The structure and operation of cyclotrons are discussed. Factors limiting cyclotron size and energy are given. Improvements to the basic continuous-wave cyclotron are described, including frequency modulation, strong focusing, and variable-energy facilities.

Recent experience in instrumentation of several nuclear-physics experiments has demonstrated the feasibility of automating the data-acquisition phases of the experiment. Electronic circuits are employed wherever the rate of data flow would be slowed by the use of human operations. Information is selected, temporarily stored, and then recorded in a form suitable for immediate entry into a computer. Experimenters thus freed from the tedious aspects of data collection can devote their time to studying the results of the experiments. Potentially useful nuclear events are first selected by the fast-logic part of the instrumentation. Circuits performing simple logical functions are packaged in modular form for easy grouping into particular coincidence, gating, and mixing configurations. Circuits with slower response times are used for temporary storage and recording operations. Automatic test routines are used to initially align the equipment as well as provide continuous calibration during the experiments. Some of the high-speed circuits are described as well as the methods used to incorporate them into a large counting system.

The objective of this production test is to demonstrate the feasibility of a Hanford reactor operating economically as a plutonium-tritium producer to increase the over-all conversion ratio and diversify the useful product output.

An engineering-scale demonstration of the Sulfex process indicated that semi-continuous decladding of unirradiated stainless steel-clad UO2 or U02ThO2 fuels is feasible.

Document issued by the Office of the Attorney General of Texas in Austin, Texas, providing an interpretation of Texas law. It provides the opinion of the Texas Attorney General, Will Wilson, regarding a legal question submitted for clarification: Whether an attorney, in filing suit in the Small Claims Court, in behalf of businesses, corporations and other people who are able to pay attorney's fees, etc., would be considered a collection agent under Section 2 of Article 2460a of Vernon's Civil Statutes.

Solidification of intermediate-activity wastes is a major goal of the CPD Waste Management Program. Plans are to reduce the wastes, by evaporation, to salt cakes in existing tanks, thereby insuring safe, long-term storage of contained fission products regardless.of tank integrity. Initiation of these plans at an early date is necessary to offset the expected increase in tank failures and to provide space for future wastes. Major decisions of the program relate to selection of the evaporative method to be employed. The requirements of in-tank solidification were therefore reviewed to determine if the choice of evaporative systems can be made at this time. The relative potential of Bentube evaporation and submerged combustion for meeting these requirements were analyzed on the basis of available information, including actual performance of the Bentube facility at the Savannah River Plant (SRP).

This report discusses three natural uranium, X-8001 aluminum clad, I&E Hanford production fuel elements, which were irradiated in 3363-D as part of PT-IP-262-A, were selected for detailed examination in the Radiometallurgy Laboratory. The three pieces were from the same tube and each had lost about 15 grams of cladding during irradiation. Examination was requested to determine the extent of the corrosion and whether the attack was uniform or localized. Also, measurement of the uranium fuel was requested to reveal any change that occurred during irradiation. Corrosion was general rather than localized and occurred over approximately three-fourths of the surface. In each element. about one-fourth of the surface on one side was virtually unattacked and vas probably the area that lay between the ribs of the process tube during irradiation. In one element localized attack occurred beside two of the bumpers. External aluminum cladding thicknesses ranged from 0.020 to 0.043 inch. About 0.005 inch of the spire surface vas removed by corrosion. Both internal and external dimensions of the uranium increased. The average external diameter was 0.010 inch larger and the average internal diameter vas 0.011 inch larger than the average preirradiation diameter measurements. The growth vas not uniform as ellipticity …

A previous study described proposed facilities at B-Plant which integrate future fission product and waste calcination activities. However, in the reactivation of B-Plant in accordance with this study, heavy expenditures, above budgeted funds, would be required at an early date for Phase 1 process changes coupled with general rehabilitation work and facilities for updating of radiological control. Since waste calcination activities in B-Plant are not scheduled until Fiscal Year 1966, the expense of B-Plant rehabilitation items would be borne solely by the Fission Product Program. This report provides the Title I design of Phase 1 fission product facilities at B-Plant which can be provided vith minimum capital expenditures. The facility described in this report accomplishes the overall processing objectives of the facility, namely the recovery and storage of crude strontium-90 and rare-earth concentrates, although certain B-Plant improvements are deferred to later phases of the Fission Product and Waste Calcination Programs.

Document issued by the Office of the Attorney General of Texas in Austin, Texas, providing an interpretation of Texas law. It provides the opinion of the Texas Attorney General, Will Wilson, regarding a legal question submitted for clarification: Whether a transfer of funds from the Professional Engineers' License Fund to the fund for the General Operating Expenses of A&M College is legally authorized.

