The objectives of this study were two-fold: (1) develop building response calibration factors, i.e., factors which relate best estimate or median level response to responses calculated by selected design procedures. Soil-structure interaction was the phenomenon of interest because significant simplifications are frequently introduced in its treatment; and (2) the second objective can be viewed in the context of a question: what effect does placing an identical structure on different sites and with different foundation conditions have on structure response. The structure selected for this study is a part of the Zion AFT complex. Only the auxiliary, fuel-handling, and diesel generator buildings were studied. This structure is a connected group of shear-wall buildings constructed of reinforced concrete, typical of nuclear power plant structures. The bases of comparison for this study were structure responses: peak in-structure accelerations (27 components), and peak wall forces and moments (111 components). In-structure response spectra were also considered. This appendix contains in-structure response spectra comparisons in detail.

We discuss the dependence of many features of laser-plasma interaction physics on both the laser wavelength and plasma dimensions. Experimental results that are presented include absorption, stimulated Brillouin scattering, suprathermal electron production, and optical signatures of the two plasmon decay and stimulated Raman instabilities. While the experiments show beneficial effects of decreasing laser wavelength on the coupling physics, the mix and efficiency of the various interaction processes is shown to be strongly dependent on the size of the underdense plasma. 42 refs., 20 figs., 5 tabs.

The objectives of this project are to measure, through the use of laboratory combustors, those conditions which promote complete combustion of wood volatiles in residential wood burning equipment. The conditions of interest are combustion temperature, residence time, stoichiometry, and air mixing. The project objectives are met through two laboratory approaches: (1) model compound studies: in order to measure the overall rates of oxidative pyrolysis of biomass volatiles, and to determine the types of intermediate organic species which are likely to form as part of this process, model compounds have been reacted in a specialized jet-stirred reactor, which has been developed as part of this research. (2) high-intensity wood combustion: in order to study the clean combustion of wood, that is, to investigate the conceptual design features required for clean burning, and to ascertain the levels and types of pollutant and condensible species which are most difficult to oxidize, a high-intensity, research wood combustor has been developed and examined for the different phases of the wood burning cycle. Although the objectives of the project have been met, it has not been possible, because of support limitations, to thoroughly explore several interesting aspects which have arisen because of this research. For example, …

Three special instruments have been designed to support plant operations at the Heber geothermal power plant in Heber, California. All are aids to give operating information which no commercial instruments can provide. The first is a package for determining CO/sub 2/ breakout conditions for a particular brine. Brine is sampled continuously at either the wellhead or the plant inlet. A temperature-pressure curve is generated which will span all possible operating combinations. That information tells designers or operators what pump pressures must be used to keep the CO/sub 2/ in solution. A second package unit will detect the presence of ppM levels of isobutane in either brine or water streams. It samples actual flowing brine streams continuously. The function is to alert operators when leaks are occurring in heat exchangers. A final unit senses water in flowing hydrocarbon streams. The sampled streams can be either liquid or vapor. Sensitivity is close to actual solubility limit for water in isobutane. This device warns operators when their hydrocarbon has been contaminated with brine (or cooling water).

Radon-222 is an important indoor air pollutant which, through the inhalation of its radioactive decay products, accounts for nearly half of the effective dose equivalent to the public from natural ionizing radiation. Indoor radon concentrations vary widely, largely because of local and regional differences in the rate of entry from sources. The major sources are soil and rock near building foundations, earth-based building materials, and domestic water; of these, soil and rock are thought to be predominant in many buildings with higher-than-average concentrations. Thus, one key factor in determining radon source potential is the concentration of radium, the progenitor of radon, in surficial rocks and soils. Aerial radiometric data were analyzed, collected for the National Uranium Resource Evaluation Program, for seven Western states to: (1) provide information on the spatial distribution of radium contents in surficial geologic materials for those states; and (2) investigate approaches for using the aerial data, which have been collected throughout the contiguous United States and Alaska, to identify areas where high indoor radon levels may be common. Radium concentrations were found to be relatively low in central and western portions of Washington, Oregon, and northern California; they were found to be relatively high in central …

An overview is given of the following tasks related to laser isotope separation: Triton beam delivery optics, dye chain relay optics, CVL beam delivery, and optical delay line.

