A study of the gamma-ray de-excitation following the beta decay of /sup 118/Ag using the TRISTAN on-line isotope separator is reported. Gamma-ray singles, gamma-gamma coincidence, and gamma-ray multiscale measurements were made using Ge(Li) detectors. A total of 52 gamma rays were observed in the decay of /sup 118/Ag. Thirty-eight of these were placed in a level scheme for /sup 118/Cd consisting of 20 excited states up to 3382 keV. Gamma-ray multiscale measurements indicated that /sup 118/Ag has an isomeric state at 128 keV with a half-life of 2.0 +- 0.2 seconds. The ground state half-life is 3.76 +- 0.15 seconds. The /sup 118/Ag decay scheme is compared with a previous decay study. The level scheme systematics are discussed and compared with recent collective model calculations.

The feasibility of nondestructively detecting small cracks or holes in plasma-sprayed ceramic coatings with an electric arc-discharge system was studied. We inspected ZrO/sub 2/ coatings 0.46 mm (0.018 in.) thick on Incoloy alloy 800 substrates. Cracks were artificially induced in controlled areas of the specimens by straining the substrates in tension. We designed and built a system to scan the specimen's surface at approximately 50 ..mu..m (0.002 in.) clearance with a sharp-pointed metal-tipped probe at high dc potential. The system measures the arc currents occurring at flaws, or plots a map of the scanned area showing points where the arc current exceeds a preset threshold. A theoretical model of the probe-specimen circuit shows constant dc potential to be the best choice for arc-discharge inspection of insulating coatings. Experimental observations and analysis of the data disclosed some potential for flaw description.

In the course of an extensive investigation of tritium in the aquifer underlying the Mound Facility site, an unusual behavior was noted for a beta-emitting radionuclide contaminant present in the environs of the abandoned Miami-Erie Canal adjacent to the laboratory site. The soil contaminant was determined to be tritium, of which 90% was in the form of a relatively stable or bound species that was not readily exchangeable with the free water in the soil. (Bound-to-exchangeable transfer half-time was found to be approximately 3 yr.) The contamination was found to be concentrated within two feet of the surface in the center of the canal channel and near the Facility site drainage ditch and canal confluence. In order to characterize the contaminant and to assess its potential for reaching the aquifer, an analysis program and study were initiated in September 1976. The results and findings from the first phase of this work which was completed in February 1977 are the subject of this report.

The event times are observed of a mixture of two kinds of radioactive atoms, each producing alpha particles. The probability of observing an event is p, 0 < p < 1, and of missing the observation is 1 - p. A maximum likelihood statistical method is given for estimating the size of the two populations. A second discussion assumes that the populations themselves are samples from parent populations. Bayesian methods are given for estimating parameters of the parent populations. An example is presented of an experiment involving the search for particle-bound polyneutron systems. 2 figures, 3 tables.

ZnO films have been reproducibly grown using chemical deposition and radio-frequency sputtering techniques. These films are polycrystalline or amorphous, but are stable, uniform and lend themselves to material characterization by Auger and x-ray analysis techniques, and electrical measurements. SnO/sub 2/ films have been reproducibly grown by chemical vapor deposition, vacuum deposition and radio-frequency sputtering techniques. These films are also polycrystalline or amorphous, and lend themselves to material characterization and measurements. By vacuum deposition techniques, Si-SnO/sub 2/ heterojunctions have been grown, which exhibit good rectification properties. An original thermodynamic analysis of the growth of SnO/sub 2/ by a chemical vapor deposition technique based on the reaction between SnCl/sub 4/ and H/sub 2/O has been developed and submitted for publication. Pd-SiO/sub 2/-Si Schottky barrier diodes exhibiting excellent rectification properties have been successfully fabricated. A formalism has been established for the analysis of the behavior of these devices in the presence of H/sub 2/, H/sub 2/S and CO. The ZnO films grown by chemical deposition have proven to be sensitive to CO and CH/sub 4/. Sputtered ZnO films are sensitive to O/sub 2/ and H/sub 2/. SnO/sub 2/ films grown by chemical vapor deposition are not very sensitive to gases. Sputtered films, however, …

An analytical evaluation of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Garden Carrier No. 2 was made to demonstrate its compliance with the regulations governing off-site radioactive material shipping packages. The evaluation encompassed five primary categories: structural integrity, thermal resistance, radiation shielding, nuclear criticality safety, and quality assurance. The results of the evaluation show that the cask complies with the applicable regulations. The package is designed to ship large quantities of fissile and radioactive materials as solids.

The two-dimensional effect of plasma flow along the field lines in the scrape-off zone of a poloidal divertor has been modeled phenomenologically in a one-dimensional tokamak transport code. Some results of the profiles in the scrape-off zone, as well as in the main plasma, are given in this paper. These calculations suggest some approximations, which have been used to develop a zero-dimensional model of the divertor.

Oak Ridge National Laboratory conducted a series of bond pull-out tests to determine the effect of elevated temperatures (ranging from 24 to 149/sup 0/C (75 to 300/sup 0/F)) on the bond strength between concrete and deformed steel reinforcement. This report summarizes the findings of the study, describes the tests and results, and offers recommendations for incorporating these results into the design of structures that must operate within the prescribed range of elevated temperatures.

