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Astrophysical Gyrokinetics: Kinetic and Fluid Turbulent Cascades In Magentized Weakly Collisional Plasmas
This paper presents a theoretical framework for understanding plasma turbulence in astrophysical plasmas. It is motivated by observations of electromagnetic and density fluctuations in the solar wind, interstellar medium and galaxy clusters, as well as by models of particle heating in accretion disks. All of these plasmas and many others have turbulentmotions at weakly collisional and collisionless scales. The paper focuses on turbulence in a strong mean magnetic field. The key assumptions are that the turbulent fluctuations are small compared to the mean field, spatially anisotropic with respect to it and that their frequency is low compared to the ion cyclotron frequency. The turbulence is assumed to be forced at some system-specific outer scale. The energy injected at this scale has to be dissipated into heat, which ultimately cannot be accomplished without collisions. A kinetic cascade develops that brings the energy to collisional scales both in space and velocity. The nature of the kinetic cascade in various scale ranges depends on the physics of plasma fluctuations that exist there. There are four special scales that separate physically distinct regimes: the electron and ion gyroscales, the mean free path and the electron diffusion scale. In each of the scale ranges separated …
Date:
April 23, 2009
Creator:
A.A. Schekochihin, S.C. Cowley, W. Dorland, G.W. Hammett, G.G. Howes, E. Quataert, and T. Tatsuno
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
COMPARATIVE COST STUDY OF PROCESSING STAINLESS STEEL-JACKETED UO$sub 2$ FUEL: MECHANICAL SHEAR-LEACH VS SULFEX-CORE DISSOLUTION
The economics of mechanical shear-leach and Sulfex decladding-core dissolution head end treatments for processing typical tubular bundles of stainless steel-jacketed UO/sub 2/ nuclear fuels were compared. A 2.66 metric ton U/day head end portion of a plant was designed for each process and capital and operating costs were developed. For plants of this size and larger, mechanical shear-leach processing has the advantage of ~20% lower capital cost and 50% lower operating cost. Processing costs of stainless steel-jacketed UO/ sub 2/ by the Sulfex and shear-leach methods, including amortization and waste disposal but excluding solvent extraction, were .78 and 7l/kg U, respectively. Storage of stainless steel waste produced by the shear-leach method is less costly by a factor of 20 than for Sulfex. (auth)
Date:
April 23, 1962
Creator:
Adams, J. B.; Benis, A. M. & Watson, C. D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Comparative Cost Study of Processing Stainless Steel-Jacketed UO2 Fuel: Mechanical Shear-Leach vs Sulfex-Core Dissolution
Comparison of the economics of mechanical shear-leach and Sulfex decladding-core dissolution head end treatments for processing typical tubular bundles of stainless steel-jacketed UO2 nuclear fuels.
Date:
April 23, 1962
Creator:
Adams, J. B.; Benis, A. M. & Watson, C. D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A [gamma][sub t]-jump scheme for the Brookhaven AGS
AGS beam losses at transition are now tolerable ([lt]5%), but as the present improvement plans are implemented and the intensity is increased, new mechanisms will become important and the losses will increase. This Note describes studies directed towards minimizing these losses. Werner Hardt has studied these losses at the CERN PS. In particular, he found that by sharply reducing the time spent going through transition he could reduce the losses. Hardt visited Brookhaven in early June, 1986, in order to help us better understand the AGS. As a result of work inspired by his visit, we now believe that intensities of [approximately]5x10[sup 13] circulating protons are attainable in the AGS without significant losses at transition.
Date:
April 23, 1993
Creator:
Ahrens, L.; Auerbach, E.; Hardt, W.; Raka, E.; Ratner, L. & Yamin, P.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A {gamma}{sub t}-jump scheme for the Brookhaven AGS
AGS beam losses at transition are now tolerable ({lt}5%), but as the present improvement plans are implemented and the intensity is increased, new mechanisms will become important and the losses will increase. This Note describes studies directed towards minimizing these losses. Werner Hardt has studied these losses at the CERN PS. In particular, he found that by sharply reducing the time spent going through transition he could reduce the losses. Hardt visited Brookhaven in early June, 1986, in order to help us better understand the AGS. As a result of work inspired by his visit, we now believe that intensities of {approximately}5x10{sup 13} circulating protons are attainable in the AGS without significant losses at transition.
