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12,020 Matching Results
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Toxic vapor cloud impacts from accidental releases of anhydrous ammonia and nitrogen dioxide at the ICPP NO sub x Abatement Facility
This report evaluates potential atmospheric and human health impacts that may result from accidental releases of anhydrous ammonia and nitrogen dioxide at the Idaho Chemical Processing Plant (ICPP) NO{sub x} Abatement Facility. Excess process gas releases are evaluated using a traditional Gaussian puff model. Dense two-phase aerosol releases from an 18,000 gallon liquefied ammonia storage tank and a 6,000 gallon tanker truck accident are evaluated using the refined vapor dispersion model, SLAB. The SLAB results are also compared to those using the neutral-buoyancy puff model. A SLAB sensitivity analysis is presented which examines various combinations of ambient temperatures and wind speeds in order to determine worst-case downwind air concentrations. The results from the storage tank releases indicated that potentially serious ammonia concentrations (greater than 1000 ppm) could result at downwind distances ranging from 150 meters (relief valve malfunction) to approximately 3 kilometers (catastrophic tank failure). The tank failure scenario produced concentrations that could be rapidly fatal (greater than 5000 ppm) out to 1.3 kilometers. Under worst-case meteorological dispersion conditions, recognized exposure limits (IDLH, TLV-STEL) were exceeded for very large distances (greater than 15 kilometers).
Date:
April 1, 1992
Creator:
Abbott, M.L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Radiological Dose Calculations for Fusion Facilities
This report summarizes the results and rationale for radiological dose calculations for the maximally exposed individual during fusion accident conditions. Early doses per unit activity (Sieverts per TeraBecquerel) are given for 535 magnetic fusion isotopes of interest for several release scenarios. These data can be used for accident assessment calculations to determine if the accident consequences exceed Nuclear Regulatory Commission and Department of Energy evaluation guides. A generalized yearly dose estimate for routine releases, based on 1 Terabecquerel unit releases per radionuclide, has also been performed using averaged site parameters and assumed populations. These routine release data are useful for assessing designs against US Environmental Protection Agency yearly release limits.
Date:
April 1, 2003
Creator:
Abbott, Michael L.; Cadwallader, Lee C. & Petti, David A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
An automated vacuum gauge calibration system
An automated system for calibrating vacuum gauges over the pressure range of 10{sup {minus}6} to 0.1 Pa was designed and constructed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for the Department of Energy (DOE) Primary Standards Laboratory at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL). Calculable pressures are generated by passing a known flow of gas through an orifice of known conductance. The orifice conductance is derived from dimensional measurements and accurate flows are generated using metal capillary leaks. The expanded uncertainty (k = 2) in the generated pressure is estimated to be between 1% and 4% over the calibration range. The design, calibration results. and component uncertainties will be discussed.
Date:
April 1, 1998
Creator:
Abbott, P. J. & Benner, M. S.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Flywheel energy storage using superconducting magnetic bearings
Storage of electrical energy on a utility scale is currently not practicable for most utilities, preventing the full utilization of existing base-load capacity. A potential solution to this problem is Flywheel Energy Storage (FES), made possible by technological developments in high-temperature superconducting materials. Commonwealth Research Corporation (CRC), the research arm of Commonwealth Edison Company, and Argonne National Laboratory are implementing a demonstration project to advance the state of the art in high temperature superconductor (HTS) bearing performance and the overall demonstration of efficient Flywheel Energy Storage. Currently, electricity must be used simultaneously with its generation as electrical energy storage is not available for most utilities. Existing storage methods either are dependent on special geography, are too expensive, or are too inefficient. Without energy storage, electric utilities, such as Commonwealth Edison Company, are forced to cycle base load power plants to meet load swings in hourly customer demand. Demand can change by as much as 30% over a 12-hour period and result in significant costs to utilities as power plant output is adjusted to meet these changes. HTS FES systems can reduce demand-based power plant cycling by storing unused nighttime capacity until it is needed to meet daytime demand.
