Report and geological survey. This report examines the ground water within the Wet Mountain Valley, Colorado. It includes maps of the area.

From introduction: The objective of this study are to (1) determine the areal extent and thickness of the Buffalo aquifer and the general occurrence of deeply buried aquifers, (2) determine the potential for development of water supplies from wells in the Buffalo aquifer, (3) investigate and discuss annual recharge to the Buffalo aquifer and the potential for artificially recharging the aquifer, (4) determine the chemical quality of water in the aquifer and in area streams, (5) establish a network of observation wells for monitoring water levels and water quality in the aquifer, (6) determine the relationship between the aquifer and the adjacent streams, and (7) update the information on the flow characteristics of the streams. The main focus of this study is on water in the Buffalo aquifer and on flow characteristics of streams.

From introduction: The purpose of this report is to describe low-flow characteristics of streams in the lower Wisconsin River basin where streamflow data have been collected and to present equations for estimating low-flow characteristics and ungaged sites.

From introduction: The North Coast Limestone area is one of the two most important ground-water provinces of Puerto Rico--the other being the South Coast Alluvial aquifer. The investigation of the water resources of the South Coast has progressed to the point that at this time (mid-1971) an electric-analog model of the area is being prepared. The hydrology of the North Coast Limestones, however, was never investigated as a whole before this investigation, and, therefore, this study was designed to assess the most important hydrolic features of the area.

From introduction: This report contains the findings of the first full year of data collected as part of a 3-year study to measure sediment discharges in the East Branch Mahoning Creek during installation of erosion and sedimentation controls by the surface miners.

From introduction: This report describes some basic principles of hydrology as they apply to Martin County. The major land features of the county are described first, then the hydrologic cycle and the county's surface-water and ground-water resource. Specific problems associated with population growth and the county's development, such as saltwater intrusion and water use, are sited and sections have been included in the report to deal with these problems.

From abstract: This report presents the theory and method of calculation used by MIX2, describes the input to the program, presents results of two test cases, and provides a program listing.

From introduction: This report describes rainfall-runoff modeling for three subbasins of the West Branch Brandywine Creek basin. Effects of increased runoff from continued urbanization of the basin and of proposed flood-control structures for both the present and projected population are evaluated for the West Branch Brandwyne Creek at Coatesville and Modena and for Sucker Run at State Route 82.

From purpose and study: The principal objectives of this study were as follows: (1) to determine the existing water-quality conditions in Lago Loiza as reflected by the principal chemical, physical, biological and bacteriological characteristics in the lake and its tributaries. (2) To estimate the reservoir's water budget during the study period, including the contributions from the tributaries and other sources. (3) Estimation of the reservoir's overall nitrogen and phosphorus budget, including the principal sources and sinks of these nutrients. (4) Definition of the sedimentation rate in the reservoir.

Purpose and scope: This reports presents the results of a 2-year investigation by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the city of St. Petersburg, to evaluate geohydrologic conditions at a landfill in a coastal area. The report defines and describes the geologic and geohydrologic units underlying the landfill, and examines the controls these units exert on the flow and quality of surface and ground water in the area. The study increases the understanding of the geohydrologic aspects of landfill operations and will be helpful in the selection of future landfill sites in similar coastal areas.

From abstract: At the Kaiser Aluminum and Chemical Corporation plant, Mulberry, Florida, high-chloride, acidic liquid wastes are injected into a dolomite section at depths below about 4,000 feet below land surface. Sonar caliper logs made in April 1976 revealed a solution chamber that is about 100 feet in height and has a maximum diameter of 23 feet in the injection zone.

Abstract: Unconsolidated strata of clay, silt, sand, and gravel of Late Cretaceous and pre-Wisconsin Pleistoscene ages lie between crystalline basement rocks (bedrock) of Precambrian (?) age and unconsolidated deposits of late Pleistocene (Wisconsin) and Holocene ages in Queens County, Long Island, N.Y., a borough of New York City. Data collected during a recent study of the hydrogeology of the county and updated records of earlier studies have been used to prepare contour maps that delineate the surfaces of the bedrock and the Upper Cretaceous and pre-Wisconsin Pleistocene deposits. The presence of diabase fragments, apparently from the Hudson Palisades, in a buried valley through the county suggests that the ancestral Hudson River was diverted into Queens County in Pleistocene.

From purpose and scope: The study was made to obtain baseline data for the island (Shelter Island) and as part of a larger study of shallow ground-water quality in Suffolk County, New York.

Report and geological survey. This report examines the effects of phosphate mining in Osceola National Forest, a 245-square mile area in Columbia and Baker Counties, Florida. It includes maps, graphs, and tables.

