Polarized neutron reflectivity measurements were conducted on [Nb(100{angstrom})/Si(15{angstrom})]xN superconducting multilayers with a T{sub c} {approximately} 7.5 K. Scope of the experiment was to verify the existence of arrays of vortices parallel to the surface above the critical field H{sub cl} = 400 Oe when a magnetic field was applied parallel to the film plane. Measurements at 1.6 K and 700 Oe in the zero-field-cooled condition, and at 30 Oe after field cooling, indicated that reflectivity close to the first Bragg reflection of the multilayer was significantly dependent on the neutron spin. This effect was interpreted as due to Josephson type vortices at and around the silicon layers.

Fibrous monolithic Si{sub 3}N{sub 4}/BN ({approx}85 vol.% Si{sub 3}N{sub 4}/15 vol.% BN) and monolithic Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} ceramics were compressed at a nearly constant strain rate ({var_epsilon}) at 1200-1400 C in N{sub 2}. The {var_epsilon} range was {approx}1 x 10{sup {minus}6} to 5 x 10{sup {minus}6} s{sup {minus}1}; the stress ({sigma}) range was 37-202 MPa. The Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} and the unidirectional fibrous monoliths that were oriented with the long axis of the Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} cells parallel to the compression direction exhibited plasticity at 1300 and 1400 C, with {var_epsilon} {proportional_to} {sigma}. A 0/90{degree} cross-ply Si{sub 3}N{sub 4}/BN laminate also exhibited significant plasticity, but it was weaker than the above-mentioned ceramics. The unidirectional fibrous monoliths that were compressed perpendicular to the cell direction fractured at {approx}50 MPa in all tests. A {+-}45{degree} laminate tested at 1300 C fractured at a stress of {approx}40 MPa. Low fracture stress correlated with shear through BN layers.

This document explains how to use a utility that can plot x-y data and bar-charts, and generate a DrawPerfect WPG graphics file. The format of a sample input text file (using the default page style) is described, and the graphics file it generated was printed on an HP LaserJet IV and is attached. Also attached are output graphs that demonstrate additional page styles. This utility lets you quickly generate x-y graphs and bar-charts for inclusion in WordPerfect documents. R was written because no other readily-available graphics package lets you overlay independent x-y curves on top of one other. Lotus 1-2-3, Harvard Graphics, and FoxGraph require all curves on the same page to have one common column of independent x-values or y-values. We were stuck in manual loops of cutting and pasting curves from one plot to another before they were included in our documents. Not any more! This document describes how to overcome this problem.

Pacific Northwest Laboratory has initiated a review of the Safeguards and Security systems at the Critical Mass Laboratory with regards to determining appropriate upgrading actions that assure that an effective and efficient Safeguards and Security posture consistent with DOE-RL policies, procedures, and priorities is effected. As a result of this review, PNL has concluded that specific upgrades are required at CML that provide a demonstrated enhancement to the overall security posture of the facility and are based upon prudent expenditures of government funds. It was further concluded that additional recommended upgrades provide minimal improvement to the overall security system at a significant outlay of funds.

The high spin states of {sup 240}Pu and {sup 244}Pu have been investigated with GAMMASPHERE at ATLAS, using Coulomb excitation with a {sup 208}Pb beam at energies above the Coulomb barrier. Data on a transfer channel leading to {sup 242}Pu were obtained as well. In the case of {sup 244}Pu, the yrast band was extended to 34{h_bar} revealing the completed {pi}i{sub 13/2} alignment, a ''first'' for actinide nuclei. The yrast sequence of {sup 242}Pu was also extended to higher spin and a similar backbend was delineated. In contrast, while the ground state band of {sup 240}Pu was measured up to the highest rotational frequencies ever reported in the actinide region ({approximately}300 keV), no sign of particle alignment was observed. In this case, several observable such as the large B(E1)/B(E2) branching ratios in the negative parity band, and the vanishing energy staggering between the negative and positive parity bands suggest that the strength of octupole correlations increases with rotational frequency. These stronger correlations may well be responsible for delaying or suppressing the {pi}i{sub 13/2} particle alignment.

