Spent light water reactor fuel is to be moved out of the 324 Building. It is anticipated that intact fuel assemblies will be loaded in a modified Multi-Canister Overpack Canister, which in turn will be placed in an Overpack Transportation Cask. An estimate of gamma ray dose rates from a transportation cask is desired.

This System Design Description (SDD) is for the Master Equipment List Phase I (MEL). It has been prepared following the WI-IC-CM-3-10, ''Software Practices,'' (Ref. 6). This SDD describes the internal design for implementation of the MEL Phase I.

This report describes calibration studies for the quartz microbalance {number_sign}2 and problems with drift.

This project involves testing at six full-scale utility flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems, to evaluate low capital cost upgrades that may allow these systems to achieve up to 98% SO{sub 2} removal efficiency. The upgrades being evaluated mostly involve using additives in the FGD systems. The ``base`` project involved testing at the Tampa Electric Company Big Bend station. All five potential options to the base program have been exercised by DOE, involving testing at the Hoosier Energy Merom Station (Option 1), the Southwestern Electric Power Company Pirkey Station (Option 11), the PSI Energy Gibson Station (Option III), the Duquesne Light Elrama Station (Option IV), and the New York State Electric and Gas Corporation`s (NYSEG) Kintigh Station (Option V). Testing has been completed for all six sites. Following the introduction, this document divided into four sections. Section 2, Project Summary, provides a brief overview of the status of technical efforts on this project. Section 3, Results, summarizes the outcome from these technical efforts during the quarter. In Section 4, Plans for the Next Reporting Period, an overview is provided of the technical efforts that are anticipated for the second quarter of calendar year 1995. Section 5 contains a brief acknowledgement.

The objective of this report is to describe the modeling and optimization procedure for the electrochemical removal of nitrates and nitrites from low level radioactive wastes. The simulation is carried out in SPEEDUP{trademark}, which is a state of the art flowsheet modeling package. The flowsheet model will provide a better understanding of the process and aid in the scale-up of the system. For example, the flowsheet model has shown that the electrochemical cell must be operated in batch mode to achieve 95% destruction. The present status of the flowsheet model is detailed in this report along with a systematic description of the batch optimization of the electrochemical cell. Results from two batch runs and one optimization run are also presented.

Direct Chemical Oxidation (DCO) refers to the use of continuously-regenerated peroxydisulfate (with possible hydrogen peroxide supplements) to effect total destruction of organic wastes in aqueous media. The process does not involve toxic catalysts or the cogeneration of secondary wastes. Peroxydisulfate (S{sub 2}O{sub 8}{sup -2}) is one the strongest known chemical oxidants. It is routinely used in laboratory total carbon analyzers--uncatalyzed at 100{degrees}C, or catalyzed by UV, platinum or dissolved transition metal ions--and detects by oxidative destruction to 0.01 ppm levels. We report: (1) development of a waste treatment approach grounded in industrial electrolysis practice and in reaction rate data for Pt-initiated S{sub 2}O{sub 8}{sup -2} oxidation at 100{degrees}C; (2) tests of an electrochemical cell generating 1.5 N peroxydisulfate solutions; (3) lower-limit rate data for destruction of surrogates for chemical warfare agents and compounds with functional groups resisting oxidation; and (4) destruction of a Dowex{reg_sign} ion exchange resin, such as used in nuclear processing. This technique is particularly suited for applications in analytical laboratories or in manufacturing industries where the waste generation is low in volume, highly toxic or fugitive, or changing. The process may be tailored for destruction of very small to bulk quantities of chemical warfare agents.

