Analytical studies are made to predict space-time dependent concentrations of radionuclides transported through water-saturated fractured porous rock. A basic model, which is expected to generate conservative results when used in long-term safety assessment of geologic repositories for radioactive waste, is established. Applicability and limitations of the model are investigated. 67 refs., 54 figs., 3 tabs.

A precision measurement of neutrino-electron elastic scattering from a beam stop neutrino source at LAMPF is proposed. The total error in sin/sup 2/theta/sub W/ is estimated to be +-0.89/percent/. The experiment also will be sensitive to neutrino oscillations and supernova-neutrino bursts, and should set improved limits on the neutrino-charge radius and magnetic-dipole moment. The detector consists of a 2.5-million-gallon tank of water with approximately 14,000 photomultiplier tubes lining the surfaces of the tank. Neutrino-electron scattering events will be observed from the /hacek C/erenkov radiation emitted by the electrons in the water. 19 refs.

Imaging diagnostics are used for spatially/emdash/and temporally/emdash/resolved quantitative measurements of plasma properties such as the ionization particle source, particle and energy loss, and impurity radiation in magnetically confined fusion plasmas. Diagnostics equipped with multi-element solid-state detectors (often with image intensifiers) are well suited to the environment of large fusion machines with high magnetic field and x-ray and neutron fluxes. We have both conventional (16msframe) and highspeed video cameras to measure neutral deuterium H/sub ..cap alpha../ (6563 /angstrom/) emissions from fusion plasmas. Continuous high-speed measurements are made with video cameras operating at 0.1 to 0.5 msframe; gated cameras provide snapshots of 10 to 100 ..mu..s during each 16-ms video frame. Digital data acquisition and absolute intensity calibrations of the cameras enable detailed quantitative source measurements: these are extremely important in determining the particle balance of the plasma. In a liner confinement device, radial transport can be determined from the total particle balance. In a toroidal confinement device, the details of particle recycling can be determined. Optical imaging in other regions of the spectrum are also important, particularly for the diverter region of large tokamaks. Absolutely calibrated infrared cameras have been used to image to temperature changes in the wall and thereby …

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The Hanford Meterological Station (HMS) provides meteorological and climatological services to the Department of Energy in Richland and its contractors. On a 24-hour basis, the HMS measures, records, and archives meteorological data collected hourly throughout the year. The current data base consists of five components: wind telemetry stations, doppler acoustic sounders (SODAR), 200-ft towers, 410-ft tower at the HMS, and surface weather observations at the HMS. The wind telemetry station data, 410-ft tower data, and surface weather observation data are archived into yearly ACSII files, and the remaining components are permanently archived in binary from on magnetic tape. The future data base will consist of the same five components, but all components will be permanently archived into yearly ASCII files. Quality assurance computer programs will be written to validate the current data base, and data archival program will be written to improve the archival method that is currently used. 7 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.

This report provides information on the preliminary design of Umatilla Fish Hatchery near Irrigon, Oregon. The fish hatchery will be capable of rearing steelhead and chinook with an initial capacity of 290,000 pounds. Future expansion will allow for a total capacity of 500,000 pounds if the initial production goals are met. The hatchery will consist of both Oregon and Michigan style ponds. The Oregon ponds are similar to those at Irrigon. The Michigan ponds are more narrow and shallow, are self cleaning, and use oxygen supplementation to obtain higher rearing densities as is currently being done in the state of Michigan. The Oregon ponds are a two-pass system with the capability to convert to Michigan style ponds, if this mode of operation proves to be an effective method in the west. The Michigan ponds are three-pass with the capability to expand to four-pass.

Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) is developing a process for destroying hazardous organics and chlorinated organics in aqueous solutions. The process is targeted at liquid waste streams that are difficult and costly to treat with conventional or developing technologies. Examples of these waste streams include contaminated groundwater and surface water and industrial wastewater. Aqueous solutions are treated with a transition metal catalyst at 300/degree/C to 460/degree/C and 2000 to 5000 psig pressure to convert the wastes to innocuous gases. During proof-of-principle tests conducted in a 1-L batch reactor, destruction of over 99/percent/ (in most cases approaching 99.9/percent/) of the organic material was achieved. Hexone (methyl is isobutyl ketone, MIBK), p-cresol, hexane, benzene, and naphthalene were used as model waste materials. The only major product with all of the organic compounds was a gas containing 50/percent/ to 75/percent/ methane, 25/percent/ to 45/percent/ carbon dioxide, and 0/percent) to 5/percent/ hydrogen. Reduced nickel was the only effective catalyst and that the optimal operating conditions for destroying nonchlorinated organics were 350/degree/C to 400/degree/C, 2000 to 4000 psig, and 30/endash/ to 60/endash/min residence time. These tests also indicated that catalyst deactivation or fouling would not be a problem at these conditions. Chlorobenzene and trichloroethylene (TEC), were …

It has been nearly eight years since the group led by Lubimov first saw evidence for a finite neutrino mass in the tritium beta decay spectrum. Their measurement provided a great stimulus to the field; the number of experiments currently underway reflects the significance of their claim. The fact that further data are only now beginning to appear reflects the difficulty of this measurement. As an introduction to related papers in these proceedings, we briefly consider the key elements involved in neutrino-mass measurements using tritium beta decay and list the experiments currently underway in the field. 5 refs., 1 tab.

A status report on SLC commissioning is given, with special emphasis on recent progress in the Arcs and Final Focus. 50 refs.

In this report we study the effects of injection jitter on emittance growth, and hence on luminosity, in the improved linac with stronger focusing, and for the new bunch parameters. We consider both cases when Landau damping has been invoked, and when it has not been.

This report examines the ability of a numerical model--the optimizing NOABL model--to predict wind speeds and gross turbine power outputs over an area of complex terrain. To achieve this end, wind observations from a data set of high spatial density are compared to model predictions of the wind. Additionally, gross turbine powers, derived from the wind observations, are compared to the same quantity calculated from model-derived wind speeds. The model is operated using two approaches. With the first approach, The model is operated repeatedly in an attempt to construct wind speed frequency distributions over the modeled area; from these distributions mean speeds and gross powers are determined. With the second approach, the model is run only once using mean speeds as input. When the first approach is used, it is found that the wind speed and turbine power prediction errors are about 5% and 11%, respectively. When the second approach is employed, the wind speed and power prediction errors are about 5% and 13%, respectively. (Because the gross turbine power does not include many factors that influence turbine performance, the error in model predictions of actual turbine power is likely to be substantially higher, although this is no fault of …

A tokamak systems code capable of modeling experimental test reactors has been developed and is described in this document. The code, named TETRA (for Tokamak Engineering Test Reactor Analysis), consists of a series of modules, each describing a tokamak system or component, controlled by an optimizer/driver. This code development was a national effort in that the modules were contributed by members of the fusion community and integrated into a code by the Fusion Engineering Design Center. The code has been checked out on the Cray computers at the National Magnetic Fusion Energy Computing Center and has satisfactorily simulated the Tokamak Ignition/Burn Experimental Reactor II (TIBER) design. A feature of this code is the ability to perform optimization studies through the use of a numerical software package, which iterates prescribed variables to satisfy a set of prescribed equations or constraints. This code will be used to perform sensitivity studies for the proposed International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). 22 figs., 29 tabs.

