The low compressive strength of Kevlar reinforced composites causes concern about the ability of these materials to withstand bearing loads in bolted joints. This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation of the pin bearing load-deflection response of (0/90/+-45), (0/90) and (+-45) Kevlar 49 fabric/epoxy laminates. Laminate thicknesses from 0.075 in. to 0.300 in. were examined for pin diameters ranging from 0.125 in. to 0.500 in. Results of this study revealed three significant points: (1) a synergistic effect takes place in the (0/90/+-45) ply stacking sequence which results in higher yield and ultimate strengths than the (0/90) and (+-45) laminates; (2) bearing strength varies inversely with pin diameter, probably due to the statistical strength behavior of these materials; and (3) nominal bearing yield strengths are very low (10 to 20 ksi). It is concluded that joint designs should incorporate local reinforcement in bolted or pinned areas.

The status of the Solar Irrigation Program is summarized. The program initially consisted of a shallow well experiment that is now under construction in New Mexico. It has recently been expanded to include a deep well experiment in Arizona and a follow-on, as yet undefined, demonstration system. Most of this report is limited to technical discussions of the shallow well experiment design, and analyses are given which support the design choices selected.

A value y for a uniform variable on (0,1) is generated and a table of 96-percent points for the (0,1) normal distribution is interpolated for a value of the normal variable x(0,1) on 0.02 less than or equal to y less than or equal to 0.98. For the tails, the inverse normal is computed by a rational Chebyshev approximation in an appropriate variable. Then X = x sigma + ..mu.. gives the X(..mu..,sigma) variable.

The results of an analytical effort to determine the cost effectiveness of hybrid geothermal/fossil-fuel electrical-power generating stations. The analysis is directed at combining hydrothermal and coal energy in a Rankine steam cycle, for electrical power generation for the City of Burbank, California. This effort develops a methodology for hybrid power-plant cost analysis so that preliminary plant designs can be optimized as a function of specific site conditions and characteristics. It also defines cost-optimized site-specific plant designs for four potential sites: Roosevelt Hot Springs, Utah, Coso Thermal Area, California, East Mesa, California, and Long Valley, California. These optimized designs are compared for the costs, geothermal-resource utilization, and fossil fuel saved. The results indicate that development of geothermal resources to support a hybrid power plant are favorable for at least two of the four sites.

Research involved an investigation of specific reflective membrane composites and protective coatings which appeared capable of providing the economical, efficient, durable reflective surfaces required for use with solar concentrating systems. The main part of the work on this task was the exposure of candidate materials to an outside environment. This took place at Desert Sunshine Exposure Tests, Inc. (DSET), which is located near Phoenix, Arizona. All the materials and composites tested were selected from combinations which had previously performed satisfactorily under salt-spray and humidity/temperature cycling tests. Specular reflectance of specimens to be tested was measured using the Sheldahl specular photometer, both before and after exposure at DSET. A description of these tests and a discussion of the results are presented.

The ARHCO chemical data which includes trace elements, can be used to distinguish, with a high degree of confidence, between flows in the upper (and part of the middle) Yakima basalts. They also can be used to distinguish between groupings of flows in the middle Yakima basalts, and between the lower basalts and the others. The quality of the measurements, however, was not well-controlled. The atomic absorption measurements were generally useful, but contained a significant number of poor values. The quality of the neutron activation data, with the exception of the Cr values, was generally well below that which can presently be done. Almost all data was either poorly calibrated (Sc, Co, Eu,Ba), had variations in calibration over an extended group of samples (La, Sm, Th, Ta), or had poor precision (Tb). The poorly (but consistently) calibrated data were useful for the basalt characterization and in particular the Cr measurements were very useful. The gamma ray spectroscopy measurements, which determined K, U and Th abundances, were generally of poor precision and not very useful for characterization of the basalts. They were helpful, however, in evaluating K and Th data taken by other methods. The emission spectroscopy measurements, with few exceptions, …

Strain localization in ductile crystals deforming by single slip was analyzed. The plastic flow is modeled as rate-in-sensitive; and localization, viewed as a bifurcation from a homogeneous deformation mode to one which is concentrated in a narrow ''shear band'', is found to be possible only when the plastic hardening modulus for the slip system has fallen to a certain critical value, h/sub cr/, where h/sub cr/ is sensitive to the precise form of the constitutive law governing incremental shear. The general form of this constitutive law is developed. Incorporated within it is the possibility of deviations from the Schmid rule of a critical resolved shear stress. It is shown that h/sub cr/ may in fact be positive when there are deviations from the Schmid rule. It is suggested that micromechanical processes such as ''cross-slip'' in crystals provide specific cases for which stresses other than the Schmid stress may influence plastic response and, further, there is an experimental association of localization with the onset of large amounts of cross-slip. The specific form of h/sub cr/ is given for a constitutive model that corresponds to the non-Schmid effects in cross-slip, and a dislocation model of the process is developed from which an …