We present a methodology for developing realistic synthetic strong ground motions for specific sites from specific earthquakes. We analyzed the possible ground motion resulting from a M = 7.25 earthquake that ruptures 82 km of the Hayward fault for a site 1.4 km from the fault in the eastern San Francisco Bay area. We developed a suite of 100 rupture scenarios for the Hayward fault earthquake and computed the corresponding strong ground motion time histories. We synthesized strong ground motion with physics-based solutions of earthquake rupture and applied physical bounds on rupture parameters. By having a suite of rupture scenarios of hazardous earthquakes for a fixed magnitude and identifying the hazard to the site from the statistical distribution of engineering parameters, we introduce a probabilistic component into the deterministic hazard calculation. Engineering parameters of synthesized ground motions agree with those recorded from the 1995 Kobe, Japan and the 1992 Landers, California earthquakes at similar distances and site geologies.

For several decades, computerized information processing systems and human information processing models have developed with a good deal of mutual influence. Any comprehensive psychology text in this decade uses terms that originated in the computer industry, such as ``cache`` and ``memory``, to describe human information processing. Likewise, many engineers today are using ``artificial intelligence``and ``artificial neural network`` computing tools that originated as models of human thought to solve industrial problems. This paper concerns a recently developed human information processing model, called ``concurrent information processing`` (CIP), and a related set of computing tools for solving industrial problems. The problem of focus is adaptive gauge monitoring; the application is pneumatic pressure repeaters (Holledge gauges) used to measure liquid level and density in the Defense Waste Processing Facility and the Integrated DWPF Melter System.

A prototype rf power source based on the Relativistic Klystron Two-Beam Accelerator (RK-TBA) concept is being constructed at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory to study physics, engineering, and costing issues. The prototype is described and compared to a full scale design appropriate for driving the Next Linear Collider (NLC). Specific details of the induction core tests and pulsed power system are presented. The 1-MeV, 1.2-kA induction gun currently under construction is also described in detail.

In an effort to determine the cesium decontamination factors (DF`s) of the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) melter off-gas system at the Savannah River Site, the system was verified during an off-gas performance test. The off-gas performance test occurred during the DWPF waste Qualification Campaigns, WP-16 and WP-17. The verification of the off-gas system, which eliminated the need for a startup test involving a radioactive cesium addition, was based on the analysis of nonradioactive cesium across the first and second stage High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filters. The amount of cesium on the first and second stage HEPA filters was determined by leaching samples from each HEPA filter with nitric acid and analyzing the leachate using Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The ICP-MS method has been demonstrated to be sufficiently sensitive to measure small quantities of cesium on filters. Based on the cesium results of the HEPA filter, cesium DF`s were calculated. The DF`s indicated that the DWPF HEPA filters performed better than the design basis. In addition to the HEPA filters, a determination of the cesium concentration in the melter feed, the canister glass and the off-gas condensate was made. These analyses provided information on cesium flow …

This project is divided into four tasks. We developed our Management Plan in Task 1. Task 2, Evaluation of Mechanisms in FGD Sorbent and Ash Interactions, focused on characteristics of binary mixtures of these distinct powders. Task 3, Evaluation of Mechanisms in Conditioning Agents and Ash, was designed to examine effects of various conditioning agents on fine ash particles to determine mechanisms by which these agents alter physical properties of ash. We began Tasks 2 and 3 with an extensive literature search and assembly of existing theories. We completed this phase of the project with publication of two special Topical Reports. In our literature reviews reported in Topical Reports 1 and 2, we emphasized the roles adsorbed water can have in controlling bulk properties of powders. During the next phase of the project we analyzed a variety of fly ashes and fine powders in the laboratory. The experiments we performed were primarily designed to define the extent to which water affects key properties of ashes, powders, and mixtures of sorbents and ashes. We have recently completed a series of pilot-scale tests designed to determine the effects that adsorbed water has on fabric filtration and electrostatic precipitation of entrained fly ash …

In a very general way, one can divide time-resolved experiments into two broad classes: (1) those that take advantage of techniques that permit data to be collected in a more rapid fashion and (2) those that take advantage of the natural time-structure or modulation of the radiation produced by storage ring sources. It is with the latter group of experiments that this report is primarily concerned. Researchers planning to use the time structure are considering both experiments that can be cyclically pumped and probed. The natural time-structure of the storage ring may not, unfortunately, be optimal for all time-resolved experiments.