Date:
April 23, 1993
Creator:
Ahrens, L.; Auerbach, E.; Hardt, W.; Raka, E.; Ratner, L. & Yamin, P.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Smart Energy Management of Multiple Full Cell Powered Applications
In this research project the University of South Alabama research team has been investigating smart energy management and control of multiple fuel cell power sources when subjected to varying demands of electrical and thermal loads together with demands of hydrogen production. This research has focused on finding the optimal schedule of the multiple fuel cell power plants in terms of electric, thermal and hydrogen energy. The optimal schedule is expected to yield the lowest operating cost. Our team is also investigating the possibility of generating hydrogen using photoelectrochemical (PEC) solar cells through finding materials for efficient light harvesting photoanodes. The goal is to develop an efficient and cost effective PEC solar cell system for direct electrolysis of water. In addition, models for hydrogen production, purification, and storage will be developed. The results obtained and the data collected will be then used to develop a smart energy management algorithm whose function is to maximize energy conservation within a managed set of appliances, thereby lowering O/M costs of the Fuel Cell power plant (FCPP), and allowing more hydrogen generation opportunities. The Smart Energy Management and Control (SEMaC) software, developed earlier, controls electrical loads in an individual home to achieve load management objectives …
Date:
April 23, 2007
Creator:
Alam, MOhammad S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Smart Energy Management of Multiple Full Cell Powered Applications
In this research project the University of South Alabama research team has been investigating smart energy management and control of multiple fuel cell power sources when subjected to varying demands of electrical and thermal loads together with demands of hydrogen production. This research has focused on finding the optimal schedule of the multiple fuel cell power plants in terms of electric, thermal and hydrogen energy. The optimal schedule is expected to yield the lowest operating cost. Our team is also investigating the possibility of generating hydrogen using photoelectrochemical (PEC) solar cells through finding materials for efficient light harvesting photoanodes. The goal is to develop an efficient and cost effective PEC solar cell system for direct electrolysis of water. In addition, models for hydrogen production, purification, and storage will be developed. The results obtained and the data collected will be then used to develop a smart energy management algorithm whose function is to maximize energy conservation within a managed set of appliances, thereby lowering O/M costs of the Fuel Cell power plant (FCPP), and allowing more hydrogen generation opportunities. The Smart Energy Management and Control (SEMaC) software, developed earlier, controls electrical loads in an individual home to achieve load management objectives …
Date:
April 23, 2007
Creator:
Alam, Mohammad S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Time-Dependent Measure of a Nano-Scale Force-Pulse Driven by the Axonemal Dynein Motors in Individual Live Sperm Cells
Nano-scale mechanical forces generated by motor proteins are crucial to normal cellular and organismal functioning. The ability to measure and exploit such forces would be important to developing motile biomimetic nanodevices powered by biological motors for Nanomedicine. Axonemal dynein motors positioned inside the sperm flagellum drive microtubule sliding giving rise to rhythmic beating of the flagellum. This force-generating action makes it possible for the sperm cell to move through viscous media. Here we report new nano-scale information on how the propulsive force is generated by the sperm flagellum and how this force varies over time. Single cell recordings reveal discrete {approx}50 ms pulses oscillating with amplitude 9.8 {+-} 2.6 nN independent of pulse frequency (3.5-19.5 Hz). The average work carried out by each cell is 4.6 x 10{sup -16} J per pulse, equivalent to the hydrolysis of {approx}5,500 ATP molecules. The mechanochemical coupling at each active dynein head is {approx}2.2 pN/ATP, and {approx}3.9 pN per dynein arm, in agreement with previously published values obtained using different methods.
Date:
April 23, 2009
Creator:
Allen, M J; Rudd, R E; McElfresh, M W & Balhorn, R
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Tractor
Patent for "novel features of construction and combinations of parts" in tractors to ensure a steady, even pace of travel and allow for traversing uneven landscape while maintaining a level setting, including illustrations and instructions.
Date:
April 23, 1918
Creator:
Altgelt, Herman E.