Goats under Nembutal and mice were exposed in a shock tube modified to give longer-duration overpressures and equipped with ports for photography. Except for ear damage, displacement still seemed to be the major cause of injury in goats in the 4-foot section of the tube. However, it was found that mice were killed, apparently by pure blast, in a particular position in a particular type of side chamber attached to the higher-pressure, smaller-diameter, section of the tube. The relation between maximum velocity of displacement and the distance animals were thrown was fairly regular. The probability of injury over different terrains is discussed. (auth)

Annual report submitted by the Girl Scouts of the United States of America to Congress describing highlights from 1960, activities, finance, statistics, organizational leadership, and other information about scouting programs.

The 60-in. scattering chamber used with the external beam of the Argonne 60-in. cyclotron is described. The scattering chamber permits operation over an angular range from 4 deg to 176 deg with an accuracy of plus or minus 3 min. of arc. The geometrical factors involved in the measurement of cross sections are known to plus or minus 0.1% or better. The angular positions of the detectors, the target changer, and an absorber foil system in front of the detection units are operated by remote control so as to permit continuous operation of the cyclotron when these parameters are varied. It is possible to operate several detectors simultaneously; and in order to permit angular correlation studies, the angular position of one detector can be varied by remote control with respect to the other detector units. A summary of some of the experimental work performed with this instrument is given. (auth)

The current interest in the subject of fiber optics has brought about, among its many achievements, the development of a new technique for measuring refractive index. An instrument designed as a light-pipe refractometer or rod photorefractometer has been described by Kapany and Pike. these authors have presented both a theoretical study of the phenomenon and experimental results arising from a prototype apparatus. The range of applicability of such a device is limited, however, by the availability of rod materials having suitable refractive indices. In particular, the available solid material which has the lowest refractive index and which is also transparent is fused quartz (n{sub D} = 1.458). For reasons inherent in the geometry of the photorefractometer optics, the use of quartz rods does not permit high sensitivity of measurement on liquids having refractive index values less than 1.44. Aqueous solutions, therefore, are beyond the range of study of a system using solid rods. Kapany and Pike suggested the possibility of replacing the solid rod with a hollow cylindrical glass tube filled with a standard liquid. In this manner the effective refractive index of the light pipe is that of the reference liquid and can be varied over the complete range …

Report issued by the Brookhaven National Laboratory discussing the work conducted by the lab during the fiscal year of 1960. As stated in the introduction, "the progress and trends of the research program are presented together with a description of the operational, service, and administrative activities of the Laboratory" (p. vii). This report includes tables, illustrations, and photographs.

Graphic pamphlet about Federal employee position classifications, which determines the pay of a Federal employee.

S>Surface ionization results for natural boron isotopic analysis are in agreement with other recent investigations indicating a B/sup 11//B/sup 10/ atom ratio nesrer to 4.00 than the more commonly accepted value of 4.31 based on BF/ sub 3/ analysis. (auth)

Reported DSN calculations of reactivity worths of heterogeneities in ZPR- III fast critical assemblies, caused by use of various fuel plate and diluent thicknesses, have shown the necessity for high-order approximations to obtain convergence of flux shape and eigenvalue. Convergence properties of solutions for a simplified two-region, oneenergy-group, repetitive slab cell having regional thicknesses and regional cross sections representative of those encountered in some energy -groups of the previous threegroup study are compared for DSN (N = 2, 4, 8, 16), singlespherical harmonics, PN (N = 1, 3,...., 11, 13), and double spherical harmonics, DPN (N = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5), solutions for the case of a spatially constant unit source density in the alternate regions of the cell. Analogous uncollided flux solutions and an integral transport solution for uncollided flux showing effects of contributions of sources in neighboring cells upon the solution are obtained. As the angular width of the anisotropic flux component occurs predominantly in the region about mu = 0, the "shape" of the spatial flux is largely determined by at most a few nearestneighbor source regions, and the anisotropic component is largely the anisotropic component of the uncollided flux. Use of either a discrete ordinate …