Linear Langmuir wave damping by collisions is studied in the limit of collision frequency ..nu.. approaching zero. In this limit, collisions are negligible, except in a region in velocity space, the boundary layer, centered about the phase velocity. If the ratio kappa = (collisional equilibration time in the boundary layer) : (Landau damping time) is small, the boundary layer width scales as ..nu../sup /sup 1///sub 3//, and the perturbed distribution function scales as ..nu../sup -/sup 1///sub 3//. The damping rate is thus independent of ..nu.., although essentially all the damping occurs in the collision-dominated boundary layer. Solution of the Fokker-Planck equation shows that the damping rate is precisely the Landau (collisionless) rate. The damping rate is independent of kappa, although the boundary layer thickness is not.

Information is presented concerning experimental verification of steady-state fuel behavior codes program, fuel subassembly procurement and irradiation test program, and pressure transducer development program.

This report outlines the United States position in foreign relations as it pertains to food exports.

The study presents a general first-order cost feasibility analysis of the artificial island concept and its usefulness for the offshore siting of multiple energy facilities. The results of the study include a recommended method of cost-feasibility assessment; the collection and organization of the most useful information presently available; and a series of conclusions on feasibility for generic comparison purposes. These conclusions can be summarized as follows: (1) artificial islands to the outer bound of the continental shelf are technologically feasible; (2) offshore nuclear power plants appear to be competitive with onshore plants from a cost standpoint; (3) offshore deepwater ports appear to be more economical than proposed onshore deepwater ports, existing facilities or facilities presently under construction; (4) offshore oil refineries, except under special circumstantces, will probably be more costly than onshore counterparts; (5) the cluster-siting of facilities on an artificial island has definite cost-effectiveness potential; (6) a joint public-private financial venture with a strong federal agency lead role appears essential for the multi-facility island concept to be realized; and (7) artificial island siting of energy complexes appears to be a concept worth pursuing in terms of further site and facility-specific research, and possibly in terms of a demonstration project.

A method is described how a quantitative measure for the robustness of a given neutron transport theory code for coarse network calculations can be obtained. A code that performs this task automatically and at only nominal cost is described. This code also generates user-oriented benchmark problems which exhibit the analytic behavior at interfaces. 5 figures, 1 table.

Alpha radiolysis of solutions of tributyl phosphate (TBP) in several different types of diluents was studied. Yields of dibutyl phosphoric acid (as measured by plutonium-IV retention) and chloride were measured up to a dose of approximately 10 watt-hours per liter. Plutonium dissolved in the organic phase was the radiation source. The yields of dibutyl phosphoric acid (HDBP) and the Cl/sup -/ were the highest for carbon tetrachloride. The aromatic diluents give the best protection for TBP against radiolysis and also yield less Cl/sup -/. The low yield of HDBP in aromatic diluents can be explained by assuming HDBP formation by dissociation of the parent ion (TBP/sup +/). Several radiation-resistant diluents are suggested as alternatives to CCL/sub 4/ and their Pu(IV) extraction properties are presented.

This report is a companion one to Endangered Plant Species of the Nevada Test Site, Ash Meadows, and Central-Southern Nevada (COO-2307-11) and deals with the threatened plant species of the same area. The species are those cited in the Federal Register, July 1, 1975, and include certain ones listed as occurring only in California or Arizona, but which occur also in central-southern Nevada. As with the earlier report, the purpose of this one is to record in detail the location of the past plant collections which constitute the sole or principal basis for defining the species' distributions and frequency of occurrence in southern Nye County, Nevada, and to recommend the area of the critical habitat where this is appropriate. Many of the species occur also in southern California, and for these the central-southern Nevada records are presented for consideration of the overall status of the species throughout its range.

Experimental measurements show that coherent, azimuthal density fluctuations (1) focus lower hybrid resonance cones azimuthally, and (2) modulate the radial location of the resonance cones. A simple theory based on wave refraction is presented; this theory is in good agreement with the experimental observations. The theory is extended to give a physical description of wave propagation through turbulent, isotropic (perpendicular to B) noise such as has been observed in tokamaks; it is found that the turbulence causes the lower hybrid wave-vectors to have an angular spread in the plane perpendicular to B.