Object Type:
Patent
System:
The Portal to Texas History
FILTER COMPONENT ASSESSMENT--CERAMIC CANDLES--
Efforts at Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation (SWPC) have been focused on development of hot gas filter systems as an enabling technology for advanced coal and biomass-based gas turbine power generation applications. SWPC has been actively involved in the development of advanced filter materials and component configuration, has participated in numerous surveillance programs characterizing the material properties and microstructure of field tested filter elements, and has undertaken extended, accelerated filter life testing programs. This report summarizes the results of SWPC's filter component assessment efforts, identifying the performance and stability of porous monolithic, fiber reinforced, and filament wound ceramic hot gas candle filters, potentially for {ge}3 years of viable pressurized fluidized-bed combustion (PFBC) service operating life.
Date:
April 23, 2004
Creator:
Alvin, M. A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Multi-Channel Auto-Dilution System for Remote Continuous Monitoring of High Soil-CO2 Fluxes
Geological sequestration has the potential capacity and longevity to significantly decrease the amount of anthropogenic CO2 introduced into the atmosphere by combustion of fossil fuels such as coal. Effective sequestration, however, requires the ability to verify the integrity of the reservoir and ensure that potential leakage rates are kept to a minimum. Moreover, understanding the pathways by which CO2 migrates to the surface is critical to assessing the risks and developing remediation approaches. Field experiments, such as those conducted at the Zero Emissions Research and Technology (ZERT) project test site in Bozeman, Montana, require a flexible CO2 monitoring system that can accurately and continuously measure soil-surface CO2 fluxes for multiple sampling points at concentrations ranging from background levels to several tens of percent. To meet this need, PNNL is developing a multi-port battery-operated system capable of both spatial and temporal monitoring of CO2 at concentrations from ambient to at least 150,000 ppmv. This report describes the system components (sampling chambers, measurement and control system, and power supply) and the results of a field test at the ZERT site during the late summer and fall of 2008. While the system performed well overall during the field test, several improvements to the …
Date:
April 23, 2009
Creator:
Amonette, James E. & Barr, Jonathan L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
DEVELOPMENT OF METALLIC HOT GAS FILTERS
Successful development of metallic filters with high temperature oxidation/corrosion resistance for fly ash capture is a key to enabling advanced coal combustion and power generation technologies. Compared to ceramic filters, metallic filters can offer increased resistance to impact and thermal fatigue, greatly improving filter reliability. A beneficial metallic filter structure, composed of a thin-wall (0.5mm) tube with uniform porosity (about 30%), is being developed using a unique spherical powder processing and partial sintering approach, combined with porous sheet rolling and resistance welding. Alloy choices based on modified superalloys, e.g., Ni-16Cr-4.5Al-3Fe (wt.%), are being tested in porous and bulk samples for oxide (typically alumina) scale stability in simulated oxidizing/sulfidizing atmospheres found in PFBC and IGCC systems at temperatures up to 850 C. Recent ''hanging o-ring'' exposure tests in actual combustion systems at a collaborating DOE site (EERC) have been initiated to study the combined corrosive effects from particulate deposits and hot exhaust gases. New studies are exploring the correlation between sintered microstructure, tensile strength, and permeability of porous sheet samples.
Date:
April 23, 2003
Creator:
Anderson, I. E.; Gleeson, B. & Terpstra, R. L.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Coming to Washington, DC? Sources of Information on Temporary Housing
This report will introduce a newcomer to the Washington, DC, metropolitan area to sources of general interest, neighborhoods, housing, and public transportation.
Date:
April 23, 2004
Creator:
Anderson, J. Michael
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
(129)Xe NMR of Mesoporous Silicas
The porosities of three mesoporous silica materials were characterized with {sup 129}Xe NMR spectroscopy. The materials were synthesized by a sol-gel process with r = 0, 25, and 70% methanol by weight in an aqueous cetyltrimethylammonium bromide solution. Temperature dependent chemical shifts and spin lattice relaxation times reveal that xenon does not penetrate the pores of the largely disordered (r= 70%) silica. For both r = 0 and 25%, temperature dependent resonances corresponding to physisorbed xenon were observed. An additional resonance for the r = 25% sample was attributed to xenon between the disordered cylindrical pores. 2D NMR exchange experiments corroborate the spin lattice relaxation data which show that xenon is in rapid exchange between the adsorbed and the gas phase.