Date:
April 1, 1994
Creator:
Abboud, R. G.; Uherka, K.; Hull, J. & Mulcahy, T.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Multiphoton physics with x-rays: Two photon K-shell ionization of chlorine
A calculation of the two X-ray K-shell photoionization cross section of chlorine will be presented and the feasibility of an experiment will be discussed.
Date:
April 1, 1993
Creator:
Abdallah, J.; Collins, L. A.; Csanak, G.; Kyrala, G. A. & Schappert, G. T.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
INTOR Impurity Control and First Wall System
The highlights of the recent INTOR effort on examining the key issues of the impurity control/first wall system are summarized. The emphasis of the work was an integrated study of the edge-region physics, plasma-wall interaction, materials, engineering and magnetic considerations associated with the poloidal divertor and pump limiter. The development of limiter and divertor collector plate designs with an acceptable lifetime was a major part of the work.
Date:
April 1, 1983
Creator:
Abdou, M. A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Results from Sage
The Russian-American Gallium Solar Neutrino Experiment (SAGE) is described. Beginning in September 1992, SAGE II data were taken with 55 tons of Ga and with significantly reduced backgrounds. The solar neutrino flux measured by 31 extractions through October 1993 is presented. The result of 69 {+-} 10 +5/{minus}7 SNU is to be compared with a Standard Solar Model prediction of 132 SNU.
Date:
April 1, 1996
Creator:
Abdurashitov, J. N.; Gavrin, V. N. & Girin, S. V.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Electrostatic design of the barrel CRID (Cherenkov Ring Imaging Detector) and associated measurements
We report on the electrostatic design and related measurements of the barrel Cherenkov Ring Imaging Detector for the Stanford Large Detector experiment at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Linear Collider. We include test results of photon feedback in TMAE-laden gas, distortion measurements in the drift boxes and corona measurements. 13 refs., 21 figs.
Date:
April 1, 1990
Creator:
Abe, K.; Hasegawa, K.; Suekane, F.; Yuta, H. (Tohoku Univ., Sendai (Japan). Dept. of Physics); Antilogus, P.; Aston, D. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Effects of gamma-ray irradiation on M1 propellant
Samples of M1 single-base propellant were exposed to 10{sup 5}, 10{sup 6}, and 10{sup 7}r of Co{sup 60} gamma rays. Burning rates were determined over a pressure range of 600 to 2600 psi at -40{degrees}, 21{degrees}, and 71{degrees}C. A statistical study indicated no significant change in the burning rate and a small but statistically significant increase (6%) in the exponential factor n after the 10{sup 7}r dose. Visible deterioration resulted, as the color changed from yellow to dark brown and the surface became uneven. In view of these marked visible effects, the slight change in burning rate is surprising. One sample exposed to 5 {times} 10{sup 8}r showed severe blistering, swelling, and contraction, and embrittlement causing fracture. Nitrogen Taliani tests conducted at 110{degrees}C indicated that the decomposition rate is decreased by exposure to 10{sup 5}r, is decreased less by 10{sup 6}r, and remains unchanged after 10{sup 7}r exposure. Chemical analysis showed that the percentage of 2-nitrodiphenylamine increases with dose by a factor of 7 at 10{sup 7}r, while, at the same time, the nitrogen content of the nitrocellulose decreases with increasing dose. This indicates that a substantial part of the nitrocellulose decomposition product had reacted with the diphenylamine stabilizer. It …
Date:
April 1, 1964
Creator:
Abel, J.E.; Mapes, J.E. & Levy, P.W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Scintillating glass fiber neutron senors
Cerium-doped lithium-silicate glass fibers have been developed at Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) for use as thermal neutron detectors. By using highly-enriched {sup 6} Li , these fibers efficiently capture thermal neutrons and produce scintillation light that can be detected at the ends of the fibers. Advantages of scintillating fibers over {sup 3}He or BF{sub 3} proportional tubes include flexibility in geometric configuration, ruggedness in high-vibration environments, and less detector weight for the same neutron sensitivity. This paper describes the performance of these scintillating fibers with regard to count rates, pulse height spectra, absolute efficiencies, and neutron/gamma discrimination. Fibers with light transmission lengths (1/e) of greater than 2 m have been produced at PNL. Neutron sensors in fiber form allow development of a variety of neutron detectors packaged in previously unavailable configurations. Brief descriptions of some of the devices already produced are included to illustrate these possibilities.
