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Analysis of x-ray production in TMX upgrade
TMX Upgrade (TMX-U), a tandem mirror experiment at LLNL, will use high power microwaves for electron cyclotron resonant heating (ECRH). As demonstrated on Elmo Bumpy Torus (EBT) and related experiments which use similar heating techniques, high energy electron populations are created. In these devices, which run CW, significant x-ray production occurs and adequate shielding must be provided for personnel protection. TMX-U is a pulsed experiment; however, significant x-ray production is expected from the 50 keV mean energy electron population. In this report the expected x-ray generation is calculated and the provisions for shielding are described. Based upon these calculations, as well as scaling estimates from other devices, the provided shielding is shown to be adequate for hot electron temperatures of interest for the experiment.
Date:
February 4, 1982
Creator:
Stallard, B. & Stephens, L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Transportation Spending and "Buy America" Requirements
This report discusses the Buy America Act, the popular name for a group of domestic content restrictions that have been attached to funds administered by the Department of Transportation (DOT).
Date:
February 4, 2014
Creator:
Dolan, Alissa M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The European Parliament
This report provides background on the Congress-European Parliament (EP) relationship and the role of the Transatlantic Legislators' Dialogue (TLD). It also explores potential future options that coukd strengthen ties between the two bodies.
Date:
February 4, 2014
Creator:
Archick, Kristin
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Social Security Number: Legal Developments Affecting Its Collection, Disclosure, and Confidentiality
This report provides a comprehensive list of federal developments affecting use of the social security number, from 1935 to the present. This list includes federal statutes regulating the collection and disclosure of SSNs, as well as specific authorizations for the use of SSNs, confidentiality provisions, and criminal provisions relating to SSN misuse.
Date:
February 4, 2014
Creator:
Swendiman, Kathleen S. & Lanza, Emily M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The United Nations Human Rights Council: Issues for Congress
This report provides historical background of the United Nations Human Rights Council, including the role of the previous Commission. It discusses the Council's current mandate and structure, as well as U.S. policy and congressional actions. Finally, it highlights possible policy issues for the 112th Congress, including the overall effectiveness of the Council in addressing human rights, implications for U.S. membership, and U.S. financial contributions to the Council.
Date:
February 4, 2014
Creator:
Blanchfield, Luisa
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) Negotiations
This report provides: (1) context for the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) negotiations; (2) analysis of possible trade and investment issues in the negotiations; and (3) discussion of issues for Congress. The U.S.-EU negotiations on TTIP are not public, however, the information and analysis in this report on issues in the negotiations are based on publicly-available information.
Date:
February 4, 2014
Creator:
Akhtar, Shayerah Ilias & Jones, Vivian C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Navy DDG-51 and DDG-1000 Destroyer Programs: Background and Issues for Congress
This report presents background information and potential oversight issues for Congress on the Navy's Arleigh Burke (DDG-51) and Zumwalt (DDG-1000) class destroyer programs. Decisions that Congress makes concerning these programs could substantially affect Navy capabilities and funding requirements, and the U.S. shipbuilding industrial base.
Date:
February 4, 2014
Creator:
O'Rourke, Ronald
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Medicaid Drug Rebate Program: Inadequate Oversight Raises Concerns about Rebates Paid to States
A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "To help control Medicaid spending on drugs, states receive rebates from pharmaceutical manufacturers through the Medicaid drug rebate program. Rebates are based on two prices--best price and average manufacturer price (AMP)--reported by manufacturers. Both reflect manufacturers' prices to various entities, accounting for certain financial concessions like discounts. Concerns have been raised about rising Medicaid drug spending. GAO studied (1) federal oversight of manufacturer-reported best prices and AMPs and the methods used to determine them, (2) how manufacturers' determinations of those prices could have affected rebates, and (3) how the rebate program reflects financial concessions in the private market."
Date:
February 4, 2005
Creator:
United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Medicare: Methodology to Identify and Measure Improper Payments in the Medicare Program Does Not Include All Fraud
Correspondence issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO provided information on the methodology used to estimate the $12.6 billion in Medicare improper payments, as reported by the Department of Health and Human Services' (HHS) Office of Inspector General (OIG) for fiscal year (FY) 1998, focusing on whether the methodology included tests to detect improper payments resulting from fraudulent and abusive schemes in the Medicare program."
Date:
February 4, 2000
Creator:
United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type:
Text
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Internal Controls: DOD Records Retention Practices Hamper Accountability
Correspondence issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "GAO reviewed the Navy's records retention and financial disbursements, focusing on the Navy's application of a Department of Defense (DOD) Financial Management Regulation (FMR) which calls for copies of disbursing officer records to be destroyed after 1 year."