As part of its manufacturing initiative, TEAM is actively involved in open architecture controller activities. Within the TEAM community of members, TEAM is developing an open architecture controller requirements document and an open architecture controller application programming interface document. In addition, TEAM is also evaluating early open architecture controllers in a shop floor environment.

A partially-depleted SOI transistor structure has been designed that does not require the use of specially-processed hardened buried oxides for total-dose hardness and maintains the intrinsic SEU and dose rate hardness advantages of SOI technology.

Wet chemical etching of GaN, InN, AlN, InAlN and InGaN was investigated in various acid and base solutions at temperatures up to 75 C. Only KOH-based solutions were found to etch AlN and InAlN. No etchants were found for the other nitrides, emphasizing their extreme lack of chemical reactivity. The native oxide on most of the nitrides could be removed in potassium tetraborate at 75 C, or HCl/H{sub 2}O at 25 C.

This safety evaluation for packaging (SEP) allows the transport of approximately 820 kg (1800 lb) of solid sodium between the 200 W Area and the 337 Building in the 300 Area of Hanford to be processed for disposal. This SEP authorizes a one-time shipment.

We conducted depth of penetration experiments with 7.11-mm-diameter, 74.7-mm-long, spherical-nose, 4340 steel projectiles launched into 250-mm-diameter, 6061-T6511 aluminum targets. To show the effect of projectile strength, we used projectiles that had average Rockwell harnesses of R{sub c} = 36.6, 39.5, and 46.2. A powder gun and two-stage, light-gas guns launched the 0.023 kg projectiles at striking velocities between 0.5 and 3.0 km/s. Post-test radiographs of the targets showed three response regions as striking velocities increased: (1) the projectiles remained visibly undeformed, (2) the projectiles permanently deformed without erosion, and (3) the projectiles eroded and lost mass. To show the effect of projectile strength, we compared depth-of-penetration data as a function of striking velocity for spherical-nose rods with three Rockwell harnesses at striking velocities ranging from 0.5 to 3.0 km/s. To show the effect of nose shape, we compared penetration data for the spherical-nose projectiles with previously published data for ogive-nose projectiles.

This document summarizes the information on the historical uses, present status, and the sampling and analysis results of waste stored in Tank 241-T-104. This report supports the requirements of the Tri- Party Agreement Milestone M-44-05.

A number of different plasma chemistries, including NF{sub 3}/O{sub 2}, SF{sub 6}/O{sub 2}, SF{sub 6}/Ar, ICl, IBr, Cl{sub 2}/Ar, BCl{sub 3}/Ar and CH{sub 4}/H{sub 2}/Ar, have been investigated for dry etching of 6H and 3C-SiC in a Inductively Coupled Plasma tool. Rates above 2,000 {angstrom} cm{sup {minus}1} are found with fluorine-based chemistries at high ion currents. Surprisingly, Cl{sub 2}-based etching does not provide high rates, even though the potential etch products (SiCi{sub 4} and CCl{sub 4}) are volatile. Photoresist masks have poor selectivity over SiC in F{sub 2}-based plasmas under normal conditions, and ITO or Ni are preferred.

