Three and four center unimolecular elimination reactions of HCl have been investigated for CHF{sub 2}Cl, CHFCL{sub 2}, CH{sub 3}CCl{sub 3}, CH{sub 3}CF{sub 2}Cl and in a molecular beam experiment using infrared multiphoton absorption to energize the molecule. The translational energy distributions obtained in this work show that the average translational energy released to the fragments is around 8-12 kcal/mole, except for the three center elimination reaction from CHClCF{sub 2}, which gives a value of 1 kcal/mole. In four center eliminations, the translational energy released is less than 20% of the potential energy barrier of the back reaction. This is somewhat less than previous indications that approximately 30% of the potential energy barrier of the exit channel in four center reactions should be released into translation.

This final discussion summarizes the investigation performed throughout the project on geothermal applications to agricultural operations, and the study work done on the suggested follow-on project. The purpose of the studies was to determine whether an economically feasible project could be developed utilizing the geothermal aquifer for heating and cooling of a greenhouse complex, or the heating of a number of municipal buildings.

In response to the increasing severity of target surface finish requirements for laser fusion experiments, it has become necessary to examine spherical targets in the Scanning Electron Microscope, prior to laser irradiation, on an orderly nondestructive basis. We have developed a new sample manipulation technique which rolls a thin wall sphere through 4..pi.. steradians, minimizes damage and allows easy recovery. The sphere is placed between two parallel plane surfaces formed in conductively coated silicone rubber on the ends of capillaries. Mechanical slides cause the capillaries to translate laterally and roll the ball bringing the entire surface of the sphere into a position for examination. Resolutions comparable with traditional mounting techniques are attained. A side looking, Si(Li) detector increases the utility of the system by allowing simultaneous energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis. The entire detector assembly slips between the secondary electron detector and the sphere rolling capillaries to collect x-rays from the target.

A comprehensive experimental study of drift emissions and downwind deposition from a mechanical draft cooling tower is planned for early spring 1978. The objective of the experiment is to develop a data base which can be used for validation of drift deposition models. The key aspects of the study are to measure the characteristics of the drift emitted from the tower, the ambient meteorological conditions responsible for the transport and dispersion of the drift, and the downwind deposition and near surface air concentration patterns of the drift. The source characteristics, including air temperature and velocity profiles at the tower exit, and the transport parameters are to be used as inputs to the models, while the deposition patterns are to serve as comparisons to the outputs of the models.

Separate abstracts were prepared for the five lectures presented. (JFP)

The geology of the resource is discussed including: its location, its recognition by means of geophysical surveys, and its subsurface delineation. Proposed uses of the resource are discussed including: fresh water production and power generation. (MHR)

The properties of deuterium plasmas in experimental tokamaks heated and fueled by intense neutral-beam injection are evaluated with a Fokker-Planck/radial transport code coupled with a Monte Carlo neutrals treatment. Illustrative results are presented for the Poloidal Divertor Experiment at PPPL as a function of beam power and plasma recycling coefficient, R/sub c/. When P/sub beam/ = 8 MW at E/sub b/ = 60 keV, and R/sub c/ = 0.2, then <n/sub hot//n/sub e/> approximately 0.5, (/sup 2///sub 3/ <anti E/sub ion/>) = 22 keV approximately 6<T/sub e/>, and the D-D neutron intensity is 10/sup 16/ n/sec.

Initiation and growth of a crack in the Charpy V-notch test was investigated by performing both static and impact controlled deflection tests. Test specimens were deformed to various deflections, heat-tinted to mark crack extension and broken apart at low temperature to allow extension measurements. Measurement of the crack extension provided an estimate of crack initiation as defined by different criteria. Crack initiation starts well before maximum load, and is dependent on the definition of ''initiation''. Using a definition of first micro-initiation away from the ductile blunting, computer model predictions agreed favorably with the experimental results.

Experiments on the electron-hole liquid (EHL) in inhomogeneously stressed Ge were performed in order to obtain information on the lifetime and radiative efficiency as a function of e-h pair density in the strain-confined electron-hole liquid (SCEHL). The data can only be explained if a density-independent recombination mechanism is the most important decay process. The result is shown to be consistent with other experiments indicating that such a mechanism has a negligible effect on the recombination time in unstressed Ge.

The ultrasonic imaging system described herein was developed to measure chest-wall thickness and the percentage of fat in the chest and around other body organs. The system uses pulse-echo techniques to transmit and detect sound waves reflected from the interfaces of body organs and adjacent tissue. A computer draws these interfaces on color scans, and a code is used to exponentially average data from several points on each scan to find the average thicknesses of the chest wall and fat layers. These average thicknesses are then used to adjust x-ray calibration factors for plutonium lung counters. The correction factor for three subjects measured for fat content ranging from 12.6 to 22.2% was 18 to 41%. The ultrasonic system also defines the shape and position of the kidneys and liver so we are able to more accurately place detectors on the body during in-vivo radiation measurements. We have also developed a technique for displaying the interfaces from a series of ultrasonic chest scans to produce a topographical map that enables us to better understand the shape and contour of the lung and chest-wall interface.