This report describes a microcomputer-based, single-project financial analysis program: BREEDER. BREEDER is a user-friendly model designed to facilitate frequent and rapid analyses of the financial implications associated with alternative design and financing strategies for electric generating plants and large-scale prototype breeder (LSPB) reactors in particular. The model has proved to be a useful tool in establishing cost goals for LSPB reactors. The program is available on floppy disks for use on an IBM personal computer (or IBM look-a-like) running under PC-DOS or a Kaypro II transportable computer running under CP/M (and many other CP/M machines). The report documents version 1.5 of BREEDER and contains a user's guide. The report also includes a general overview of BREEDER, a summary of hardware requirements, a definition of all required program inputs, a description of all algorithms used in performing the construction-period and operation-period analyses, and a summary of all available reports. The appendixes contain a complete source-code listing, a cross-reference table, a sample interactive session, several sample runs, and additional documentation of the net-equity program option.

The objective of this study was to determine the most cost-effective power cycle for utilizing the Makushin Volcano geothermal resource to generate electricity for the towns of Unalaska and Dutch Harbor. It is anticipated that the geothermal power plant would be intertied with a planned conventional power plant consisting of four 2.5 MW diesel-generators whose commercial operation is due to begin in 1987. Upon its completion in late 1988, the geothermal power plant would primarily fulfill base-load electrical power demand while the diesel-generators would provide peak-load electrical power and emergency power at times when the geothermal power plant would be partially or completely unavailable. This study compares the technical, environmental, and economic adequacy of five state-of-the-art geothermal power conversion processes. Options considered are single- and double-flash steam cycles, binary cycle, hybrid cycle, and total flow cycle.

The ejection of atoms by the ion bombardment of solids is discussed in terms of linear collision cascade theory. A simple argument describes the energies of the ejecta, but elaborate models are required to obtain accurate sputtering yields and related quantities. These include transport theoretical models based on linearized Boltzmann equations, computer simulation models based on the binary collision approximation, and classical many-body dynamical models. The role of each kind of model is discussed. Several aspects of sputtering are illustrated by results from the simulation code MARLOWE. 20 references, 6 figures.

Recent klystron developments at SLAC are described. The standard 40 MW klyston, which typically operates at 35 MW on the SLAC linac, is the starting point for the push to higher peak and average power. The standard tube is capable of a 2.5 ..mu..s rf pulse width at 360 pps. For the SLC a 50 MW klystron capable of 5 ..mu..s pulse width at 180 pps is under development. Another tube currently being worked on is a 150 MW klystron capable of 1 ..mu..s rf and 180 pps. Design criteria and actual operating experience for both developmental tubes are described. 10 references, 11 figures, 3 tables.

The Model M-2 maintenance system is the first completely digitally controlled servomanipulator. The M-2 system allows dexterous operations to be performed remotely using bilateral force-reflecting master/slave techniques, and its integrated operator interface takes advantage of touch-screen-driven menus to allow selection of all possible operating modes. The control system hardware for this system has been described previously. This paper describes the architecture of the overall control system. The system's various modes of operation are identified, the software implementation of each is described, system diagnostic routines are described, and highlights of the computer-augmented operator interface are discussed. 3 references, 5 figures.

A prototype coincidence counter developed to assay fast breeder reactor fuel was used to measure four fast-flux test facility subassemblies at the Hanford Engineering Development Laboratory in Richland, Washington. Plutonium contents in the four subassemblies ranged between 7.4 and 9.7 kg with corresponding /sup 240/Pu-effective contents between 0.9 and 1.2 kg. Large count rates were observed from the measurements, and plots of the data showed significant multiplication in the fuel. The measured data were corrected for deadtime and multiplication effects using established formulas. These corrections require accurate knowledge of the plutonium isotopics and /sup 241/Am content in the fuel. Multiplication-corrected coincidence count rates agreed with the expected count rates based on spontaneous fission-neutron emission rates. These measurements indicate that breeder fuel subassemblies with /sup 240/Pu-effective contents up to 1.2 kg can be nondestructively assayed using the shift-register electronics with the prototype counters. Measurements using the standard Los Alamos National Laboratory shift-register coincidence electronics unit can produce an assay value accurate to +-1% in 1000 s. The uncertainty results from counting statistics and deadtime-correction errors. 3 references, 8 figures, 8 tables.