A critical step in the fabrication of integrated circuits is the deposition of metal layers which interconnect the various circuit elements that have been formed in earlier process steps. In particular, columns of metal 2-3 times higher than the characteristic dimension of the circuit are needed. At the time of initiation of this CRADA, the state-of-the-art was the production of 1-1.5 micron-high columns for 0.5 micron-wide features with an expected reduction in size by a factor of two or more within five to ten years. Present commercial technologies cannot deposit such features with the process temperature, aspect ratio (ratio of height to diameter), and/or materials capability needed for future devices. This CRADA had the objective of developing a commercial tool capable of depositing metal (either copper or aluminum) at temperatures below 300{degrees}C into features with sizes approaching 0.2 micron on 200-mm wafers. The capability of future modification for deposition of alloys of controllable composition was also an important characteristic. The key technical accomplishments of this CRADA include the development of a system capable of delivering highly ionized metal plasmas, refinement of spectroscopic techniques for in situ monitoring of the ion/neutral ratio, use of these plasmas for filling and lining submicron …

Energy Conversions Incorporated has continued to work on the EMD-710 dual-fuel test cell in the second quarter of the project. The project is on schedule and is sticking to their original timeline. The tasks performed and percent complete are spark prechamber work--50% done; diesel prechamber work--50% done; gas compressor--100% complete; port injection work--50% complete; hydraulic gas inlet valve work--30% complete; knock board modifications--75% complete; test documentation--50% complete; record data from navy generator and offshore rigs--50% complete and single cylinder testing--50% complete. The authors continued to do much of their parts testing on single cylinder gas operation. The single cylinder testing will likely continue throughout the 710 development.

Due to the increasing demand for higher operating frequency, lower attenuation, and stronger piezoelectricity, use of the layered structure has become necessary. Theoretical studies are carried out for ultrasonic waves propagating in the multilayered piezoelectric substrates. Each layer processes up to as low as monoclinic symmetry with various thickness and orientation. A plane acoustic wave is assumed to be incident, at varied frequency and incidence angle, from a fluid upon a multilayered substrate. Simple analytical expressions for the reflection and transmission coefficients are derived from which all propagation characteristics are identified. Such expressions contain, as a by-product, the secular equation for the propagation of free harmonic waves on the multilayered piezoelectric substrates. Solutions are obtained for the individual layers which relate the field variables at the upper layer surfaces. The response of the total system proceeds by satisfying appropriate interfacial conditions across the layers. Based on the boundary conditions, two cases, {open_quotes}shorted{close_quotes} and {open_quotes}free{close_quotes}, are derived from which a so-called piezoelectric coupling factor is calculated to show the piezoelectric efficiency. Our results are rather general and show that the phase velocity is a function of frequency, layer thickness, and orientation.

Medical isotopes play an important role in the medical industry in both the United States and the world. Isotopes such as {sup 99}Tc, {sup 201}Tl, {sup 111}In, and {sup 123}I are utilized in diagnostic imaging studies, while others such as {sup 131}I and {sup 89}Sr are used as therapeutic agents. The particular medical isotope {sup 99m}Tc is used in 80% of all nuclear medical procedures in the United States. This isotope is produced from the decay of {sup 99}Mo, which has a 66 hour half-life. The importance of {sup 99m}Tc and the fact of its 6 hour half-life indicate the necessity to maintain a constant supply of {sup 99}Mo. The most prominent method for the production of significant quantities of {sup 99}Mo is by fission in highly-enriched uranium loaded targets. This paper describes the work performed at SNL for the production of {sup 99}Mo.

