0.4 and 40K, in magnetic fields, H, to 7T. For the La/sub 1.85/M/sub 0.15/CuO/sub 4-y/ samples the H dependence of C near T/sub c/ and near 1K, where C is dominated by the electronic contribution, gives information about the fraction of the sample that is a bulk superconductor and the density of electronic states. The fraction of bulk superconductivity indicated by the Meissner effect does not correlate well with that indicated by C. La/sub 2/CuO/sub 4-y/ has a linear term in C, in qualitative agreement with a theoretical prediction.

We present tables of thermodynamic properties, and dew and bubble properties, of a mixture of 90 mol % isobutane and 10 mol % isopentane, a working fluid in a binary geothermal power cycle. The tables are generated by a formulation of the Helmholtz free energy, in which the mixture properties are mapped onto the known properties of pure isobutane by means of the principle of generalized corresponding states. The data base for the Helmholtz free energy formulation is new. We report data obtained in three different apparatus: critical-line and isopentane vapor pressure data obtained in a visual cell; vapor-liquid equilibria data obtained in a mercury-operated variable-volume cell; and pressure-volume-temperature data for the 90 mol %-10 mol % mixture obtained in a semi-automated Burnett-isochoric apparatus. The principles of the methods, and estimates of the reliability, are discussed and all experimental data are compared with the surface. The results are tables of specific volume, enthalpy, entropy, specific heat and density and temperature derivatives of the pressure at 10 K temperature increments from 240 to 600 K along isobars from 0.01 to 20 MPa. Separate tables are prepared from the dew and bubble properties of the 90-10 mixture. Estimates of the effects of …

The physical nature of beamstrahlung during beam-beam interaction in linear colliders is reviewed. We first make the distinction between a dense beam and a dilute beam. We then review the characteristics of synchrotron radiation (SR) and bremsstrahlung, and argue that for a wide range of beam parameters beamstrahlung is SR in nature, even if the beam is dilute. Some issues concerning the specific conditions in beamstrahlung as SR are then discussed. Finally we suggest that in order to suppress beamstrahlung energy loss and to improve energy resolution, it is desirable to partition a bunch into a train of bunchlets, where the length of each bunchlet is shorter than the SR convergence length.

An investigation of luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) was begun by the US Department of Energy (DOE) at Owens-Illinois, Inc., in 1978. Experimental and theoretical results of that investigation are summarized in this report. An assessment of the LSC technology was compiled to provide a concise description to guide future research in this field. Since 1978, tremendous progress was made in the development of this device as a practical nonimaging concentrator for achieving solar concentration ratios on the order of 10X. The two most important technical achievements appear to be first, the understanding that dye self-absorption of radiated energy is not as serious a problem as originally thought; and second, the demonstration that organic dyes in polymeric hosts are capable of surviving outdoors in bright sunlight for years without serious degradation. System efficiencies approaching 4% have been achieved for photovoltaic conversion and theoretical efficiencies on the order of 9% appear feasible for large-area devices.

A model reproducing the predictions of relativistic quantum theory to any desired degree of accuracy is described in this paper. It involves quantities that are independent of the observer's knowledge, and therefore can be called real, and which are defined at each point in space, and therefore can be called local in a rudimentary sense. It involves faster-than-light, but not instantaneous, action at distance.