The fluxes of protons emitted during solar flares since 1956 were evaluated. The depth-versus-activity profiles of /sup 56/Co in several lunar rocks are consistent with the solar-proton fluxes detected by experiments on several satellites. Only about 20% of the solar-proton-induced activities of /sup 22/Na and /sup 55/Fe in lunar rocks from early Apollo missions were produced by protons emitted from the sun during solar cycle 20 (1965--1975). The depth-versus-activity data for these radionuclides in several lunar rocks were used to determine the fluxes of protons during solar cycle 19 (1954--1964). The average proton fluxes for cycle 19 are about five times those for both the last million years and for cycle 20. These solar-proton flux variations correlate with changes in sunspot activity.

A simple method for estimating the solubility of TATB in various solvents is presented. We consider it unlikely that a solvent will be found in which TATB is more soluble than 0.1 percent (w/v). Exceptions are the so-called superacids in which the solubility of TATB exceeds 20 percent (w/v).

A very simple method is proposed wherein recoil proton scintillation data are reduced using the derivative unfolding technique. The approximations described require minimal calculation or storage and may be readily implemented on a mini computer. A digital filter is incorporated which yields a smoothed approximation to the slope of the pulse-height distribution, with error estimates. In order to accurately represent the scintillator light output without introducing discontinuities in the unfolded spectrum, the light output data are fitted using B-splines whose first and second derivatives are continuous.

The absolute sensitivity for several different types of radiation detectors has been measured using x-rays in the energy range of 280 eV to 100 keV. The photons in this energy range are produced using three separate x-ray-generating facilities. The detectors include a silicon semiconductor, two photoelectric diode detectors employing aluminum and gold photocathodes, and three detectors incorporating plastic scintillators and photodiodes. The plastic scintillators were MEL-150C, Pilot B, and NE102.

By exposing samples to various irradiance levels from a calibrated thermal radiation source, the ignition responses of blackened alpha-cellulose and cotton cloth with and without fire-retardant additives were compared. Samples treated with retardant compounds which showed the most promise were then isothermally pyrolyzed in air for comparisons between the pyrolysis rates. Alpha-cellulose samples containing a mixture of boric acid, borax, and ammonium di-hydrogen phosphate could not be ignited by irradiances up to 4.0 cal cm/sup -2/ s-1 (16.7 W/cm/sup 2/). At higher irradiances the specimens ignited, but flaming lasted only until the flammable gases were depleted. Cotton cloth containing a polymeric retardant with the designation THPC + MM was found to be ignition-resistant to all irradiances below 7.0 cal cm/sup -2/ s/sup -1/ (29.3 W/cm/sup 2/). Comparison of the pyrolysis rates of the retardant-treated alpha-cellulose and the retardant-treated cotton showed that the retardant mechanism is qualitatively the same. Similar ignition-response measurements were also made with specimens exposed to ionizing radiation. It was observed that gamma radiation results in ignition retardance of cellulose, while irradiation by neutrons does not.

Understanding the short term elastic properties, (i.e. the instantaneous modulus) of Kapton is essential in determining the loss of prestress during storage and operation of SSC dipole magnets. The magnet prestress contributes directly to the coil response to the Lorentz forces during ramping. The instantaneous modulus is important in extrapolating short term stress relaxation data to longer times. Most theoretical fits assume a time independent component and a time dependent component. The former may be represented by the Kapton modulus near zero K where all relaxation processes have been frozen'' out. Modulus measurements at 77K and 4.2K may point to a correct value for the near zero K modulus. Three companion papers presented at this conference will be: Stress Relaxation in SSC 50 mm Dipole Coils'' Temperature Dependence of the Viscoelastic Properties of SSC Coil Insulation (Kapton)'' Theoretical Methods for Creep and Stress Relaxation Studies of SSC Coil.''

The LLL developed electronic pressure meter (EPMT) is a portable static-pressure calibration instrument for use with the LLL telemetry transducer system at the Nevada Test Site (NTS). It is significantly more accurate and rugged than the bourdon-tube pressure gauge it replaces, and can be incorporated into a field-use, semi-automatic, pressure calibration system. The process by which a transducer is selected for EPMT use from the inventory of field-service-certified transducers and subjected to an extensive preconditioning and calibration procedure is described. By combining this unusual calibration procedure with a unique, statistically based data-reduction routine, the total uncertainty of the measuring process at each calibration point can be determined with high accuracy.