Abstract: ^ digital computer model was used to model an unconfined sandstone aquifer (Arikaree aquifer) in about 340 square miles (880 square kilometers) in southeastern Wyoming. The model was calibrated by comparing observed and calculated changes in the potentiometric surface and leakage from the aquifer along streams during water year 1974. The comparison was fairly good for changes in the potentiometric surface and was good for leakage. The calibrated model was used to predict changes in the potentiometric surface and leakage through water year 1979, assuming no new ground-water development after 1974 and normal recharge to the aquifer. Water-level declines of as much as 14 feet (4.3 meters) were predicted, but much of the area would be relatively unaffected. The total predicted decrease in leakage between water years 1974 and 1979 was about 500 acre-feet (0.6 cubic hectometer) per year; the greatest decrease was predicted along streams closest to areas of pumpage.

Abstract: Eighty-five stream sites in and near the six-county Greater Pittsburgh Region were sampled in mid-June 1971 and again in mid-October 1972. Concentrations of inorganic nitrogen, organic carbon, or phosphorus were high enough to indicate potential problems at about a quarter of the sampling sites. Temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH values indicated a generally favorable capacity for recovery from degradation, although a number of streams east of the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers are marginal or lacking. Regionally, sulfate is the dominant ion and was observed in concentrations of 40 milligrams per liter or more at 90 percent of the sites. Bicarbonate exceeded 100 milligrams per liter at 22 sites. A moderate to high degree of mineralization is indicated by conductance readings of more than 500 micromhos per centimeter at half of the sampling sites.

From purpose and scope: The purpose of this study was to describe existing hydrologic systems, to obtain data on the water quality in the area, and to assess potential impacts of surface coal mining on local water resources. Specific objectives of the study were to: (1) Identify ground-water resources and use; (2) identify surface-water resources and runoff characteristics; (3) determine chemical quality of the ground-water resources; (4) identify probable impacts on existing water resources by mining operations; and (5) evaluate the potential for reclamation of local water resources.

From purpose and scope: The purpose of this report is to present and interpret information on water-quality conditions in the Broward County canal system from 1969-74 for use by agencies involved with water management and other interested concerns or individuals.

From introduction: The primary objective of this study was to determine the net transport of zinc into the study area from urbanized perimeter, out of the study area across the northern boundary of the study area, and across the sediment-water interface within the study area, all within a limited time period. A secondary objective was to assemble as much data on other trace metals--their concentrations and chemical states in water, suspended solids, sediments and interstitial fluids--as possible within the time and funding constraints of the study in order to describe the existing trace metal conditions in the south bay. Thus the bulk of effort was directed toward evaluating the distribution and movements of zinc, but the data collected on the distribution and movements of zinc, but the data collected on the distribution of other metals is important and is reported here.

Abstract: The route of the partly completed Cross-Florida Barge Canal follows the St. Johns, Oklawaha and Withlacoochee Rivers. If the canal is ·completed, the Summit Reach, connecting the Oklawaha and Withlacoochee Rivers will be excavated into the Floridan aquifer. Large springs that discharge from this limestone and dolomite aquifer flow to the Oklawaha and Withlacoochee Rivers.

From abstract: The Snider Creek area of the Rosebud and Ashland coal fiends contains strippable reserves of Federal coal that have been identified for potential lease sale. A hydrologic study has been conducted in the potential lease area to describe the existing hydrologic systems and to assess potential impacts of surface coal mining on local water resources.

This report proposes three locations in two Florida counties "for regional monitoring of the effects of subsurface injection" on freshwater resources: Pinellas County and Hillsborough County. It contains a table, maps, and graphs.

Abstract: At a 24,000-acre citrus grove, a connector well is proposed as a resource management tool for capturing water normally lost through evapotranspiration and by excess runoff. Such a well would connect the surficial sand aquifer with the deep, highly transmissive limestone Floridan Aquifer. Because of natural head differences, water would move by gravity flow from the sand into the Floridan Aquifer, thus replenishing water withdrawn for irrigation from the Floridan Aquifer. A 70-acre marsh was selected as the test site based on analyses of hydraulic conductivity, porosity, and water quality. Recharge rate through the connector well under steady-state conditions is estimated at 160 gallons per minute. The proposed connector well is designed to have 10-inch screens opposite zones in the 45-foot thick sand aquifer, be cased for 400 feet opposite confining beds and a secondary limestone aquifer, and be open hole for about 250 feet in the Floridan Aquifer. A graded-sand filter pack placed around the screened sections of the well will increase its efficiency.

Abstract: Most public water supplies sampled in Florida meet the National Interim Primary and Proposed Secondary Drinking Water Regulations. This conclusion is based on a water quality reconnaissance of 131 raw and treated public supplies throughout the State during the period January through May 1979. In a few public supplies, primary drinking water regulation maximum contaminant levels were exceeded for mercury, turbidity, and gross alpha particle activity. Secondary drinking water regulations were also occasionally exceeded in some public supplies for such parameters as chloride, pH, color, dissolved solids, iron, and manganese. These parameters, however, are more related to the aesthetic quality of drinking water than to public health aspects.