We consider simulating statistical systems with a random walk on a constant energy surface. This combines features of deterministic molecular dynamics techniques and conventional Monte Carlo simulations. For discrete systems the method can be programmed to run an order of magnitude faster than other approaches. It does not require high quality random numbers and may also be useful for nonequilibrium studies. 10 references.

Based on analysis of /sup 14/CO/sub 2/ fixation kinetics and assays of enzymes related to C/sub 4/ metabolism (NAD-ME, NADP-ME, NAD-MDH, NADP-MDH, AST, ALT), leaves and regenerated plants of Euphorbia degeneri exhibit a modified NADP-ME-type photosynthesis. Apparently, both aspartate and malate are used for transport of CO/sub 2/ to bundle sheath cells. Callus grown on either non-shoot-forming or shoot-forming media fixes CO/sub 2/ into RPP-cycle intermediates and sucrose, as well as malate and aspartate. /sup 14/CO/sub 2/ pulse/chase kinetics show no significant loss of label from C/sub 4/ acids throughout a one minute chase. Analysis of PEPCase revealed the presence of 2 isoenzymes in both leaf and regenerated plant tissues (K/sub m/ (PEP) = 0.080 and 0.550) but only one isoenzyme in callus (K/sub m/ = 0.100). It appears that C/sub 4/ photosynthesis does not occur in callus derived from this C/sub 4/ dicot but is regenerated concomitant with shoot regeneration, and ..beta..-carboxylation of PEP in callus, mediated by the low K/sub m/ isoenzyme of PEPCase, produces C/sub 4/ acids that are not involved in the CO/sub 2/ shuttle mechanism characteristic of C/sub 4/ photosynthesis. 161 references, 19 figures, 12 tables.

One reason for studying supersymmetric quantum mechanics is that there are a class of superpotentials W(x) which behave at large x as x/sup ..cap alpha../ for which we know from general arguments whether SUSY is broken or unbroken. Thus one can use these superpotentials to test various ideas about how to see if supersymmetry is broken in an arbitrary model. Recently, Witten proposed a topological invariant, the Witten index ..delta.. which counts the number of bosons minus the number of fermions having ground state energy zero. Since if supersymmetry is broken, the ground state energy cannot be zero, one expects if ..delta.. is not zero, SUSY is preserved and the theory is not a good candidate for a realistic model. In this study we evaluate ..delta.. for several examples, and show some unexpected peculiarities of the Witten index for certain choice of superpotentials W(x). We also discuss two other nonperturbative methods of studying supersymmetry breakdown. One involves relating supersymmetric quantum mechanics to a stochastic classical problem and the other involves considering a discrete (but not supersymmetric) version of the theory and studying its behavior as one removes the lattice cuttoff. In this survey we review the Hamiltonian and path integral …

A test transient performed at a helical coil sodium-to-water steam generator test facility was simulated using the MINET code. It was determined that correct calculation of the sodium outlet temperature requires representation of heat capacitance of the structure.

The SuperHILAC Users Executive Committee organized a workshop on Prospects for Research with Radioactive Beams from Heavy Ion Accelerators. The main purpose of the workshop was to bring together a diverse group of scientists who had already done experients with radioactive beams or were interested in their use in the future. The topics of the talks ranged from general nuclear physics, astrophysics, production of radioactive beams and high energy projectile fragmentation to biomedical applications. This publication contains the abstracts of the talks given at the workshop and copies of the viewgraphs as they were supplied to the editor.

This paper comes in two parts. The first part is a progress report on the SLAC Linear Collider (SLC) with emphasis on those systems which are of special interest to linear accelerator designers; it sets the stage for a number of contributed papers on specific topics which are also presented at this conference. The second part presents some ideas which are of interest to the design of future linear colliders of higher energies.

The Simplified Methods project of the US NRC-funded Seismic Safety Margins Research Program (SSMRP) has as its goal the development of a methodology to perform routine seismic probabilistic risk assessments of commercial nuclear power plants. The study reported here develops calibration factors to relate best estimate response to design values accounting for approximations and simplifications in SSI analysis procedures. Nineteen cases were analyzed and in-structure response compared. The structure of interest was a typical shear wall structure. 6 references, 44 figures, 22 tables.

