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Iran Sanctions
This report discusses U.S. sanctions against Iran and the 2016 Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) nuclear agreement which led to the lifting of sanctions based on nuclear proliferation in Iran. It outlines the various sanctions against Iran and their current implementation status, international efforts to bring about compliance, and their effects; it also addresses recent discussions regarding President's Trump announcement that the U.S. was decertifying the nuclear agreement and the possibility of reinstating certain sanctions.
Date:
November 28, 2018
Creator:
Katzman, Kenneth
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The "National Security Exception" and the World Trade Organization
This report examines the meaning of the national security exception in Article XXI of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)--a provision also implicated in a recent World Trade Organization (WTO) dispute between Russia and Ukraine; a blockade of Qatar by Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates; and a few other disputes.
Date:
November 28, 2018
Creator:
Murrill, Brandon J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
U.S. Sanctions on Russia
This report provides a comprehensive overview of U.S. sanctions against Russia. It provides an overview of U.S. sanctions authorities and tools; describes various sanctions regimes that have been used and entities or that are available for this purpose, addressing authorities, tools, targets, and historical context; briefly discusses countersanctions by Russia; addresses the evolution of U.S. coordination with the European Union; and assesses the economic impact of sanctions on Russia at the level of the national economy and individual firms.
Date:
November 28, 2018
Creator:
Welt, Cory; Archick, Kristin; Nelson, Rebecca M. & Rennack, Dianne E.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
U.S. Tariff Policy: Overview
This report provides a brief overview of United States tariff policy. A tariff is a customs duty levied on imported and exported goods and services, typically used to protect domestic industries or as leverage in trade negotiations and disputes.
Date:
November 28, 2018
Creator:
Casey, Christopher A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Cloture Attempts on Nominations: Data and Historical Development Through November 20, 2013
This report discusses topics regarding cloture as a means to limit debate and overcome a possible filibuster.
Date:
September 28, 2018
Creator:
Beth, Richard S.; Greene, Michael & Rybicki, Elizabeth
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Former Speakers of the House: Office Allowances, Franking Privileges, and Staff Assistance
This report discusses the allowance former Speakers of the House of Representatives were provided upon their departure. This allowance began in 1970 and was repealed with the passage of the legislative branch appropriations act for FY2019, P.L. 115-244.
Date:
September 28, 2018
Creator:
Egar, William T.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Global Trade Imbalances
This report discusses the International Monetary Fund's (IMF) July 2018 report on global trade imbalances that identifies countries with "excessive" current account balances and exchange rates that are "misaligned." The current account is a broad measure of a country's global economic engagement and is comprised of trade in goods, services, and official flows.
Date:
September 28, 2018
Creator:
Jackson, James K.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The "Flores Settlement" and Alien Families Apprehended at the U.S. Border: Frequently Asked Questions
This report answers frequently asked legal questions pertaining to the Flores Settlement and the settlement's impact on the detention of alien families apprehended at or near the U.S. border. In particular, the report addresses (1) background of the litigation, (2) how the Settlement restricts DHS's power to keep families in detention, (3) the relationship between the Ms. L. litigation and the Settlement, (4) the executive branch's policy options under the Settlement, and (5) the extent to which either the executive branch or Congress can override or modify the terms of the Flores Settlement.
Date:
August 28, 2018
Creator:
Peck, Sarah Herman & Harrington, Ben
System:
The UNT Digital Library
U.S. Trade Debates: Select Disputes and Actions
This report discusses a number of significant trade disputes involving the United States over the past 100 years. It is a response to the 271 active trade disputes currently being addressed in the World Trade Organization (WTO) that involve the United States.
Date:
August 28, 2018
Creator:
Schwarzenberg, Andres B.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Justice Kennedy Retires: Initial Considerations for Congress
This report discusses the retirement of Justice Anthony Kennedy from the Supreme Court. In so doing, this post provides a broad overview of key legal issues Congress (and, more specifically the Senate, through its advice and consent role) may wish to consider as it reflects on Justice Kennedy's jurisprudence and how his eventual successor might shape the future of the Court, Congress, and the nation as a whole.
Date:
June 28, 2018
Creator:
Nolan, Andrew & Garcia, Michael John
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Permitting for Pesticide Discharges into Navigable Waters: Issues and Legislation in the 115th Congress
This report discusses the pesticide general permit (PGP), which is required for discharges of biological pesticides and chemical pesticides that leave a residue in navigable waters. Possible actions from the 115th Congress are also discussed.