The report describes the initial creepdown tests of Zircaloy fuel cladding in which the surface displacements of the specimens have been measured as a function of time. Such measurements were made with a high accuracy, high precision eddy-current device capable of operation at elevated temperatures and pressures. Tests were conducted at 371/sup 0/C (700/sup 0/F) and external pressures of 14.5 to 17.2 MPa (2100 to 2500 psig) on specimens of reactor grade Zircaloy-4 fuel cladding in the unirradiated, stress relieved condition. Data are reported in several forms--as individual radial displacements of the cladding surface with time; as average diameter and ovality changes with time; in sequential photographs of analogue models; and with a preliminary discussion of mathematically modeled surfaces. It is concluded that the creepdown phenomenon, although complicated to test and describe, may not be as difficult to understand as previously thought. Further testing will refine present knowledge of cladding behavior relative to strain behavior under creep conditions.

During the past year the Fossil Energy Environmental Project has provided technical support to the Fossil Energy Program Administration of the Department of Energy (DOE/FE) in its coal conversion demonstration program. Work was focused in four principal areas: environmental assessment; guidance to demonstration plant contractors regarding environmental obligations; experimental studies of stored solids from coal conversion; and interactive assistance to contractors regarding environmental monitoring needs. Four major documents were prepared, two guidelines for contractors and two environmental analyses. An experimental program using both laboratory and field-scale testing was initiated to study leachates from both stored coal and coal conversion wastes. Technical assistance tasks early in the year consisted primarily of quick-response activities. However, after initial demonstration plant contracts were signed, advisory activities increased--the latter part of the year saw the start of frequent interactions with contractors regarding environmental monitoring of coal conversion demonstration-plant sites.

The purpose of this study was to determine, by theoretical calculation and experimental measurement, the absorbed dose distributions in two heterogeneous phantoms representing one-year- and five-year-old children from typical radiographic examinations for those ages. Theoretical work included the modification of an existing internal dose code which uses Monte Carlo methods to determine doses within the Snyder-Fisher mathematical phantom. A Ge(Li) detector and a pinhole collimator were used to measure x-ray spectra which served as input to the modified Monte Carlo codes which were used to calculate organ doses in children. The calculated and measured tissue-air values were compared for a number of organs. For most organs, the results of the calculated absorbed doses agreed with the measured absorbed doses within twice the coefficient of variation of the calculated value. The absorbed dose to specific organs for several selected radiological examinations are given for one-year-old, five-year-old, and adult phantoms.

A study was made of the methods available to transfer heat from the collector to the water storage tank in water heating systems. In counterflow heat exchangers used in double loop water heating systems, it was found to be more important to use a high water flowrate than a high heat transfer fluid flowrate. It was earlier thought to be best to have matched WC/sub p/ (mass flowrate-specific heat) products in the loops. It was shown in this study that the water WC/sub p/ product should be about twice as large as that of the heat transfer fluid. It was found that neither the heat exchanger type nor the size was very critical, so that very simple criteria were adequate in determining optimum heat exchanger size. It was found that there is a definite system size below which one should use a traced tank or a coil in a tank. Equations and optimization criteria were developed for traced tanks or tanks with coils. At present, there is no quantitative understanding of liquid to liquid (direct contact) heat exchangers, though they are clearly quite effective. Draindown systems are discussed, and several appendices are included on heat transfer and other characteristics of …

The objective of Phase I of this project is to support the Solar Central Receiver Power Plant research, development and demonstration effort by: (1) Establishment of a heliostat design, with associated manufacturing, assembly, installation and maintenance approaches, that, in quantity production will yield significant reductions in capital and operating costs over an assumed 30 year plant lifetime as compared with existing designs. (2) Identification of needs for near term and further research and development in heliostat concept, materials, manufacture, installation, maintenance, and other areas, where successful accomplishment and application would offer significant payoffs in the further reduction of the cost of electrical energy from Solar Central Receiver Power Plants. The Phase I study will define a low-cost heliostat preliminary design and the conceptual design of a heliostat manufacturing/installation plan which will result in low life cycle cost when produced and installed at high rate and large quantities for commercial Solar Central Receiver Power Plants. The study will develop the annualized life cycle cost and the performance of heliostats for a 30 year plant life, for each of three rates of continuous production and installation. The three specified rates are 25,000, 250,000, and 1,000,000 heliostats per year. The analysis of these …

The application of building codes to solar energy systems for heating and cooling of buildings is discussed, using as typical codes the three model building codes most widely adopted by states and localities. Some potential barriers to solar energy systems are found, federal and state programs to deal with these barriers are discussed, and alternatives are suggested. To remedy this, a federal program is needed to encourage state adoption of standards and acceptance of certification of solar systems for code approval, and to encourage revisions to codes based on model legislation prepared for the federal government by the model codes groups.