Gamma-ray spectrometric methods using high-resolution Ge(Li) and high purity Ge detectors have been used to quantify the concentrations and external exposure rates of radionuclides in the soil. These in situ methods have been used to study radionuclide deposition around nuclear power stations, the distribution of radionuclides at the Nevada Test Site, biogeochemical cycling of radionuclides, and the fate and impact of fallout radionuclides. Portable gamma-ray spectrometer systems used for various kinds of in situ field measurements include: large-volume coaxial Ge(Li) detectors for terrestrial gamma-ray surveys at several sites including preoperational nuclear power plants and for real-time measurements of nuclear reactor plume isotopic exposure rates; and planar, high purity Ge detectors for mapping /sup 241/Am and /sup 239/Pu soil concentrations, particularly at the Nevada Test Site. These applications are discussed along with a brief description of the methodology and techniques associated with in situ gamma-ray spectrometry.

A /sup 1///sub 5/-scale test facility of a pressure-suppression system from a Mark I boiling water reactor was instrumented with seven types of transducers to obtain high-accuracy, dynamic loading data during a hypothetical loss-of-coolant accident. A total of 27 air tests have been completed with an average of 175 transducers recorded for each test. An end-to-end calibration of the total measurement system was run to establish accuracy of the data. The instrumentation verified the analysis of the dynamic loading of the pressure-suppression system.

Stress corrosion tests were conducted on 316 VIM/VAR stainless steel as part of the Tritium Facility's Quality Assurance Program. Initial results under severe conditions indicate earlier-than-expected failure. We are expanding our tests to further examine this problem.

A variety of thermonuclear neutron sources and neutron capture targets were investigated for their potential of allowing signigicant production of heavy, perhaps superheavy, isotopes. The neutron sources considered range from inertial confinement microexplosives to (underground) macroexplosives. Optimal capture targets appear to be composites containing uranium and protactinium. 1 figure.

A computer program has been developed to simulate the sputtering process using the Monte Carlo method and the binary collision approximation. This program is a result of the generalization of the TRIM computer program such that the target atom trajectories are followed in addition to those of the incident particles. This program, which includes electronic energy loss, uses an analytic formula which is based on realistic interatomic potentials for determining particle scattering angles and the energy transfer to target atoms. A model of the sputtering process has been developed for physically defining the surface and bulk binding energies necessary for calculations. A number of sputtering yield calculations have been performed for H, D, T, and /sup 4/He ions incident on C, Ni, Mo, and Au targets for energies less than 10 keV. The validity of the Monte Carlo model is demonstrated by the good agreement between the calculated results and the most recent experiments.

We have presented and demonstrated some useful numerical procedures for performing variational adjustments to velocity fields. The element-based procedure has been shown to be useful for obtaining much-improved streamline contour plots. The derived variable, domain-based procedure, using a lumped mass formulation, appears to be a viable technique for obtaining ''mass consistent'' wind fields from sparse observations, over complex topography in both two and three dimensions.

Further progress is reported on a continuing experimental program designed to select high-performance polymeric materials for use in geothermal power plants. In field tests 12 nozzles, 27 wear plates, and 2 types of polymer lined pipe were tested. Nozzles made of Teflons TFE and PFA, Tefzel, Ryton PPS and H-Resin/carbon cloth were little changed except for some scaling. The fluorocarbons scaled least rapidly. All blade type wear plates eroded, those based on Tefzel, PPQ, and PPS the least. Fluorocarbon lined pipes were little affected by exposure. In laboratory tests samples were heated at 250 and 300/sup 0/C in brine. Several materials including fluorocarbon and unhydrolyzable aromatic or cross-linked aliphatic, thermally stable polymers survived for periods up to 1300 h. In erosion tests, coatings based on epoxy resins and a fluorocarbon were most resistant; good adhesion was required.

Interest in the combustion characteristics of coal and coal derived fuels relates primarily to their adaptation in existing and planned combustion devices and their propensity to produce increased pollutant emissions in comparison with petroleum fuels and natural gas. This work on solvent refined coal (SRC) is part of an experimental study of the mechanism of the burning of coal and coal derived fuels employing an opposed flow diffusion burner. SRC is a reconstituted tar-like material which has been solvent extracted from coal. This refined product is low in both sulfur and ash in comparison with the parent coal. Cylindrical rods were cast for burning, some containing fine imbedded thermocouples. The burning rate of the SRC was measured for a range of oxidizer (oxygen and nitrogen) blowing velocities and oxidizer oxygen mole fractions and the dependency on these parameters determined. The temperature profile in the condensed phase fuel was determined from a time to distance transformation made possible by the steady state nature of the burning. The similarity of the burning characteristics of SRC and pressed pulverized coal suggests that similar mechanisms control the burning of these two fuels in our experiments.