Date:
February 4, 2000
Creator:
United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type:
Text
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Estimated Temporary Medicaid Funding Allocations Related to Section 5001 of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
Correspondence issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "Congress asked us to estimate the state allocations that would likely occur in the Federal Medical Assistance Percentage (FMAP) for the Medicaid funding included in Section 5001 of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, which is currently being debated by the Senate. This correspondence responds to your request for state-by-state, quarter-by-quarter estimates of the Medicaid funding states would receive under the section of the proposed legislation that temporarily increases the FMAP."
Date:
February 4, 2009
Creator:
United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type:
Text
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Securities Exchange Act: Review of Reporting Under Section 10A
Correspondence issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO reviewed the reporting procedures under Section 10A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934."
Date:
February 4, 2000
Creator:
United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type:
Text
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Telecommunications: Wire-Based Competition Benefited Consumers In Selected Markets
A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "One of the primary purposes of the Telecommunications Act of 1996 was to promote competition in telecommunication markets, but wire-based competition has not developed as fully as expected. However, a new kind of entrant, called broadband service providers (BSP), offers an alternative wire- based option for local telephone, subscription television, and high- speed Internet services to consumers in the markets they have chosen to enter. This report provides information on (1) BSPs' business strategy, (2) the impact of BSPs' market entry on incumbent companies' behavior and consumer prices for telecommunications services, (3) the key factors that BSPs consider when making decisions about which local markets to enter, and (4) the success of BSPs in attaining subscribership and any key factors that may limit their success. We developed a case-study approach to compare 6 cities where a BSP has been operating for at least 1 year with 6 similar cities that do not have such a competitor. The 6 markets with a BSP presently account for more than 20 percent of the households nationwide that are in areas where BSPs currently offer the three-service package, but the …
Date:
February 4, 2004
Creator:
United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Medicare Advantage: Comparison of Plan Bids to Fee-for-Service Spending by Plan and Market Characteristics
Correspondence issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "While most of Medicare's 46 million beneficiaries are covered by the traditional fee-for-service (FFS) program, about one in four beneficiaries receives benefits through private health plans under the Medicare Advantage (MA) program. Under the FFS program, Medicare pays health care providers for each covered service they furnish. While Medicare sets the price it pays, the volume of services--and, as a consequence, total spending--remains largely uncontrolled. In contrast, MA plans have more control over both the price they pay to providers and the quantity of services they deliver. As of September 2010, more than 11 million beneficiaries were enrolled in approximately 3,900 MA plans sponsored by 181 parent MA organizations (MAO). MAOs generally offer beneficiaries one or more plans to choose from--with different coverage, premiums, and cost sharing features--in the areas they serve. Also, MA plans may provide additional benefits not offered under FFS Medicare, such as reduced cost sharing or vision and dental coverage. Medicare pays plans a fixed amount per enrolled beneficiary monthly. In 2010, Medicare payments to MA plans totaled an estimated $115 billion. In June of each year, MA plans submit bids to the Centers …
Date:
February 4, 2011
Creator:
United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type:
Text
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Biomonitoring: EPA Could Make Better Use of Biomonitoring Data
Testimony issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "Biomonitoring, which measures chemicals in people's tissues or body fluids, has shown that the U.S. population is widely exposed to chemicals used in everyday products. Some of these have the potential to cause cancer or birth defects. Moreover, children may be more vulnerable to harm from these chemicals than adults. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is authorized under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) to control chemicals that pose unreasonable health risks. One crucial tool in this process is chemical risk assessment, which involves determining the extent to which populations will be exposed to a chemical and assessing how this exposure affects human health This testimony, based on GAO's prior work, reviews the (1) extent to which EPA incorporates information from biomonitoring studies into its assessments of chemicals, (2) steps that EPA has taken to improve the usefulness of biomonitoring data, and (3) extent to which EPA has the authority under TSCA to require chemical companies to develop and submit biomonitoring data to EPA."
Date:
February 4, 2010
Creator:
United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type:
Text
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Commercial Space Launches: FAA's Risk Assessment Process Is Not Yet Updated
Testimony issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "According to studies, the United States in 2012 provided less commercial space launch indemnification for third party losses than China, France, and Russia. These countries put no limit on the amount of government indemnification coverage which in the U.S. is limited by the Commercial Space Launch Act (CSLA). Governments' commitments to pay have never been tested because there has not been a third party claim that exceeded a private launch company's insurance."
Date:
February 4, 2014
Creator:
United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type:
Text
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Laboratory Quality: Financing the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act (CLIA) Program
Correspondence issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO reviewed user fees paid to the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) for Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act (CLIA) activities, focusing on the: (1) CLIA program budget history, including their rationale for recent fee increases; (2) allocation of increased fees across laboratories and states; and (3) information HCFA provided to states on CLIA program operations and the recent increase in fees."
