Three processes for the production of low-loss superconducting tapes of Nb/sub 3/Sn were investigated. They are the rolled-bronze process, the electron beam (EB) bronze deposition process, and the high-rate sputtering process. Shortly after the start of the investigation, effort on the last two processes was suspended because the process-development time that would be needed to arrive at a suitable transmission-line tape appeared most likely to be the shortest with the rolled-bronze process. Long lengths of Nb/sub 3/Sn tapes were prepared by the rolled-bronze process from extruded and rolled bronze-clad niobium billets. Tapes were stabilized by removing the bronze layer after reaction and then coating the exposed Nb/sub 3/Sn with high-purity copper by EB evaporation. Several meters of high quality Nb/sub 3/Sn tapes were produced by the rolled-bronze process. Even when the tapes were stabilized with copper, the losses were as low as 1.8 ..mu..W/cm/sup 2/ at 4.2 K and a surface current density of 500 rms A/cm. Despite early curtailment of the effort on the EB bronze-deposition process, short samples of Nb/sub 3/Sn tapes were produced.

When formulating a mathematical model for simulating transport processes in the environment, the system of interest can be viewed as a continuum of matter and energy or as a large set of small discrete parcels of mass and energy. The latter approach is used in the formulation of the Discrete-Parcel-Random-Walk (DPRW) Transport Model. Each parcel has associated with it a set of spatial coordinates as well as a set of discrete quantities of mass and energy. A parcel's movement is assumed to be independent of any other parcel in the system. A Lagrangian scheme is used for computing the parcel advection and a Markov random walk concept is used for simulating the parcel diffusion and dispersion. The DPRW technique is not subject to numerical dispersion and it can be applied to three-dimensional cases with only a linear increase in computation time. A wide variety of complex source/sink terms can be included in the model with relative ease. Examples of the model's application in the areas of oil spill drift forecasting, coastal power plant effluent analysis, and solute transport in groundwater systems are presented.

In this report, the thermal transient response of the CRBR to a severe primary coolant flow perturbation, initiated by a rupture of the primary heat transport system piping, is analyzed. This hypothetical accident is studied under the further assumption that the plant protection system does function according to current design descriptions for the CRBR. Although a brief discussion of an unprotected (no scram) pipe rupture accident is presented, the major emphasis of the present report is on the protected accident.

This report documents the CY 1975 environmental monitoring program of the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory (LASL). Data are presented for concentrations of radioactivity measured in air, ground and surface waters, sediments, soils, and foodstuffs, and are compared with relevant U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration guides and/or data from other reporting periods. Levels of external penetrating radiation measured in the LASL environs are given. The average whole-body radiation dose to residents of Los Alamos County resulting from LASL operations is calculated. Chemical qualities of surface and ground waters in the LASL environs have been determined and compared to applicable standards. Results of related environmental studies are summarized.

The confidence limits for the frequency in a Poisson process and for the proportion of successes in a binomial process were calculated and tabulated for the situations in which the observed values of the frequency or proportion and an a priori distribution of these parameters are available. Methods are used that produce limits with exactly the stated confidence levels. The confidence interval (a,b) is calculated so that Pr (a less than or equal to lambda less than or equal to b c,..mu..), where c is the observed value of the parameter, and ..mu.. is the a priori hypothesis of the distribution of this parameter. A Bayesian type analysis is used. The intervals calculated are narrower and appreciably different from results, known to be conservative, that are often used in problems of this type. Pearson and Hartley recognized the characteristics of their methods and contemplated that exact methods could someday be used. The calculation of the exact intervals requires involved numerical analyses readily implemented only on digital computers not available to Pearson and Hartley. A Monte Carlo experiment was conducted to verify a selected interval from those calculated. This numerical experiment confirmed the results of the analytical methods and the prediction …

X-ray fluorescence (XRE) and neutron activation analysis (NAA) are compared; a periodic table of the elements showing their sensitivity to each method is included. It is proposed to use both methods to make chemical abundances measurements on archaeological samples, including Bichrome Ware and Palestinian samples. The intent is to see if NAA can be replaced by XRF. (DLC)