Date:
April 1, 1994
Creator:
Abel, K. H.; Arthur, R. J. & Bliss, M.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Scintillating glass fiber-optic neutron sensors
Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) has fabricated cerium-activated lithium silicate scintillating fibers via a hot-downdraw process. These fibers, which, as produced, typically have a transmission length (e{sup {minus}1} length) of greater than 2 meters, are found to undergo aging when subjected to room air. The aging, which is complete in a few weeks, reduces the transmission length to the order of 0.5 meter. Because of the high alkali content of the glass (on the order of 20--30 mole % lithia), we have attributed this aging to aqueous corrosion oat the polymer cladding/glass interface. changes in transmission with chemical treatment of the surface support the corrosion model. Fiber transmission performance has been preserved by modifying the hot-downdraw to a double crucible to produce glass-on-glass waveguides.
Date:
April 1, 1994
Creator:
Abel, K. H.; Arthur, R. J. & Bliss, M.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
RESIDUAL RADIONUCLIDE DISTRIBUTION AND INVENTORY AT THE DRESDEN UNIT ONE NUCLEAR GENERATING PLANT
None
Date:
April 1, 1984
Creator:
Abel, K. H.; Robertson, D. E.; Lepel, E. A. & Leale, M. W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Laser barometer
This paper describes an invention of a pressure measuring instrument which uses laser radiation to sense the pressure in an enclosed environment by means of measuring the change in refractive index of a gas - which is pressure dependent.
Date:
April 1, 1998
Creator:
Abercrombie, K.R.; Shiels, D. & Rash, T.
Object Type:
Patent
System:
The UNT Digital Library
MCNP{trademark} Software Quality Assurance plan
MCNP is a computer code that models the interaction of radiation with matter. MCNP is developed and maintained by the Transport Methods Group (XTM) of the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). This plan describes the Software Quality Assurance (SQA) program applied to the code. The SQA program is consistent with the requirements of IEEE-730.1 and the guiding principles of ISO 900.
Date:
April 1, 1996
Creator:
Abhold, H.M. & Hendricks, J.S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Analysis of human factors effects on the safety of transporting radioactive waste materials: Technical report
This report examines the extent of human factors effects on the safety of transporting radioactive waste materials. It is seen principally as a scoping effort, to establish whether there is a need for DOE to undertake a more formal approach to studying human factors in radioactive waste transport, and if so, logical directions for that program to follow. Human factors effects are evaluated on driving and loading/transfer operations only. Particular emphasis is placed on the driving function, examining the relationship between human error and safety as it relates to the impairment of driver performance. Although multi-modal in focus, the widespread availability of data and previous literature on truck operations resulted in a primary study focus on the trucking mode from the standpoint of policy development. In addition to the analysis of human factors accident statistics, the report provides relevant background material on several policies that have been instituted or are under consideration, directed at improving human reliability in the transport sector. On the basis of reported findings, preliminary policy areas are identified. 71 refs., 26 figs., 5 tabs.