Four papers are included. A separate abstract was prepared for each. (MHR)

Observations on the effects of the solar cycle and solar activity on the earth's climate are reviewed. (GHT)

The Community Systems Program is concerned with conserving energy and scarce fuels through new methods of satisfying the energy needs of American communities. These programs are designed to develop innovative ways of combining current, emerging, and advanced technologies into Integrated Community Energy Systems (ICES) that could furnish any, or all, of the energy-using services of a community. The key goals of the Community System Program then, are to identify, evaluate, develop, demonstrate, and deploy energy systems and community designs that will optimally meet the needs of various communities. Integrated systems offer considerable potential for fuel substitution, thereby allowing the use of non-scarce fuel resources that would not be economically usable in smaller unintegrated systems. Input energy sources for such systems may include low-grade waste heat, solid and liquid wastes, solar and geothermal heat, seawater heat dissipation, and use of less-scarce fuels, such as coal and biomass. A Grid-Connected ICES uses a central co-generation plant and distribution system to provide heating, cooling, and electrical energy services. During 1977, contracts for the following Grid-Connected ICES (G-C ICES) demonstration teams were negotiated: City of Independence, Missouri; Clark University; City of Trenton, New Jersey; Health Education Authority of Louisiana (HEAL); and University of Minnesota. …

This Gruy Federal Type II-B prospect was drilled as the Superior Oil Company No. 1 Watkins-Miller, API designation 17-023-20501 and is located in Section 5, T15S, R5W, Cameron Parish, Louisiana. The well site is just north of lot 39 on Indian Point Island and is readily accessible from state highway Route 82 and a shell road in good condition. Superior Oil completed this well in late 1970 as a dual gas producer in sands between 11,150 and 11,250 feet but eventually abandoned the well in December, 1974. The cellar of the well is still visible on the site. This location is shown on the lower portion of USGS topographic sheet ''Grand Lake West'' in the map pocket of the Gruy Federal report ''Investigation and Evaluation of Geopressured-Geothermal Wells, Prospective Test Wells in the Texas and Louisiana Gulf Coast'', February 28, 1978.

The survey was conducted to provide guidance based on the views and experience of a national sample of homeowners about the insulation of their homes. The telephone survey was conducted with 1,012 homeowners between January 12 and 22, 1978 in the East, Midwest, South, and West regions of the U.S. From the survey data were compiled on plans for installing home insulation with emphasis on attic insulation; how many homes now have various types of insulation; recent experiences in obtaining attic insulation--its cost, material used, when installed, whether installed by the homeowner or a contractor; the kinds of insulation thought to be needed--attic insulation, wall insulation, storm doors and windows; whether homeowners planning attic insulation feel that they have the necessary information to do the work themselves or if they feel they know enough to make the necessary arrangements with a contractor; the effect of higher fuel costs on likelihood of installing attic insulation; shortages of insulating materials; what sources of information are relied on when planning attic insulation; attitudes toward having utility companies install insulation to be paid for by means of utility bills; how much trust homeowners have in the advice of government, utility companies, insulation manufacturers, insulation …

Separate abstracts were prepared for the five lectures presented. (JFP)

The results of a study which analyzes the Low Cost Silicon Solar Array Project (LSSA) plans with respect to the industrialization of new production technologies expected to be forthcoming as a result of the project&#x27;s technology development efforts. In particular, LSSA&#x27;s mandate to insure an annual production capability of 500 MWp for the photovoltaic supply industry by 1986 is critically examined. Conclusions from the analysis are utilized in a discussion of LSSA&#x27;s industrialization plans, particularly the plans for pilot, demonstration, and commercial scale production plants. Specific recommendations for the implementation of an industrialization task and the disposition of the project quantity goal are derived.

Many approximate procedures are available for setting confidence limits around the odds ratio in a four-fold table. A number of them are analyzed according to three criteria: close agreement between the actual and the nominal confidence levels; exact agreement with a hypothesis test for or against significance; and relative simplicity in calculation. The procedure due to Cornfield comes closer to satisfying all three criteria than any of the others examined. Formulas are provided for an iterative solution to Cornfield's equations.

The Geothermal Loop Experimental Facility (GLEF) utilizes a four stage flash/binary process for the extraction of energy from a high temperature, high salinity, liquid-dominated resource. Since plant start-up in May 1976, a substantial amount of information has been obtained on the operation of the plant, components, brine and steam composition, production and injection wells, and the potential of the Niland Reservoir. The general operation and activities of the GLEF during the period January 1978 through March 1978, are discussed. The production and injection well encountered no unusual difficulties. Scrubber performance tests were rerun this period and are discussed. Steam pH, conductivity, chemical composition, brine and scale properties, pigging, and component optimization efforts are discussed. The injection pump difficulties and condenser plugging problems are detailed. The feasibility study for a 50 MWe plant and H/sub 2/S abatement are discussed.

This specification defines the requirements for the Intermediate-Size Inducer Pump (ISIP), which is to be made by replacing the impeller of the FFTF Prototype Pump with a new inducer, impeller, diffuser, seal, and necessary adapter hardware. Subsequent testing requirements of the complete pump assembly are included.