The corrosion behavior of pure aluminum and some of its alloys in superheated steam was found to depend markedly on the method of starting the corrosion test. Pure aluminum samples survived only in tests that were brought to temperature and pressure very rapidly. Resistant Al-- Ni-- Fe alloys performed well only if a relatively slow starting procedure was used, suffering extensive blistering or complete disintegration in a test started rapidly. Over the range of temperature and pressure investigated, 400 to 540 deg C and 150 to 600 psig, with optimum starting conditions both pure aluminum and resistant Al-- Ni-- Fe alloy samples quickly formed a very protective oxide film. Interference colors were noted for exposures of several weeks. Samples surviving a 260-day test at 540 deg C and 600 psig had less than 1-mg/cm/sup 2/ weight gain. Nonresistant alloys disintegrated in short corrosion exposures. A penetrating attack, initiated in only a few spots, rapidly destroyed the samples. The effects of composition, dispersion of second-phsse compounds, hydrogen porosity, and pretreatments were investigated for 5.6% Ni--0.3% Fe-0.1% Ti in 540 deg C, 600-psig steam. It was concluded that porosity produced by corrosion product hydrogen was a major factor in the survival of …

Corrosion tests in dilute phosphoric acid (pH 3.5) at elevated temperature are described for X8001 aluminum, 18-8 stainless steels, aluminized carbon steel, and Zircaloy. In a 307-day dynamic test at 18 ft/sec and 315 deg C, X8001 aluminum corroded at a rate of 1/2 mdd for the first 240 days. In subsequent exposures, the corrosion rate increased, but the total average penetration at 307 days was only 0.0005 inch. At 200 days, the total corrosion in this test was one-fiftieth that in distilled water. Static tests at 225 deg C gave corrosion rates too low to measure (<0.2 mdd). Of several different 18-8 stainless steels tested in this solution at 315 deg C, only sensitized type 316 suffered intergranular attack. General attack rates of the other samples, of the order of 1/4 mdd, were obtained for the period from 94 to 186 days. Although this is much larger than the rate in distilled water, it represents a penetration rate of only about 5 x 10/sup -//sup 5/ inch/year. Aluminized carbon steel did not suffer rapid corrosion in this solution at 315 deg C, even when large areas of the carbon steel were exposed. There was a tendency for corrosion to …

Monthly newsletter of the High Plains Underground Water Conservation District No. 1, discussing the field of underground water. Topics include profiles of water conservation research, annual pre-plant soil moisture survey data, annual Winter Water Level measurement data, and information about the latest water conservation tips.

ABS>An experiment was performed to determine the effects of nonpickling versus pickling to depths of one and two mils on the corrosion resistance of Zircaloy-2 machined by various methods. No significant difference in corrosion rate between pickled and unpickled Zircaloy-2 was found, provided that properly sharpened and hardened tools were used. (auth)

Two types of electron polarization operators are surveyed. A three- vector operator is described that is appropriate for calculations involving plane- wave states. A four-vector operator is described that can be used for taking account of external electromagnetic fields. (T.F.H.)

Research with 28-Mev N/sup 3+/ ions from the ORNL 63-Inch Cyclotron included studies of elastic and inelastic scattering, of angular distributions from transfer reactions, and of nuclear reactions resulting in the evaporation of alpha particles and protons. The research program associated with the 22-Mev protons from the ORNL 86-Inch Dyclotron lncluded studies of bound states of neutrons, the investigation of energy levels in neutron-deficient rareearth nuclei, and the production of neutron-deficient radiolsotopes. Theoretical studies are belng made for the interpretation of both proton-induced and nitrogen- induced reactions with distorted-wave Born approximatlon calculations and with the optical model. Fabrication and assembly of Cyclotron Analogue II are nearing completion. The building for the Oak Ridge lsochronous Cyclotron was completed. The final design work is well advanced; the major heavy components were fabricated and are being installed. (For preceding period see ORNL-3047.) (auth)

against fall-out radiation provided by an earth-covered shelter. The study indicated that the shelter offered excellent protection from fall-out radiation deposited on and around the shelter. This study also added additional data to the research in radiation shielding provided by various structures which is being conducted by the Civil Effects Test Operations, Division of Biology and Medicine, U. S. Atomic Energy Commission. A fall-out radiation field was simulated by pumping, at constant speed, a sealed Co/sup 60/ source through a long length of tubing which was evenly distributed over an area. Radiation measurements were made inside the shelter by dose-integrating ionization chambers. In general, the results indicated that the protection factor (ratio of the open- field exposure dose rate to the exposure dose rate in the structure) was approximately 5000 in the center of the shelter, increasing to 10,000 to 15,000 along the sides, and decreasing to about 3000 near the ends. Directly below vents the protection factor was found to be approximately 2500 at the 3-ft level. The shelter was a halfround corrugated-steel structure covered by a minimum of approximately 2 ft of earth on the top and 5 to 7 ft of earth on the sides. (auth)