Date:
April 23, 1999
Creator:
Anderson, M.T.; Asink, R.A.; Kneller, J.M. & Pietrass, T.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Novel Optical Detection Schemes for In-Situ Mapping of Volatile Organochlorides in The Vadose Zone
The long-term objective of this research is to develop a system for measuring and identifying a wide rang of volatile organic hydrocarbons, including organochlorides, at ppb levels in-situ in the subsurface (''at-dept'') using a fiber-optic REMPI probe. In this renewal proposal we would also like to expand the range of analytes to include contaminated soil and certain metal pollutants such as Hg and Pb. And, to do this in a ruggedized system that is compatible with existing fiber-optic sensors, Raman and fluorescence probes and image guides. The specific focus of much of the proposed work is to identify and optimize those experimental parameters which effect the in-situ determination of organic molecules using resonance-enhanced multi-photon ionization (REMPI). To accomplish this goal we will systematically investigate the dependence of REMPI on laser wavelength, power and other experimental parameters for a variety of high-priority groundwater and vadose zone contaminants to determine optimal measurement conditions. Emphasis will be placed on visible or fiber-optic compatible wavelengths of excitation so that the high transmission of fiberoptics can be fully utilized. A fiber-optic REMPI system is being designed that is suitable for integration into an existing cone penetrometer system being delivered by LLNL. Fiber-optic probe designs that …
Date:
April 23, 2004
Creator:
Angel, S. Michael
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Spin Effects in the Fragmentation of Transversely Polarized and Unpolarized Quarks.
We study the fragmentation of a transversely polarized quark into a non-collinear (k{perpendicular} {ne} 0) spinless hadron and the fragmentation of an unpolarized quark into a non collinear transversely polarized spin 1/2 baryon. These nonperturbative properties are described by spin and k{perpendicular} dependent fragmentation functions and are revealed in the observation of single spin asymmetries. Recent data on the production of pions in polarized semi-inclusive DIS and long known data on A polarization in unpolarized p-N processes are considered: these new fragmentation functions can describe the experimental results and the single spin effects in the quark fragmentation turn out to be surprisingly large.
Date:
April 23, 2001
Creator:
Anselmino, M.; Boer, D.; D'Alesio, U. & Murgia, F.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
L Polarization in Unpolarized Hadron Reactions.
The transverse polarization observed in the inclusive production of {Lambda} hyperons in the high energy collisions of unpolarized hadrons is tackled by considering a new set of spin and {kappa}{perpendicular} dependent quark fragmentation functions. Simple phenomenological expressions for these new ''polarizing fragmentation functions'' are obtained by a fit of the data on {Lambda}'s and {bar {Lambda}}'s produced in p - N processes.
Date:
April 23, 2001
Creator:
Anselmino, M.; Boer, D.; Dalesio, U. & Murgia, F.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
SALT FOG TEST OF SAM2X5 COATED STAINLESS STEEL CYLINDER
A salt fog test of an iron-based amorphous metal, SAM2X5, coated Type 316L stainless steel (SS316L) cylinder was made. The cylinder was 30-inch diameter by 88-inch long, and 3/8-inch thick. One end was welded shut with a SS316L end cap before coating. The body of the cylinder and the end cap were both coated. The cylinder was coated with SAM2X5 by the HVOF thermal spray process. The coating thickness was 0.015-inch to 0.019-inch thick. The cylinder was tested in a horizontal position. Also included in the test for reference purposes were five coupons (2-inch x 2-inch x 1/8-inch) of uncoated Type 1018 carbon steel (1018CS). The test used an abbreviated form of GM 9540P. Each cycle was 6 hours in duration and the cylinder and reference samples were exposed to a total of eight cycles. The cylinder was in relatively good condition after the test. Along the body of the cylinder only two pinpoint spot sized signs of rust were seen. The 1018CS reference specimens were extensively rusted.
Date:
April 23, 2007
Creator:
Aprigliano, L F; Rebak, R B; Choi, J; Lian, T & Day, S D
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Guinea's New Transitional Government: Emerging Issues for U.S. Policy
This report provides background information on the government of national unity of Guinea. The report discusses issues for U.S. policy and bilateral relations with the transitional government.
Date:
April 23, 2010
Creator:
Arieff, Alexis
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Corn or Cotton Planter.
Patent for a new and improved planter. This design consists in "the combination, with the hopper and the seed-slide therein having one end projecting from one end of the hopper, of the reciprocating yoke having its rear portion angular in cross-section and its front portion cylindrical in cross-section and having an arm at one end to engage the opening in the projecting end of the seed-slide, the angular and cylindrical bearings for the respective parts of the yoke, whereby the latter may be unshipped from or attached to the seed-slide, and the mechanism to reciprocate the yoke" (lines 71-83).