The Crystal Ball Detector at DORIS II was used to study radiative decays of the upsilon (2S) resonance with more than twice the previously available data. The inclusive photon spectrum of hadronic upsilon (2S) decays and the exclusive channel upsilon (2S) ..-->.. ..gamma gamma.. upsilon (1S) ..-->.. ..gamma gamma.. l/sup +/l/sup -/ were analyzed. In the inclusive spectrum three significant photon lines at energies of E..gamma../sub 1/ = (108.2 +- 0.7 +- 4) MeV, E..gamma../sub 1/ = (127.1 +- 0.8 +- 4) MeV and E..gamma../sub 3/ = (160.0 +- 2.4 +- 4) MeV with branching fractions of (6.0 +- 0.7 +- 0.9)%, (6.6 +- 0.8 +- 1.0)%, (2.6 +- 0.7 +- 0.8)% respectively were measured. The lines are consistent with being transitions from the upsilon (2S) to the /sup 3/P/sub 2/, /sup 3/P/sub 1/ and /sup 3/P/sub 0/ states. In addition a line at E..gamma.. approx. 427 MeV was observed which is interpreted as transitions from the /sup 3/P/sub 2/ /sub 1/ states to the upsilon (1S). 17 references.

The conditions attendant on the deep land burial of nuclear waste products raise a number of possible scenarios to cover the necessary 10,000 years of burial. However, no matter what kind of futuristic scenario obtains, it is desirable to develop an information system indicating the locale and nature of the deposit site and the types of materials stored, along with forewarnings not to interefere with the sites. A variety of such informational sites are suggested. Attention then turns to the recipients of such messages, recognizing from the outset that the psychological/perceptual makeup of individuals across the next 300 or so generations is virtually impossible to predict, particularly since new technologies may well alter that makeup in the furture. Nevertheless, current evidence suggests that certain human characteristics may be considered universal, and that these suggest the incorporation of selected sign signification into the message system. There are other such characteristics that, while probably not intrinsic, can probably be acquired with a minimum of formal training. That still leaves much of the message content to be deliberately created and, hence, learned. The common trefoil or other developed biohazardous signs emerge as the best candidates for a generic base symbol for the buried …

The effect of helium implantation schedule on the evolution of the cavity microstructure in 316 SS and Fe-20Ni-15Cr alloy during heavy-ion irradiation was investigated for damage levels up to 100 dpa with three helium injection schedules, i.e., 15 appm He/dpa, 50 appm He/dpa and 15 appm He preinjected prior to Ni/sup +/ ion irradiation. In the case of the dual-ion irradiated specimens, there was a trend towards a saturation of the swelling with increasing damage level that was closely related to the saturation and subsequent decrease of the number density of the small cavities (<8 nm diameter for 316 SS and <4 nm for Fe-20Ni-15Cr) and the dislocation density. The bi-model cavity size distribution that was determined for the Fe-20Ni-15Cr alloy at 40 dpa changed to uni-modal distribution at 65 and 100 dpa. Radiation-induced segregation was high and this was related to the saturation tendency for the swelling.

The seventeenth annual LAMPF Users Group meeting was held November 7-8, 1983, at the Clinton P. Anderson Meson Physics Facility. The program included a number of invited talks on various aspects of nuclear and particle physics as well as status reports on LAMPF. A panel discussion on the LAMPF II concept provided an exchange of views among an advisory group, Users, and LAMPF staff. The LAMPF working groups met and discussed plans for each of the secondary beam lines.

Technetium (Tc) is a major fission product with a fission yield similar to {sup 90}Sr and {sup 137}Cs. All traces of the natural element have disappeared due to decay over the earth`s history. The major isotope present in cooled nuclear fuel is {sup 99}Tc with a half life of 2.12 {times} 10{sup 5} years. This isotope decays via low energy (0.292 Mev) beta emission which is easily absorbed and contributes little penetrating radiation hazards in fuel reprocessing. Because it is difficult to detect, the distribution of {sup 99}Tc in the F and H area process streams is not generally well known. Previous studies have shown that a significant fraction of Tc follows uranium through the solvent extraction process. This study was conducted to analyze the {sup 99}Tc content of SRP uranium product streams, to assess any hazard due to {sup 99}Tc and to evaluate the impact of future higher burnup fuels on {sup 99}Tc levels in uranium products. This summary report presents {sup 99}Tc assays in uranium streams in F and H areas, relates these concentrations to solvent extraction conditions in the two areas, and compares the incremental radioactivity from {sup 99}Tc in the product streams to the uranium itself. …