The discussion of the systematics of quasi-elastic processes induced by heavy ions includes transfer angular distribution data and theory, some successes and failures of the DWBA and coupled channels theories in describing heavy ion reaction data, and a quasi-elastic process induced by a heavier projectile, /sup 232/Th(/sup 40/Ar,K), and implications for deep inelastic reactions with even heavier projectiles such as Kr and Xe. An attempt is made to delineate areas that are well described theoretically from the specific features that seem not to be understood. (JFP)

Information is presented concerning: review of the status of general design efforts in the areas of aerodynamics, structures, systems analysis, and testing; summary of preliminary design details of the proposed 17-m turbine/60-kW generator system for power grid application; and structural analysis and operational test results for the existing 5-m turbine.

A guide for the use of the CDC-6400 Computer Program TWO-STEP for the exact solution of linear matrix equations over the integral domain is given. The rational result is converted into decimal form to 12 decimal places.

A critique is presented of the strength-stress overlap method for the reliability of the CRBR primary heat transport system piping. The report addresses, in particular, the reliability assessment of WARD-D-0127 (Piping Integrity Status Report), which is part of the CRBR PSAR docket. It was found that the reliability assessment is extremely sensitive to the assumed shape for the probability density function for the strength (regarded as a random variable) of the cold-leg inlet downcomer section of the primary piping. Based on the rigorous Chebyschev inequality, it is shown that the piping failure probability is less than 10/sup -2/. On the other hand, it is shown that the failure probability can be much larger than approximately 10/sup -13/, the typical value put forth in WARD-D-0127.

This report describes the shorted location indicator by frequency of electrical resonance (SLIFER) system used at Sandia Laboratories for determination of explosive yield of under ground nuclear tests.

High-level waste stored as salt cake is principally NaNO/sub 3/. Some organic material is known to have been added to the waste tanks. It has been suggested that some of this organic material may have become nitrated and transformed to a detonable state. Arguments are presented to discount the presence of nitrated organics in the waste tanks. Nitrated organics generated accidentally usually explode at the time of formation. Detonation tests show that salt cake and ''worst-case'' organic mixtures are not detonable. Organic mixtures with salt cake are compared with black powder, a related exothermic reactant. Black-powder mixtures of widely varying composition can and do burn explosively; ignition temperatures are 300-450/sup 0/C. However, black-powder-type mixes cannot be ignited by radiation and are shock-insensitive. Temperatures generated by radionuclide decay in the salt are below 175/sup 0/C and would be incapable of igniting any of these mixtures. The expected effect of radiation on organics in the waste tanks is a slow dehydrogenation and depolymerization along with a slight increase in sensitivity to oxidation. The greatest explosion hazard, if any exists, is a hydrogen--oxygen explosion from water radiolysis, but the hydrogen must first be generated and then trapped so that the concentration of hydrogen …

On the basis of this work the following conclusions, which all contribute to confidence that salt cake is stable against exothermic reactions, were reached. Organics added to the waste tanks were not nitrated at the time of addition and cannot have been subsequently transformed to detonatable nitrated organics. Whatever organic has found its way into the tanks has been and will be essentially unaffected by radiation. Mixtures of the types of organics which could have been added to the waste tanks with either simulated salt cake or pure sodium nitrate are not detonatable. The maximum amount of organic which could have been added to the waste tanks is less than 0.9 weight percent of the salt cake, a concentration far below the concentration required to support combustion. The many years during which the liquid high-level waste was boiling, and the subsequent evaporation-crystallization processing, have allowed many of the more volatile organics to be distilled off, further reducing the maximum expected concentration of organics. The occurrence of an explosive exothermic reaction of an organic in the waste tanks would require concentration and mixing by an unknown and uncontrolled means. The mixture would then have to remain in its concentrated state long …