Date:
April 23, 1889
Creator:
Armstrong, John Joshua & Lowrey, Andrew Stephen
Object Type:
Patent
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Ground Simulator Studies of a Small Side-Located Controller in a Power Control System
Memorandum presenting an investigation to determine the operating characteristics of a small side-located control stick with the use of a ground simulator incorporating a power control system. The simulator or pitch chair was designed to produce the pitching motion associated with the short-period mode of an airplane. The general opinion of all of the pilots operating the pitch chair was that they were favorably impressed with their ability to precisely track with the small side-located controller provided the control-system characteristics were desirable.
Date:
April 23, 1958
Creator:
Assadourian, Arthur
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Measurement of the Fundamental Parameters for the Film-Rupture/Oxidation Mechanism
Identification of the mechanism responsible for primary water stress corrosion cracking (PWSCC) in nickel-base alloys is a controversial topic. Numerous mechanisms, including the film-rupture/oxidation (i.e., slip-oxidation or slip-dissolution) mechanism, have been proposed to explain PWSCC. According to this mechanism, the observed sensitivity of PWSCC to material and environmental factors may be explained by the combined effects of repassivation kinetics, oxide rupture strain, and crack tip strain rate (which includes creep). Previous research has shown that increasing the Cr content of Ni-9%Fe-Cr from 16 to 30 wt% strongly decreases PWSCC susceptibility. Consequently, measurements of these three fundamental parameters (repassivation, oxide rupture, and creep) were performed as a function of Cr content, and SCC crack growth rates were predicted on the basis of the resulting data. This paper illustrates that considering these three parameters concurrently may contribute to the understanding of Cr effects on PWSCC of Ni-base alloys. However, it is not clear whether the film-rupture/oxidation mechanism can adequately predict the observed crack growth rates for Alloy 600 at 338 C.
Date:
April 23, 1999
Creator:
Attanasio, S. A.; Fish, J. S.; Morton, D. S.; Rosecrans, P. M.; Was, G. S.; Wilkening, W. W. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Bilayer Conductive-Oxide Buffer Layer Structures for High-J{sub c} YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7-d} Coated Conductors
Epitaxial, conductive-oxide buffer layers having bilayer configurations have been deposited on biaxially textured nickel substrates (RABiTS) by rf and dc-sputter techniques. The conductive bilayer structures comprise the layer sequences of SrRuO{sub 3}/LaNiO{sub 3}/Ni and SrRuO{sub 3}/Cu/Ni. Systematic property characterizations of the buffer layers showed excellent electrical and structural properties. High-quality epitaxial YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7-{delta}} (YBCO) films grown by pulsed-laser deposition on these structures exhibited critical current densities (J{sub c}) as high as 1.3 x 10{sup 6} A/cm{sup 2} at 77 K in self-field.
Date:
April 23, 2001
Creator:
Aytug, T.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Updated calculations of the reach of Fermilab Tevatron upgrades for Higgs Bosons in the MSSM, mSUGRA, and mGMSB models
One of the crucial predictions of supersymmetric models that reduce to the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) at the weak scale is that the lightest Higgs scalar should have mass m{sub h} {approx_lt} 125-130 GeV[1]. Recent results on the reach of Fermilab Tevatron upgrades for Standard Model (SM) Higgs bosons show that masses of order 120-180 GeV may be probed [2, 3, 4, 5], depending on integrated luminosity, detector performance and signal and background modeling. Thus, the discovery of a Higgs boson (or a new limit of around 120-130 GeV on its mass) will severely constrain supersymmetric models as well. In this report, we update previous calculations made by our group [6] pertaining to the reach of Fermilab Tevatron upgrades for Higgs bosons in supersymmetric models. We present reach results for SUSY Higgs bosons within the MSSM, the minimal Supergravity model (mSUGRA) and in the minimal Gauge Mediated SUSY Breaking model (mGMSB). In this update, 95% CL exclusion contours and 5{sigma} discovery contours are presented for integrated luminosity values of 2, 5 and 20 fb{sup {minus}1}.
Date:
April 23, 1999
Creator:
Baer, H.; Harris, B. W. & Tata, X.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library