In order to maintain its ability to continue to conduct uninterrupted radioactive and metallurgical research in a safe, secure, and environmentally sound manner, the US Department of Energy (DOE) proposes to upgrade the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) Chemistry and Metallurgy Research (CMR) Building. The building was built in the early 1950s to provide a research and experimental facility for analytical chemistry, plutonium and uranium chemistry, and metallurgy. Today, research and development activities are performed involving nuclear materials. A variety of radioactive and chemical hazards are present. The CMR Building is nearing the end of its original design life and does not meet many of today`s design codes and standards. The Proposed Action for this Environmental Assessment (EA) includes structural modifications to some portions of the CMR Building which do not meet current seismic criteria for a Hazard Category 2 Facility. Also included are upgrades and improvements in building ventilation, communications, monitoring, and fire protection systems. This EA analyzes the environmental effects of construction of the proposed upgrades. The Proposed Action will have no adverse effects upon agricultural and cultural resources, wetlands and floodplains, endangered and threatened species, recreational resources, or water resources. The Proposed Action would have negligible effects …

Calcium oxide sorbents injected in a stagging combustor react with the sulfur released during coal combustion to form sulfur bearing particles, some of which are deposited on the liquid slag layer on the combustor wall. Since the solubility of sulfur in liquid slag is low, the slag must be drained from the combustor to limit sulfur re-evolution into the gas phase. The objective of this 24 month project is to perform a series of 16 one day tests to determine the factors that control the retention of the sulfur in the slag that is drained from the combustor. In the present quarterly reporting period, 10 days of combustor tests were performed, bringing the total number of tests performed to 15. A wide range of operating conditions were tested including injection of metal oxide powders to achieve total mineral injection rates in excess of 400 lb/hr at coal mass flow rates of around 1000 lb/hr. It was determined that efficient sulfur capture requires calcium oxide particle sizes that are too small to be effectively retained in the combustor. On the other hand, injection of coarse calcium sulfate particles into the combustor sharply increased the slag viscosity, thereby reducing the slag flow …

During FY96, two specific projects were addressed, Yb-doped fluoroapatite and Cr:ZnSe crystals, which are being used as the gain media to develop diode-pumped solid-state lasers. Both materials have unique properties for near infrared to mid-infrared applications. However, defects in the crystals create optical losses and reduce the efficiency of the lasers. The source of the losses in the crystals were studied and techniques developed to reduce and/or eliminate defects to aid in the growth of high optical quality crystals to increase laser efficiency.

We describe a method for binding the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide as magnesium carbonate, a thermodynamically stable solid, for safe and permanent disposal, and with minimal environment impact. The technique is based on extracting magnesium hydroxide from common ultramafic rock for thermal carbonation and subsequent disposition. The economics of the method appear to be promising, however, many details of the proposed process have yet to be optimized. Initial estimates indicate that binding and disposal would impose a burden of approximately 3{cents}/kWH onto the cost of electricity. This cost could be reduced significantly in the short term by entering niche markets for various technologies for efficient extraction and thermal carbonation. In this paper, we describe some of the kinetic limitations and opportunities. The proposed disposal technique may be viewed as a sort of insurance policy in case global warming, or the perception of global warming causes severe restrictions on CO{sub 2} emissions.

When the accelerator first began operation it was decided that, until we had the necessary dosimetry data to decide otherwise, we would badge the entire worker and experimental population. Each person was issued a dosimetry badge that contained 4 TLD elements. Badges were processed on a monthly basis. After three years of analyzing a total of 65,000 TLD elements, the decision was made to modify the radiation monitoring policy at the ALS. Only those individuals in the workforce that have any potential for exposure, no matter how small, would be badged. Subsequently, DOE conducted an independent review of the ALS radiation monitoring and dosimetry program. This review concluded that the ALS program, if expanded as proposed, would be adequate under the 10 CFR 835 Rule to establish radiation exposures to an acceptable level of confidence. The review team recommended the ALS provide more comprehensive documentation on the basis for its radiation protection and monitoring program. This document describes the technical justification for that program.