Date:
April 1, 1989
Creator:
Abkowitz, Mark D.; Abkowitz, Susan B. & Lepofsky, Mark
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The role of catalyst precursor anions in coal gasification. Fifth quarterly report
The aims of the proposed project are to enrich our understanding of the roles of various aqueous soluble catalyst precursor anions on the surface electrical properties of coal and to ascertain the influence of the surface charge on the adsorption, dispersion, and activities of calcium and potassium. These goals will be achieved by impregnating a demineralized North Dakota lignite (PSOC 1482) with calcium or potassium catalyst precursors containing acetate (CH{sub 3}COO{sup {minus}}), chloride (Cl{sup {minus}}), nitrate (NO{sub 3}{sup {minus}}), sulfate (SO{sub 4}{sup 2{minus}}), and carbonate (CO{sub 3}{sup 2{minus}}) anions. Demineralization of the coal has been completed. In the past quarter, the effects of chloride anion on the surface charge properties of the demineralized coal has been studied using calcium or potassium chlorides. Like the compounds investigated previously, increasing anion concentrations produce less negative charge on the coal surface through the interaction of calcium or potassium ions with the surface. To date, Fourier transform infrared studied aimed at an understanding of the interaction between the metal ions (Ca{sup 2+} or {sup K+}) and the coal surface oxygen functionality has not been very informative, most probably due to the high infrared absorption by coal. For this reason, we have procured a resin, …
Date:
April 1, 1993
Creator:
Abotsi, G. M. K.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Measurement of direct photon emission in the K(L) ---> pi+ pi- gamma decay mode
In this paper the KTeV collaboration reports the analysis of 112.1 x 10{sup 3} candidate K{sub L} {yields} {pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}{gamma} decays including a background of 671 {+-} 41 events with the objective of determining the photon production mechanisms intrinsic to the decay process. These decays have been analyzed to extract the relative contributions of the Cp violating bremsstrahlung process and the CP conserving M1 and CP violating E1 direct photon emission processes. The M1 direct photon emission amplitude and its associated vector form factor parameterized as |{bar g}{sub M1}|(1 + a{sub 1}/a{sub 2}/(M{sub {rho}}{sup 2}-M{sub K}{sup 2}) + 2M{sub K}E{sub {gamma}}) have been measured to be |{bar g}{sub M1}| = 1.198 {+-} 0.035(stat) {+-} 0.086(syst) and a{sub 1}/a{sub 2} = =0.738 {+-} 0.007(stat) {+-} 0.018(syst) GeV{sup 2}/c{sup 2} respectively. An upper limit for the CP violating E1 direct emission amplitude |g{sub E1}| {le} 0.1 (90%CL) has been found. The overall ratio of direct photon emission (DE) to total photon emission including the bremsstrahlung process (IB) has been determined to be DE/(DE + IB) = 0.689 {+-} 0.021 for E{sub {gamma}} {ge} 20 MeV.
Date:
April 1, 2006
Creator:
Abouzaid, E.; Arenton, M.; Barker, A. R.; Bellantoni, L.; Bellavance, A.; Blucher, E. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Design and testing of the 2 MV heavy ion injector for the Fusion Energy Research Program
The Fusion Energy Research Group at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory has constructed and tested a pulsed 2 MV injector that produces a driver size beam of potassium ions. This paper describes the engineering aspects of this development which were generated in a closely coupled effort with the physics staff. Details of the ion source and beam transport physics are covered in another paper at this conference. This paper discusses the design details of the pulse generator, the ion source, the extractor, the diode column, and the electrostatic quadrupole column. Included will be the test results and operating experience of the complete injector.
Date:
April 1, 1995
Creator:
Abraham, W.; Benjegerdes, R.; Reginato, L.; Stoker, J.; Hipple, R.; Peters, C. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
User systems guidelines for software projects
This manual presents guidelines for software standards which were developed so that software project-development teams and management involved in approving the software could have a generalized view of all phases in the software production procedure and the steps involved in completing each phase. Guidelines are presented for six phases of software development: project definition, building a user interface, designing software, writing code, testing code, and preparing software documentation. The discussions for each phase include examples illustrating the recommended guidelines. 45 refs. (DWL)
Date:
April 1, 1986
Creator:
Abrahamson, L. (ed.)
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Field emission from carbon films deposited by VHF CVD on difference substrates
As previously demonstrated, non-diamond carbon (NDC) films deposited at low temperatures 200-300 C on silicon tips reduced the threshold of field emission. In this paper we will present the results of the study of field emission from flat NDC films prepared by VHF CVD. Emission measurements were performed in a diode configuration at approximately 10{sup {minus}10} Torr. NDC films were deposited on ceramic and on c-Si substrates sputter coated with layers of Ti, Cu, Ni and Pt. The back contact material influences the emission characteristics but not as a direct correlation to work function. A model of field emission from metal-NDC film structures will be discussed.