Sodium nitrate is a powerful solid oxidant. Energetically, it is capable of exothermically oxidizing almost any organic material. Rate-controlling variables such as temperature, concentration of oxidant, concentration of fuel, thermal conductivity, moisture content, size, and pressure severely limit the possibility of a self-supported exothermic reaction (combustion). The tests reported in this document were conducted on one-gram samples at atmospheric pressure. Below 380/sup 0/C, NaNO/sub 3/ was stable and did not support combustion. At moisture concentrations above 22 wt percent, exothermic reactions did not propagate in even the most energetic and reactive compositions. Fresh resin and paraffin were too volatile to enable a NaNO/sub 2/-supported combustion process to propagate. Concentrations of NaNO/sub 3/ above 95 wt percent or below 35 wt percent did not react with enough energy release to support combustion. The influence of sample size and confining pressure, both important factors, was not investigated in this study. (auth)

The Reference Energy System (RES) is a network representation of all of the technical activities required to supply various forms of energy to end-use activities. Analytical techniques are described to examine all operations involving specific fuels including their extraction, refinement, conversion, transport, distribution, and utilization. Each of these activities is represented by a link in the network for which efficiency, environmental impact, and cost coefficients may be specified. The network is quantified for a given year with the level of energy demands and the energy flows through the supply activities that are required to serve those demands. RESs were developed for the years 1980, 1985, 1990, 2000, and 2020. The RESs are used in an assessment to evaluate new technologies by the techniques of perturbation analysis. Inserting data on new technologies into an RES produces a Perturbed Energy System (PES). The Brookhaven Energy System Optimization Model (BESOM) includes the same input parameters and can be used for more extensive analyses where optimization is desired. (MCW)

A theoretical study of two of the low-lying NH/sub 2//sup +/ potential energy surfaces was performed. The intersection and avoided intersection (for C/sub s/ geometries) of the lowest /sup 3/A/sub 2/ and /sup 3/B/sub 1/ surfaces allows a pathway by which the ground state of HH/sub 2//sup +/ may be accessed without a potential barrier. The electronic structure calculations employed a double zeta plus polarization basis set, and correlation effects were taken into account using the newly developed Vector Method (VM). To test the validity of this basis, additional self-consistent-field studies were performed using a very large contracted gaussian basis N(13s 8p 3d/9s 6p 3d), H(6s 2p/4s 2p). The /sup 3/A/sub 2/ surface, on which N/sup +/ and H/sub 2/ may approach, has a surprising deep potential minimum, approximately 60 kcal/mole, occurring at r/sub e/(NH) approximately 1.26 A and theta/sub e/(HNH) approximately 43/sup 0/. Electron correlation is responsible for about 15 kcal of this well depth, which appears fairly insensitive to extension of the basis set beyond the double zeta plus polarization level. The line of intersection (or seam) of the /sup 3/A/sub 2/ and /sup 3/B/sub 1/ surfaces is presented both numerically and pictorially. The minimum energy along this …

We have maintained and studied seven dominant T-like mutations, eleven recessive lethal t-alleles in six different complementation groups, two semilethal t-mutations, and fifteen viable t-variants in the house mouse. Seven of the latter are newly arisen and have been characterized during this year. Six other, non T/t locus, markers are also maintained. Interest has centered on the following three points: further analysis of the four different types of dominant T-mutations that we have available shows that two of these, and possibly a third, seem to have chromosome abnormalities associated with them; the etiology of the maternal effect seen in T/sup Hp/ has also been studied, and no mechanism has yet been found, although trisomy 17 has been excluded; eleven new alleles derived by recombination in lethal t-mutations have been fully or substantially analyzed; and attempts at fine structure mapping of the T-tf region in the presence of two other mutations (t/sup 38/ and Low) have produced anomalous results that suggest that the presence of t/sup 38/ and Low in the trans position may interfere with crossing over in the t/sup 38/-Low interval.