The designs and costs of magnetic-confinement experimental devices and reactors can be affected strongly by the choice of parameters for the neutral-beam injection system. To provide the designer with information with which to estimate the physical and cost consequences of variations in energy, neutralizer thickness, ion-species mixtures, etc., we are carrying out parametric studies of the neutralization efficiency. Some of the results are reported here. The data base is too small and uncertain to permit calculations which would optimize all aspects of designs at this time.

The continuum ..gamma..-ray spectrum following neutron emission in a (HI,xn) reaction consists of a high-energy tail, the statistical cascade, and a lower-energy bump, the yrast cascade, which contains most of the intensity and consists mostly of stretched E2 transitions. Thus, a good approximation to the average angular momentum carried by the ..gamma..-rays is 2N/sub ..gamma../-bar. Under favourable conditions, effective moments of inertia can be deduced for states up to the top of the ..gamma..-ray cascade. The maximum angular momentum in the cascades is probably limited by ..cap alpha..-emission for nuclei with A < 150 and by fission for those with A > 150. 17 figures.

The following aspects of HTGR reprocessing technology are discussed: characteristics of HTGR fuels, criteria for a fuel reprocessing flowsheet; selection of a reference reprocessing flowsheet, and waste treatment. (LK)

Our goal is to calculate the probability to eject electrons from DNA by charged particles that pass near the macromolecule as they slow down in an aqueous medium that contains DNA in low concentration. This process is illustrated for a particle of charge Ze and velocity v, where impact parameters b{sub 1}, b{sub 2}, and b{sub 3} indicate the distances between the trajectory and a phosphate group, a base, and a sugar moiety, respectively. In the present state of our theoretical development, we must treat each of these components of DNA as an independent impurity site occupied by electrons in a Slater-type orbital with a characteristic orbital radius and band gap. Determination of these parameters will be discussed below; however, before we turn to that part of the discussion, it is interesting to address the question of multiple ionizations of DNA by the passage of a single charged particle.

Among various two-phase flow regimes, the inverted flow in the post-dryout region is relatively less well understood due to its special heat transfer conditions. The review of existing data indicates further research is needed in the areas of basic hydrodynamics related to liquid core disintegration mechanisms, slug and droplet formations, entrainment, and droplet size distributions. In view of this, the inverted flow is studied in detail both analytically and experimentally. Criteria for initial flow regimes in the post-dryout region are given. Preliminary models for subsequent flow regime transition criteria are derived together with correlations for a mean droplet diameter based on the adiabatic simulation data.

The effectiveness of soluble nuclear poisons used for control of criticality in processing reactor fuels was investigated. Results of survey calculations for Gd and B and mixtures of these elements indicate that the soluble poison mixtures are more efficient in increasing critical volume than one element alone. It is noted that each system in which soluble poisons are used must be evaluated separately based on poison costs, separation costs, and factors involving criticality. (JRD)

Three magnetic confinement concepts, based on the mirror principle, are described. These mirror concepts are summarized as follows: (1) fusion-fission hybrid reactor, (2) tandem mirror reactor, and (3) reversed field mirror reactor. (MOW)

X-ray fluorescence (XRE) and neutron activation analysis (NAA) are compared; a periodic table of the elements showing their sensitivity to each method is included. It is proposed to use both methods to make chemical abundances measurements on archaeological samples, including Bichrome Ware and Palestinian samples. The intent is to see if NAA can be replaced by XRF. (DLC)

A status report on SLC commissioning is given, with special emphasis on recent progress in the Arcs and Final Focus. 50 refs.

Two ''plugs'' of dense plasma at either end of a central solenoid cell form the basis of a new mirror fusion power plant concept. A central cell blanket design is presented. Modules on crawler tracks serviced by remote welding and handling machines of very simple design are important features resulting from linear axisymmetric geometry. Three blanket designs are considered and the best one presented in some detail. It has lithium as the breeder material, helium cooled. ''Plug'' magnet field strengths must be high. A novel magnet is presented to satisfy the physics of the end plugs. Beam sources at 1,200 KV present special problems. Methods of voltage standoff, arc damage control, and neutralization are discussed. New secondary containment ideas are presented to allow removable roof sections of balanced design.