Date:
April 1, 1999
Creator:
Abramov, A A; Andronov, A N; Felter, T E; Ioffe, A F; Kosarev, A I; Shotov, M V et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Bibliography for the Satellite Power System (SPS) Concept Development and Evaluation Program
This bibliography encompasses systems definition and engineering aspects; environmental assessment of microwave health and ecology, risks to space workers and atmospheric effects; a societal assessment covering resource requirements (land and materials) international and institutional issues; and a comparative assessment of the SPS Reference System relative to other advanced energy technologies, such as fusion. (MHR)
Date:
April 1, 1981
Creator:
Abromavage, M.; Calzadilla, R. & Murray, M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Project health and safety plan for the Gunite and Associated Tanks at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
The Lockheed Martin Energy Systems, Inc. (Energy Systems) policy is to provide a safe and healthful workplace for all employees and subcontractors. The accomplishment of this policy requires that operations at the Gunite and Associated Tanks (GAAT) in the North and South Tank Farms (NTF and STF) at the Department of Energy (DOE) Oak Ridge National Laboratory are guided by an overall plan and consistent proactive approach to health and safety (H and S) issues. The policy and procedures in this plan apply to all GAAT operations in the NTF and STF. The provisions of this plan are to be carried out whenever activities identifies s part of the GAAT are initiated that could be a threat to human health or the environment. This plan implements a policy and establishes criteria for the development of procedures for day-to-day operations to prevent or minimize any adverse impact to the environment and personnel safety and health and to meet standards that define acceptable management of hazardous and radioactive materials and wastes. The plan is written to utilize past experience and best management practices in order to minimize hazards to human health or the environment from events such as fires, explosions, falls, mechanical …
Date:
April 1, 1997
Creator:
Abston, J. P.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Evolution of Electronic Properties of (Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS)-Based Solar Cells During a 3-Stage Growth Process: Preprint
We investigated the electronic properties of ZnO/CdS/CIGS /Mo/SLG polycrystalline thin-film solar cells with compositions ranging from Cu-rich to In(Ga)-rich by deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) and capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements. This compositional change represents the evolution of the film during growth by the 3-stage process. Two sets (four samples each) of CIGS thin films were prepared with Ga/(In+Ga) ratios of~0.3 (low Ga) and~0.6 (high Ga). The Cu/(In+Ga) ratio ranges from 1.24 (Cu-rich) to 0.88 (In(Ga)-rich). The films were treated with NaCN to remove the Cu2-xSe phase where needed. Key results include: (1) For low-Ga devices, DLTS data show that acceptor-like traps dominate in samples where CIGS grains do not go through the Cu-rich to In(Ga)-rich transition, whereas donor-like traps dominate in In(Ga)-rich samples. Therefore, we see a clear transformation of defects from acceptor-like to donor-like traps. The activation energies of these traps range from 0.12 to 0.63 eV. We also observed that NaCN treatment eliminates a deep minority trap in the In(Ga)-rich devices, (2) For high-Ga devices, only majority-carrier traps were detected. These traps again range from shallow to deep, (3) The carrier concentration around the junction and the density of traps decrease as the CIGS becomes more In(Ga)-rich.
Date:
April 1, 2003
Creator:
AbuShama, J. A.; Johnston, S.; Ahrenkiel, R.; Crandall, R.; Young, D. & Noufi, R.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Search for Large Extra Dimensions in the Production of Jets and Missing Transverse Energy in ppbar Collisions at s**(1/2) = 1.96 TeV
The authors present the results of a search for new physics in the jets plus missing transverse energy data sample collected from 368 pb{sup -1} of p{bar p} collisions at {radical}s = 1.96 TeV recorded by the Collider Detector at Fermilab. They compare the number of events observed in the data with a data-based estimate of the standard model backgrounds contributing to this signature. They observe no significant excess of events, and they interpret this null result in terms of lower limits on the fundamental Planck scale for a large extra dimensions scenario.
Date:
April 1, 2006
Creator:
Abulencia, A.; Acosta, D.; Adelman, Jahred A.; Affolder, T.; Akimoto, T.; Albrow, M.G. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library