General mechanisms of radiation damage to biomolecules was studied by using substituted pyrimidines, particularly barbituric acid derivatives. (LK)

The primary objective of this project is to develop general mechanisms for radiation damage to biomolecules using substituted pyrimidines as a model system. Results this year include a single crystal ESR study of 5-ethyl-5-isopropylbarbituric acid, development of the k-band microwave bridge, dose response measurements on methylated barbituric acid derivatives, and synthesis of several specifically deuterated uracil derivatives.

The authors have examined 1200 interactions with visible energies greater than 7.5 GeV produced by an anti-neutrino beam in the Fermilab 15-foot bubble chamber filled with a light neon hydrogen mixture. They have found one event with a {mu}{sup +}e{sup -} and hadrons in the final state, but with no evidence of strange particle production. This event may be an example of dilepton production by an anti-neutrino interaction, but other interpretations are possible. With 90% confidence, they conclude that the rate for the process {bar {nu}} + N {yields} e{sup -} + {mu}{sup +} + hadrons is {le} .8% of charged current anti-neutrino interactions with visible energy > 7.5 GeV.

The report is to the Energy Research and Development Administration on accomplishments of the Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory geochemistry and physical oceanography groups during the 1975-1976 funding period on grant E(11-1)2185. Goals are to obtain detailed, quantitative knowledge of the rates of mixing within coastal waters of the New York Bight and across the continental slope and the exchange of water masses and species transported within them between shelf and Atlantic Ocean waters. The research is aimed at understanding the chemical, physical, and biological processes which control the origin, dispersal, and fate of particulate matter and trace metals, and to ultimately model the impact of energy related pollutants on the continental shelf.

This document contains detailed data collected by the Hanford Environmental Surveillance program during 1975. Environmental Surveillance responsibilities at Hanford are divided between Hanford Environmental Health Foundation (HEHF) and Battelle-Northwest (BNW). HEHF is responsible for measuring all nonradiological air quality and sanitary water parameters of interest. BNW is responsible for measuring radiological parameters in all environmental media of significance and for measuring both radiological and nonradiological parameters of Columbia River water and ground water. A brief description of the method and location of sample collection during 1975 is included. Data are tabulated on the content of specific radionuclides in surface air. Columbia River water, drinking water, ground water, foods, fish, and wild animals. Data are also included on content of NO/sub 2/ and SO/sub 2/ in air, nitrates in Columbia River water, ground water, and drinking water, and water quality of samples of Columbia River water collected at various sampling locations. (CH)

The following aspects of the supply of liquefied natural gas to the northeastern part of the U.S. are discussed: major facilities and equipment; institutional considerations and environmental impacts; site selection criteria; time required to implement an LNG project; projected availability and reliability of supply; projection of future imports to the northeast region; cost projections; and secondary benefits. (LK)

The purpose of this program is to develop an ambient-temperature Li/S secondary battery. The proposed configuration is Li/organic electrolyte, dissolved S/catalytic electrode or current collector. This battery will have an energy density of 100 Wh/lb, including the weight of cell hardware. Investigations of S solubility and electrochemistry have been undertaken in polar, aprotic nonaqueous solvents, chosen for their stability toward Li. Highest S solubility was achieved if S was dissolved in the form of Li polysulfides, Li/sub 2/S/sub n/. Highest S solubilities were achieved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and tetrahydrofuran (THF), where 9--10M S solutions were obtained as Li/sub 2/S/sub 9/-/sub 10/. The solutions of highest S concentrations were most readily prepared through the direct reaction of S/sub 8/ with Li/sub 2/S in the presence of the solvent. The discharge and charge capacities of such solutions, 1--2M in S, were measured galvanostatically between preset limits of 1 and 3.7V (vs. Li). Two plateaus were observed in DMSO, at 2.7V and at 2.2V. Discharge capacities of approximately 0.25 e/sup -//S were observed in THF and in methyl acetate. Recharge generally occurred between 2.5 and 3.0V. In DMSO, experiments showed that S/sub 8/ or S/sub 8//sup -2/ could not be reduced on …