Date:
June 28, 2018
Creator:
Gatz, Laura & Yen, Jerry H.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Trade Deficits and U.S. Trade Policy
This report examines the components of the U.S. trade deficit in terms of the merchandise trade account and the broader current account. It also assesses the relationship between the trade deficit and U.S. free trade agreements, perceived unfair treatment in trading relationships, the trade deficit and U.S. rates of unemployment, and the impact of tariffs on the U.S. trade deficit, as well as raises issues for potential congressional consideration.
Date:
June 28, 2018
Creator:
Jackson, James K.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
FHA-Insured Home Loans: An Overview
This report provides an overview of the Federal Housing Administration's (FHA) loan programs.
Date:
March 28, 2018
Creator:
Jones, Katie
System:
The UNT Digital Library
An Introduction to the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit
This report provides an overview of the low-income tax credit.
Date:
March 28, 2018
Creator:
Keightley, Mark P.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Blockchain: Background and Policy Issues
This report explains the technologies which underpin blockchain digital financial ledgers, how blockchain works, potential applications for blockchain, concerns with it, and potential considerations for Congress.
Date:
February 28, 2018
Creator:
Jaikaran, Chris
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Education-Related Regulatory Flexibilities, Waivers, and Federal Assistance in Response to Disasters and National Emergencies
This report is intended to inform Congress of existing statutory and regulatory provisions that may aid in responding to future disasters and national emergencies that may affect the provision of or access to education and highlight the actions of previous Congresses to provide additional recovery assistance. This report reflects the most recently available guidance, as of the date of publication, related to education-related disaster response and flexibilities. It will be updated should new or additional statutes be enacted or guidance be issued.
Date:
February 28, 2018
Creator:
Granovskiy, Boris & Hegji, Alexandra
System:
The UNT Digital Library
EPA's Proposal to Repeal the Clean Power Plan: Benefits and Costs
This report discusses the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) plan for repealing the Clean Power Plan and the new plans costs and benefits.
Date:
February 28, 2018
Creator:
Shouse, Kate C.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Social Security Retirement Age
This report discusses the social security retirement age and the differences in monthly benefits received by individuals taking social security early or after full retirement age (FRA). Increases in the retirement age and various proposals related to changes in the timing of benefits is also discussed.
Date:
February 28, 2018
Creator:
Nuschler, Dawn
System:
The UNT Digital Library
State Minimum Wages: An Overview
This report begins with a brief discussion of Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) minimum wage coverage. It then provides a summary of state minimum wage laws, followed by an examination of rates and mechanisms of adjustments in states with minimum wage levels above the FLSA rate (Table 1 provides summary data). Next, the report discusses the interaction of federal and state minimum wages over time, and finally, the Appendix provides detailed information on the major components of minimum wage policies in all 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Date:
February 28, 2018
Creator:
Bradley, David H.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Federal Disaster Assistance: The National Flood Insurance Program and Other Federal Disaster Assistance Programs Available to Individuals and Households After a Flood
This report provides an overview of the assistance available to individuals and households following a flood and provides links to more comprehensive guidance on both flood insurance and disaster assistance.
Date:
November 28, 2017
Creator:
Horn, Diane P.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Federal Role in Voter Registration: The National Voter Registration Act of 1993 and Subsequent Developments
This report first provides a brief background on the federal role in voter registration and the passage of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (NVRA), followed by a discussion of the key components of NVRA. The implementation of NVRA, subsequent modifications to its provisions, and ongoing considerations related to federal voter registration are also discussed. The final sections of this report provide descriptions of types of common legislative proposals addressing voter registration, with a full list of related bills introduced in the 115th Congress to date provided in the Appendix.
Date:
November 28, 2017
Creator:
Eckman, Sarah J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Federally Supported Water Supply and Wastewater Treatment Programs
This report provides background information on the types of water supply and wastewater treatment projects traditionally funded by the federal government and the existing programs to assist communities with water supply and wastewater treatment.
Date:
November 28, 2017
Creator:
Ramseur, Jonathan L.; Boyd, Eugene; Carter, Nicole T.; Cowan, Tadlock; Stern, Charles V.; Stubbs, Megan et al.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Funding Gaps and Government Shutdowns: CRS Experts
This report provides the names of CRS staff who specialize in each departmental area that is funded by annual appropriations and thus most affected by government shutdowns.
Date:
November 28, 2017
Creator:
Brass, Clinton T.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Navy Ford (CVN-78) Class Aircraft Carrier Program: Background and Issues for Congress
This report provides background information and potential oversight issues for Congress on the Gerald R. Ford (CVN-78) class aircraft carrier program. The Navy's proposed FY2018 budget requested a total of $4,461.8 million in procurement funding for the program.
Date:
November 28, 2017
Creator:
O'Rourke, Ronald
System:
The UNT Digital Library