The primary purpose of this report is to provide a thorough and systematic planning document to reflect the continuing process of site assessment, strategy development, and planning for the current and long-term control of environmental issues, waste management practices, and remedial action requirements. The docuemnt also provides an estimate of the resources required to implement the current plan. This document is not intended to be a budget document: it is, however, intended to provide guidance to both Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc., and the US Department of Energy (DOE) Management as to the near order of magnitude of the resources (primarily funding requirements) and the time frame required to execute the strategy in the present revision of the plan. The near-term (one to three years) part of the plan is a realistic assessment of the current program and ongoing capital projects and reflects the efforts preceived to be necessary to comply with all current state and federal regulations and DOE orders. It also should be in general agreement with current budget (funding) requests and obligations for these immediate years. Beyond the immediate time frame, the document reflects the strategy and the project and funding estimates as a snapshot at the …

The data base for thermal expansion, elastic constants, compressive and tensile failure strengths and secondary thermal creep of leading solid-breeder (Li/sub 2/O, Li/sub 4/SiO/sub 4/, and LiAlO/sub 2/) and multiplier (Be) materials is reviewed, porosity, grain size, and stress (for thermal creep). Because the data base is rather sparse in some areas, general properties of ceramics and metals are used to help guide the formulation of the correlations. The primary purpose of the data base summary and correlation development is to pave the way for stress analysis sensitivity studies. These studies will help determine which properties are important enough to structural lifetime and deformation assessments to require more data. 18 refs., 5 figs., 20 tabs.

We briefly review the physics of CP violation and the interest of studying this phenomenon in the B-meson system. The need for very large numbers of B-decays is shown, and a number of approaches for B-factories are compared. In particular, e/sup +/e/sup /minus// linear and circular colliders are discussed in some detail, with specific examples presented. 31 refs., 22 figs., 5 tabs.

A pulsed laser/pulsed EMAT (electromagnetic acoustic transducer) receiver system has been demonstrated for measuring the time of flight of acoustic signals in hot steel samples. Attenuation and signal-to-noise ratio are important parameters to be monitored. A continuous contact EMAT application was not achieved; thermal analysis found that contact times of 5 seconds with cooling times of 45 seconds are required at 1300/degree/C. The equipment requires field hardening and improved packaging before system reliability can be assessed. 22 refs., 35 figs. (DLC)

Several key aspects of carbon erosion/redeposition in fusion devices have been examined. These include the effects of an oblique magnetic field geometry plasma sheath on ion impingement and sputtering, and the effect of surface hydrogen buildup on sputtering. The calculations use a version of the MEASTRI hydrogen implantation code and a cloud-in-cell type sheath code. Time dependent erosion calculations have been made for the TFTR bumper limiter, using the REDEP erosion/redeposition code with updated sheath and sputtering modes. The computed plasma carbon content during a TFTR limiter deconditioning'' run and for a supershot'' beam heating case is similar to measured values. The calculations predict that depletion of the near surface graphite hydrogen concentration enhances the self and hydrogen sputtering coefficients. This mechanism provides an explanation for the larger Z-effective values observed on TFTR immediately after limiter conditioning. 21 refs., 6 figs.

Two dimensional calculations of impurtiy transport in a high recycling divertor scrape-off region have been made with an updated version of the ZTRANS Monte Carlo computer code. The calculations use plasma parameters for the Doublet 3 divertor, as computed by the Planet Fluid Transport Code. The effects of electric field, particle drift velocities, and thermal forces are included in the calculations. For all impurity species studied, it is found that impurity transport is dominated by frictional forces, over most of the scrape-off region. Light impurities, however, impinge substantially closer to the divertor plate center than do heavy impurities, which tend to impinge at the outer plate boundary. 8 refs., 4 figs., 2 tabs.

Plasma disruptions are an ever present danger to the plasma-facing components in today's tokamak fusion reactors. This threat results from our lack of understanding and limited ability to control this complex phenomenon. In particular, severe energy deposition occurs on the divertor component of the double-null configured tokamak reactor during such disruptions. A hybrid computational model developed to estimate and graphically illustrate global thermal effects of disruptions on the divertor plates is described in detail. The quasi-two-dimensional computer code, TADDPAK (Thermal Analysis Divertor during Disruptions PAcKage), is used to conduct parametric analysis for the TIBER II Tokamak Engineering Test Reactor Design. The dependence of these thermal effects on divertor material choice, disruption pulse length, disruption pulse shape, and the characteristic thickness of the plasma scrape-off layer is investigated for this reactor design. Results and conclusions from this analysis are presented. Improvements to this model and issues that require further investigation are discussed. Cursory analysis for ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor) is also presented in the appendix. 75 refs., 49 figs., 10 tabs.