Date:
February 4, 2000
Creator:
United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type:
Text
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Use of the Railroad Retirement Board Occupational Disability Program across the Rail Industry
Correspondence issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "We recently reported that Long Island Rail Road (LIRR) workers applied for U.S. Railroad Retirement Board (RRB) occupational disability benefits at a rate 12 times higher than workers from the other commuter railroads covered under the Railroad Retirement Act. RRB provides an occupational disability benefit to eligible workers whose physical or mental impairments prevent them from performing their specific railroad jobs. For example, a railroad engineer who cannot frequently climb, bend, or reach, as required by the job, may be found occupationally disabled. On March 18, 2009, Congress asked us to conduct a systematic review of RRB's occupational disability program. Per our discussions following the release of our September 2009 report on LIRR and commuter rail workers' experience with the program, Congress refined its request. It told us that its primary interest was quickly determining whether unusual patterns in claims like those exhibited at LIRR exist elsewhere across the rail industry, including class I, II, and III railroads. This letter formally conveys the information we provided during a briefing with Congress on December 2, 2009. In summary, we found that no other rail employers in our analysis had …
Date:
February 4, 2010
Creator:
United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type:
Text
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Executive Office of the President: Analysis of EOP's 1999 Information Technology Architecture Update and Capital Investment Plan Report
Correspondence issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO reviewed the Executive Office of the President's (EOP) 1999 Annual Update to the Information Technology Architecture (ITA) and its Capital Investment Plan Report, focusing on whether these documents adequately define a target enterprise systems architecture."
Date:
February 4, 2000
Creator:
United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type:
Text
System:
The UNT Digital Library
U.S.-China Trade: Observations on Ensuring China's Compliance with World Trade Organization Commitments
Testimony issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "U.S. government efforts to ensure China's compliance with its World Trade Organization (WTO) commitments require a sustained and multifaceted approach. To provide Congress with an update on these issues, GAO (1) discussed the key findings, conclusions, and recommendations from our recently issued work on China-WTO issues and (2) updated the Commission on a number of ongoing GAO reviews on China trade and economic issues. The observations are based on a series of reports initiated at the bipartisan request of various congressional committees. That work has included an analysis of China's commitments, surveys and interviews with private sector representatives, and the results of two annual assessments of the U.S. government's compliance efforts. Additionally, our work on China- WTO issues included fieldwork in Washington, D.C., China, and at the WTO headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland."
Date:
February 4, 2005
Creator:
United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type:
Text
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Financial Regulation: A Framework for Crafting and Assessing Proposals to Modernize the Outdated U.S. Financial Regulatory System
Testimony issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "This testimony discusses our January 8, 2009, report that provides a framework for modernizing the outdated U.S. financial regulatory system. We prepared this work under the authority of the Comptroller General to help policymakers weigh various regulatory reform proposals and consider ways in which the current regulatory system could be made more effective and efficient. This testimony is based on our report, which (1) describes how regulation has evolved in banking, securities, thrifts, credit unions, futures, insurance, secondary mortgage markets and other important areas; (2) describes several key changes in financial markets and products in recent decades that have highlighted significant limitations and gaps in the existing regulatory system; and (3) presents an evaluation framework that can be used by Congress and others to shape potential regulatory reform efforts. On January 22, we released an update to our biennial High-Risk Series, which described high-risk areas in federal programs, including by focusing on the need for broad-based transformations to address major economy, efficiency, or effectiveness challenges. Based on recent economic events and our past work on financial regulatory reform, we added the need to modernize the outdated U.S. financial …
Date:
February 4, 2009
Creator:
United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type:
Text
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Recreation Fees: Demonstration Program Successful in Raising Revenues but Could Be Improved
Testimony issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO discussed the recreational fee demonstration program, focusing on: (1) ensuring that future revenues can be applied to the agencies' highest priority unmet needs; (2) coordinating fees between agencies at demonstration sites that are close to each other; (3) being more innovative in setting fees; and (4) assessing the effect of fees on specific segments of the population."
Date:
February 4, 1999
Creator:
United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type:
Text
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Government Management: Observations on OMB's Management Leadership Efforts
Testimony issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO discussed its observations on the Office of Management and Budget's (OMB) efforts to carry out its responsibilities to set policy and oversee the management of the executive branch, focusing on: (1) OMB's wide-ranging management responsibilities and the question of whether to integrate or separate management and budget functions; (2) the effectiveness of OMB's management leadership; and (3) the factors that appear to contribute to progress in sustaining improvements in federal management."
Date:
February 4, 1999
Creator:
United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type:
Text
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Managing for Results: Challenges Agencies Face in Producing Credible Performance Information
A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO identified some of the challenges agencies face in producing credible performance information and how those challenges may affect performance reporting, focusing on: (1) whether the weaknesses identified in agencies' performance plans imply challenges for the performance reports; (2) some of the challenges agencies face in producing credible performance data; and (3) how performance reports can be used to address data credibility issues."
Date:
February 4, 2000
Creator:
United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library