White Oak Dam is located in the White Oak Creek watershed which provides the primary surface drainage for Oak Ridge National Laboratory. A stability analysis was made on the dam by Syed Ahmed in January 1994 which included an evaluation of the liquefaction potential of the embankment and foundation. This report evaluates the stability of the dam and includes comments on the report prepared by Ahmed. Slope stability analyses were performed on the dam and included cases for sudden drawdown, steady seepage, partial pool and earthquake. Results of the stability analyses indicate that the dam is stable and failure of the structure would not occur for the cases considered. The report prepared by Ahmed leads to the same conclusions as stated above. Review of the report finds that it is complete, well documented and conservative in its selection of soil parameters. The evaluation of the liquefaction potential is also complete and this report is in agreement with the findings that the dam and foundation are not susceptible to liquefaction.

The Japanese U.S. Tropical Ocean Study (JUSTOS) cruise on the R/V KAIYO in the Tropical Western Pacific Ocean was a collaborative effort with participants from the Japanese Marine Science and Technology Center (JAMSTEC), the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), and Brookhaven National Laboratory BNL. This report is a summary of the instruments, measurements, and initial analysis of the BNL portion of the cruise only. It includes a brief description of the instrument system, calibration procedures, problems and resolutions, data collection, processing and data file descriptions. This is a working document, which is meant to provide both a good description of the work and as much information as possible in one place for future analysis.

This document shows the status of production test control tube loadings (at Hanford) in reactor process tubes containing significant amounts of SS materials. This information is entirely numerical and is presented in the form of computer printouts. For additional information on the column headings and the current discharge goal plan, refer to document DUN-1048.

Electrochemical destruction of nitrate in radioactive Savannah River Site Waste has been demonstrated in a bench-scale flow cell reactor. Greater than 99% of the nitrate can be destroyed in either an undivided or a divided cell reactor. The rate of destruction and the overall power consumption is dependent on the cell configuration and electrode materials. The fastest rate was observed using an undivided cell equipped with a nickel cathode and nickel anode. The use of platinized titanium anode increased the energy requirement and costs compared to a nickel anode in both the undivided and divided cell configurations.

This fact sheet contains a description of South Dakota's wind energy resources, and the state's financial incentives that support the installation of renewable energy systems. The fact sheet includes a list of contacts for those interested in obtaining more information.

Data sets that are being produced by today's simulations, such as the ones generated by DOE's ASCI program, are too large for real-time exploration and visualization. Therefore, new methods of visualizing these data sets need to be investigated. The authors present a method that combines isosurface representations of different resolutions into a seamless solution, virtually free of cracks and overlaps. The solution combines existing isosurface generation algorithms and wavelet theory to produce a real-time solution to multiple-resolution isosurfaces.

This study of adhesional strength and surface analysis of encapsulant and silicon cell samples from a Natural Bridges National Monument (NBNM) Spectrolab module is an attempt to understand from its success. The module was fabricated using polyvinyl butyral (PVB) as an encapsulant. The average adhesional shear strength of the encapsulant at the cell/encapsulant interface in this module was 4.51 MPa or {approximately} 18% lower than that in currently manufactured modules. Typical encapsulant surface composition was as follows: C 75.0 at.% O 23.2 at.%, and Si 1.6 at.%, with Ag {approximately}0.2 at.% and Pb {approximately} 0.5 at.% with some tin respectively over the grid lines and solder bond. Representative silicon cell surface composition was: K 1.4 at.%, C 20.8 at.%, Sn 0.94 at.%, O 15.1 at.%, Na 2.7 at.% and Si 59.0 at.%. The presence of tin detected on the silicon cell surface may be attributed to corrosion of solder bond. The module differs from typical contemporary modules in the use of PVB, metallic mesh type interconnection, and silicon oxide AR coating.

The newly revised standard, IEEE Std 929-2000, has significant positive implications for those designing inverters for utility-interconnected PV systems and for designers and installers of such systems. A working group of roughly 20 people, including PV systems designers/installers, PV inverter manufacturers and utility engineers spent close to 3 years developing a standard that would be useful and beneficial to all.