Power loss studies were carried out to determine the impurity radiation and energy transport characteristics of various TFTR operation and confinement regimes including L-Mode, detached plasma, co-only neutral beam injection (energetic ion regime), and the enhanced confinement (''supershot'') regime. Combined bolometric, spectroscopic, and infrared photometry measurements provide a picture of impurity behavior and power accounting in TFTR. The purpose of this paper is to make a survey of the various regimes with the aim of determining the radiated power signatures of each. 10 refs., 6 figs., 1 tab.

Efforts in this period focused on refining the plans for engineering analysis and fundamental experiments based on the results of a literature review, and modifying the Malvern laser diffraction particle sizer to operate at particle sizes down to 0.5 microns. The engineering analysis plan is to concentrate on development of new models and adaptation of existing models for fine particulate formation by three categories of mechanisms: particle breakup/ash coalescence; direct passage, fragmentation, or agglomeration of extraneous mineral matter; and bubble formation/breakup. The plan for fundamental experiments is to develop a fast, online, optical particle sizing technique which will span the 0.5 to 10 micron size range of interest; to perform global experiments to identify the important parameters affecting fine particle formation; and to perform mechanistic experiments to test specific hypotheses about the mechanisms which control fine particle formation in coal combustion.

Efforts in this period focused on refining the plans for engineering analysis and fundamental experiments based on the results of a literature review, and modifying the Malvern laser diffraction particle sizer to operate at particle sizes down to 0.5 microns. The engineering analysis plan is to concentrate on development of new models and adaptation of existing models for fine particulate formation by three categories of mechanisms: particle breakup/ash coalescence; direct passage, fragmentation, or agglomeration of extraneous mineral matter; and bubble formation/breakup. The plan for fundamental experiments is to develop a fast, online, optical particle sizing technique which will span the 0.5 to 10 micron size range of interest; to perform global experiments to identify the important parameters affecting fine particle formation; and to perform mechanistic experiments to test specific hypotheses about the mechanisms which control fine particle formation in coal combustion.

This proposed 24 hour ORNL SARA/OSHA training curriculum emphasizes health and safety concerns in hazardous waste operations as well as methods of worker protection. Consistent with guidelines for hazardous waste site activities developed jointly by National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, US Coast Guard, and the Envirorunental Protection Agency, the program material will address Basic Training for General Site Workers to include: ORNL Site Safety Documentation, Safe Work Practices, Nature of Anticipated Hazards, Handling Emergencies and Self-Rescue, Employee Rights and Responsibilities, Demonstration of Use, Care, and Limitations of Personal Protective, Clothing and Equipment, and Demonstration of Monitoring Equipment and Sampling Techniques. The basic training courses includes major fundamentals of industrial hygiene presented to the workers in a format that encourages them to assume responsibility for their own safety and health protection. Basic course development has focused on the special needs of ORNL facilities. Because ORNL generates chemical wastes, radioactive wastes, and mixed wastes, we have added significant modules on radiation protection in general, as well as modules on radiation toxicology and on radiation protective clothing and equipment.

The very high luminosities (>>10/sup 32/cm/sup /minus/2/sec/sup /minus/1/) available in the Fermilab fixed target experimental areas offer immediate opportunities for producing large samples (>10/sup 8/ of B hadrons in individual experiments. The possibilities of accumulating large samples of B decays are limited by experimental techniques and trigger strategies and not by available luminosity. At the present time one experiment, E771, is approved to begin B physics experimentation and several other experimental possibilities are being discussed. Some of the problems and the potential of B experiments at fixed target energies as B factories are discussed.