The goal of the research described in this report is to document the climatic variability over the past 10,000 to 20,000 years in areas in which sites may be designated for the burial of nuclear wastes. Three separate data sets were studied, and the results are presented in three chapters. The first data set consisted of radiocarbon dates documenting past changes in lake levels in lakes and playas in the western United States. The sites were mapped where water levels were higher than the levels today and were presented in a table telling what evidence is available at each site. The lake-level fluctuations for the past 24,000 years at sites in the West were also mapped and time series for these fluctuations at four sites were presented. The second data set was a selection of the published radiocarbon-dated pollen diagrams from the western United States. These data are a valuable source of climatic information and complement the geological evidence of lake-level fluctuations in the West. A table is presented that gives the location, elevation, and number of radiocarbon dates for each site. The third data set was a set of fossil pollen data from 20 sites in the upper Midwest. …

The objective of this project is to demonstrate incremental reserves from Osagian and Meramecian (Mississippian) dolomite reservoirs in western Kansas through application of reservoir characterization to identify areas of unrecovered mobile oil. The project addresses producibility problems in two fields: Specific reservoirs target the Schaben Field in Ness County, Kansas, and the Bindley Field in Hodgeman County, Kansas. The producibility problems to be addressed include inadequate reservoir characterization, drilling and completion design problems, non-optimum recovery efficiency. The results of this project will be disseminated through various technology transfer activities. Work in this quarter has continued to concentrate on Task 1.2 reservoir characterization and Task 1.3 technology transfer.

As proposed, the second year program will continue and expand upon the Kansas elements of the original program, and provide improved on-line access to the prototype atlas. The second year of the program will result in a prototype digital atlas sufficient to demonstrate the approach and to provide a permanent improvement in data access to Kansas operators. The ultimate goal of providing an interactive history-matching interface with a regional data base remains for future development as the program covers more geographic territory and the data base expands. As part of the first year project ``Pages`` and data schema for the atlas overview and field studies were developed and made accessible through the world-wide-web. The atlas structure includes access to geologic, geophysical and production information at levels from the natural, to the regional, to the field to the individual well. Several approaches have been developed that provide efficient and flexible screening and search procedures. The prototype of the digital atlas is accessible through the Kansas Geological Survey Petroleum Research Section (PRS) HomePage (the Universal Resource locator [URL] is http://www.kgs.ukans. edu/PRS/PRS.html). The Digital Petroleum Atlas (DPA) HomePage is available directly at http://www.kgs.ukans.edu/DPA/dpaHome.html.

This OIT fact sheet describes how your company can realize savings in its electric motor, compressed air, and steam systems, in the form of reduced electrical bills and improved efficiency.

IVY is a verified theorem prover for first-order logic with equality. It is coded in ACL2, and it makes calls to the theorem prover Otter to search for proofs and to the program MACE to search for countermodels. Verifications of Otter and MACE are not practical because they are coded in C. Instead, Otter and MACE give detailed proofs and models that are checked by verified ACL2 programs. In addition, the initial conversion to clause form is done by verified ACL2 code. The verification is done with respect to finite interpretations.

In support of the gas generation test program (GGTP) for the 9975 shipping container, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was conducted. The objective of this activity was to determine the moisture content as an input to the gas generation model.

This project examines three major areas in which CO{sub 2} flooding can be improved: fluid and matrix interactions, conformance control, sweep efficiency, and reservoir simulation for improved oil recovery. This report discusses the activity during the calendar quarter covering October 1, 1999 through December 31, 1999 that covers mostly the second fiscal quarter of the project's third year. Injectivity experiments were performed on two Indian limestone cores. In tests on the first core, a variety of brine, CO{sub 2} WAG, and oil contaminant injection schemes indicated infectivity reduction due to phase conditions and contamination. The results are only quantitative because of plugging and erosion in the core. To date, tests on the second core have investigated the effects of long-term brine stability on the reduction of fluid-rock interaction, in order to quantify fluid effects on infectivity. The authors continue to develop a new approach in reservoir simulation to improve the history matching process on clusters of PCs. The main objective was to improve simulation of complex improved oil recovery methods, such as CO{sub 2}-foam for mobility control and sweep enhancements. Adsorption experiments using circulation and flow-through methods were used to determine the loss of surfactants for economic evaluation. A sacrificial …