The design of business data processing applications utilizing minicomputers requires special considerations throughout the development of the systems project. Minicomputer features, capabilities, and limitations must be closely examined prior to the implementation of the design phase. The design requirements of an inventory control minicomputer system currently being installed by the Data Processing Services Department of Lawrence Livermore Laboratory are presented.

The Reference Energy System (RES) is a network representation of all of the technical activities required to supply various forms of energy to end-use activities. Analytical techniques are described to examine all operations involving specific fuels including their extraction, refinement, conversion, transport, distribution, and utilization. Each of these activities is represented by a link in the network for which efficiency, environmental impact, and cost coefficients may be specified. The network is quantified for a given year with the level of energy demands and the energy flows through the supply activities that are required to serve those demands. RESs were developed for the years 1980, 1985, 1990, 2000, and 2020. The RESs are used in an assessment to evaluate new technologies by the techniques of perturbation analysis. Inserting data on new technologies into an RES produces a Perturbed Energy System (PES). The Brookhaven Energy System Optimization Model (BESOM) includes the same input parameters and can be used for more extensive analyses where optimization is desired. (MCW)

Because of the increase in cost of foreign oil, ethylene costs have increased markedly within the last several years. There is a sizable incentive to reduce raw material cost for basic polymer manufacture. Polyketones, synthesized from ethylene and CO, and polysulfones, synthesized from ethylene and SO/sub 2/, utilizing high energy radiation, offers one such possibility. CO and SO/sub 2/, usually considered as wastes and pollutants from fossil fuel burning power plants, are converted to useful materials. The polyketones and polysulfones formed from the gas phase below 100/sup 0/C have found to be high molecular weight polymers which, depending on composition, either melt with difficulty, or decompose at temperatures of 250/sup 0/C or higher. The higher temperature (greater than 100/sup 0/C) catalyzed reaction produces low molecular weight waxes. Design calculations indicate that for a G value of 10,000 and 50 percent energy deposition efficiency, it would take 331 MCi of /sup 60/Co to conserve 2 billion pounds of ethylene or 25 percent of the overall U. S. consumption in the PE market by substituting CO and SO/sub 2/. This savings amounts to as much as $280 million at today's market price. Electron machine radiation with a 25 percent energy deposition efficiency …

It is shown that even normally incident laser light will be resonantly absorbed near the critical density surface when there are self-generated DC magnetic fields. Theoretical estimates for the coupling mechanism, saturation amplitudes, and absorption are given and tested in computer simulations for parameters characteristic of some recent laser-plasma experiments.

Scientists are in general agreement about the effects of prenatal irradiation, including those affecting the central nervous system (CNS). Differing concepts and research approaches have resulted in some uncertainties about some quantitative relationships, underlying interpretations, and conclusions. Examples of uncertainties include the existence of a threshold, the quantitative relationships between prenatal radiation doses and resulting physical and functional lesions, and processes by which lesions originate and develop. A workshop was convened in which scientists with varying backgrounds and viewpoints discussed these relationships and explored ways in which various disciplines could coordinate concepts and methodologies to suggest research directions for resolving uncertainties. This Workshop Report summarizes, in an extended fashion, salient features of the presentations on the current status of our knowledge about the radiobiology and neuroscience of prenatal irradiation and the relationships between them.

A brief historical survey of the discovery of the muon, interest in neutrinoless processes, and lepton-number conservation laws is given. The present view of lepton-number conservation laws and the search for ..mu.. ..-->.. e..gamma.. are described. Other experiments are discussed including ..mu../sup +/ ..-->.. e/sup +/e/sup +/e/sup -/ decay, ..mu../sup -/Z ..-->.. e/sup -/Z reactions, ..mu.. ..-->.. e ..gamma gamma.. decay, other rare muon processes, strangeness-changing muon-number-nonconserving decays, and tau decays. 52 references. (WHK)

Thermophysical data are presented for liquid niobium up to approximately 6000/sup 0/K and for liquid lead up to approximately 5000/sup 0/K. These new results are summarized along with previously obtained high temperature data for liquid molybdenum, tantalum, tungsten, and uranium.