This paper reports a set of modelling studies that were undertaken to acquire a more detailed knowledge of combustion inhibition mechanisms. H/sub 2//O/sub 2//Ar mixtures reacting in the idealized perfectly stirred reactor were investigated. Three H/sub 2//O/sub 2/ kinetic mechanisms were considered, differing from one another by the number of HO/sub 2/ reactions included. Two physical inhibitors, Ar and N/sub 2/, and one chemical inhibitor, HBr, were investigated. Additional parameters considered were pressure, equivalence ratio, inhibitor concentration and rate coefficient variation. HBr was the most effective inhibitor and acted chemically in that it caused substantial reduction in radical concentrations in the mixtures considered. Ar and N/sub 2/ acted as physical diluents with N/sub 2/ the more effective of the two due to its larger heat capacity.

Vaporization data that could be useful in designing premixed-prevaporized fuel preparation systems for gas turbine combustors are presented. The effect of the experimental parameters on vaporization was found to be E = T/sub in/ tau/sup 0/./sup 18/(V/sub ref/ + 38) (P/sub in/ + 35)/ 203000 where E is the degree of vaporization in percent, T/sub in/ the inlet air temperature in K over the range 450 to 700 K, the residence time in ms over the range 4.3 to 23.8 ms, V/sub ref/ the reference velocity in m/s over the range 5 to 22 m/s, and P/sub in/ in the inlet pressure in MPa over the range 0.18 to 0.59MPa. Jet A and Diesel no. 2 fuels were tested for the effect of inlet air temperature and had nearly identical results.

A study was conducted to develop suitable sampling equipment and techniques for characterizing the mechanical properties of nuclear wastes; identifying effective means of measuring radiation levels, temperatures, and neutron fluxes in situ in wastes; and developing a waste core sampler. A portable, stainless steel probe was developed which is placed in the tank through a riser. This probe is built for the insertion of instrumentation that can measure the contents of the tank at any level and take temperature, radiation, and neutron activation readings with reliable accuracy. A simple and reliable instrument for the in situ extraction of waste materials ranging from liquid to concrete-like substances was also developed. This portable, stainless steel waste core sampler can remove up to one liter of radioactive waste from tanks for transportation to hot cell laboratories for analysis of hardness, chemical form, and isotopic content. A cask for transporting the waste samples from the tanks to the laboratory under radiation-protected conditions was also fabricated. This cask was designed with a ''boot'' or inner-seal liner to contain any radioactive wastes that might remain on the outside of the waste core sampling device.

The problem of the internal threat epitomized by the tactics of collusion and illicit use of access has been structured into a data processing format. The format procedures and analysis are objective; the flexibility of the method allows the security analyst to input his judgment and opinions into the code. By so doing he can interact and determine the effects of interacting with the safeguard system.

The changes in solar absorption and in local heating rates due to perturbations to O/sub 3/ and NO/sub 2/ concentrations caused by stratospheric injection of NO/sub x/ and CFM pollutants are assessed. The changes in species concentration profiles are derived from theoretical calculations using a transport-kinetics model. Because of significant changes in our understanding of stratospheric chemistry during the past year, the assessment of the effect of stratospheric perturbations on the solar radiation budget differs from previous assessments. Previously, a reduction in O/sub 3/ due to an NO/sub x/ injection caused a net decrease in the gaseous solar absorption;now the same perturbation leads to a net increase. The implication of these changes on the surface temperature is also discussed.

The opposed flow diffusion flame has proven a useful laboratory tool for the study of the combustion of both liquids and solids. Quantitative determinations of burning rates, extinction limits, mass transfer numbers, solid fuel thermal diffusivities, and flame structures have been obtained under well-controlled and reproducible conditions, Holve and Sawyer (1975), T'ien, et al. (1976). Extinction limits are of particular interest, especially in assessing inhibitor addition. Extinction data reveal the effect of inhibitors on the chemical reaction rate. In this study inhibitors have been added to both the gaseous oxidizer and the solid fuel. Extinction data have been obtained for polyethylene (PE) and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) in N/sub 2//O/sub 2/ mixtures. These data are compared to extinction measurements of polyethylene with an N/sub 2//O/sub 2//HCl mixture. Poly(vinyl chloride) differs chemically from polyethylene only by a substitution of a chlorine atom for a hydrogen atom in the monomer. With the inclusion of this halogen atom, poly(vinyl chloride) may be thought of as an ''inhibited'' polyethylene and therefore well suited for a comparative study. The behavior of the HCl added to the oxidizer side of the diffusion flame was found to be primarily that of an inert, in comparison to Cl being …