This report documents the stator loss of coolant test conducted at HEDL on the lead unit Control Rod Drive Mechanism (CRDM) in February, 1977. The purpose of the test was to demonstrate scram capability of the CRDM with an uncooled stator and to obtain a time versus temperature curve of an uncooled stator under power. Brief descriptions of the test, hardware used, and results obtained are presented in the report. The test demonstrated that the CRDM could be successfully scrammed with no anomalies in both the two-phase and three-phase stator winding hold conditions after the respective equilibrium stator temperatures had been obtained with no stator coolant.

The use of the computer program SOLGASMIX-PV for calculating equilibrium compositions is described. The program can calculate equilibria in systems containing a gaseous phase, condensed phase solutions, and condensed phases of invariant or variable stoichiometry. Either a constant total gas volume or a constant total pressure can be assumed. Unit activities for condensed phases and ideality for solutions are assumed, although nonideal systems can be handled provided activity coefficient relationships are available.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the open literature data to estimate: the rate of gaseous impurity release from oxide fuel, the amount and composition of the gaseous impurities, and their subsequent rate of reaction with the fuel or Zircaloy.

A concept for determination of parts volume, particularly high explosives, was investigated. The system involved placement of an item of known volume within an enclosed vessel. A piston arrangement connected to the vessel was withdrawn to create a negative pressure. The position of the piston is noted and the procedure repeated with the chamber empty and the piston location is noted with the same inside pressure. The difference in piston location is then related to part volume.

This report describes FRACAS (Fuel Rod and Cladding Analysis Subcode), a computer code which performs the mechanical analysis in the FRAP fuel rod codes. At each loadstep, FRACAS obtains a complete elastic-plastic-creep solution for the stresses, strains, and displacements in the fuel rod cladding. The cladding is modeled as a thin cylindrical shell with prescribed temperature, pressures, and radial displacement of the inside surface. The displacement of the fuel pellets is assumed to be due to thermal gradients only. Three different regimes of pellet-cladding mechanical interaction are considered: (a) open gap, (b) closed gap, and (c) trapped stack. Both transient and steady state creep calculations are performed. The capabilities of the code are illustrated by an example problem, and comparisons are made with data obtained from two experimental fuel rods.

A recent proposal for reducing the end loss of a linear theta pinch is to produce moving magnetic mirrors at the coil ends. The concept entails the sequential pulsing of an axially arranged series of two-turn coaxial coils. The electrical design of such a system presents some unique problems. Ideally, the individual pulse circuits should be completely independent. This would facilitate the design by eliminating interactive effects. In practice, the circuits must be interconnected through isolating inductors to enable the production of a uniform biasing magnetic field. Moreover, the coils must be located physically close together. This produces strong magnetic coupling between the pulse circuits, which can seriously affect the shape and speed of the inward-moving magnetic-mirror field. Possible systems were modeled for the NET-2 circuit analysis code. The models took account of the inductive coupling between the individual circuits in the model. The results show that an increasing magnetic mirror can be produced provided the radius of the theta pinch is not too great compared to the intercoil spacing. The peristaltic field can be maintained for several cycles in the inner coils. The voltage hold-off requirements on the pulse circuit switches are found to be severe, but not impossible …

A general method is developed for calculating the width, due to magnetic perturbations, of the scrape-off layer of a tokamak with a divertor. The general method is applied to a simple analytic model of a divertor to indicate the magnitude of the effects that would be expected.

Nuclear safeguards systems are being designed to prevent theft or sabotage of radioactive material by persons employed in nuclear facilities. As incidents of terrorism have increased, the need for more advanced safeguards systems has been recognized. Dynamic simulation models have been found useful in determining relative safeguards system effectiveness. A simulation model which treats certain aspects of the insider problem is the Insider Safeguards Effectiveness Model (ISEM). This report describes the model, discusses its role in analysis and design of safeguards systems, and explains the use of the model in conjunction with other models used for safeguards system design. Effectiveness results and sensitivities to safeguard system parameter variations are reported, and a comprehensive example of ISEM use for a hypothetical facility is given.

The results of an interlaboratory correlation experiment involving eight laboratory sites studying the ion irradiation of molybdenum are presented. The program was comprised of three parts. The first part compared the radiation damage produced in a reference specimen of molybdenum by ions of different masses and different energies. The second part of the program compared measurements on a common micrograph supplied to all participants in the program. The results from all the sites agreed very well. The value of standard deviation in the measurement of void volume fraction corresponded to 10 percent of the average measured value and the spread between highest and lowest reported value was 35 percent. The third part of the program compared the microstructural characteristics of a transmission electron microscope (TEM) specimen that was passed from site to site (''round robin''). The results of this part of the experiment showed greater variations from the different participants than the results from the common micrograph. One of the principal sources of discrepancy was the measurement of the foil thickness which was necessary for computation of void number density. The standard deviation in the measurements of void volume fraction (swelling) corresponded to 20 percent of the measured average value. …