Mafic and Ultramafic Xenoliths from Volcanic Rocks of the Western United States (open access)

Mafic and Ultramafic Xenoliths from Volcanic Rocks of the Western United States

From abstract: Mafic and ultramafic xenoliths in the Western United States are present in volcanic rocks ranging from lamprophyric to dacitic in composition and are found in every major tectonic province from the Coast ranges from California to the Great Plains. Xenoliths from 68 localities are described here, but new localities are being discovered, and much remain to be learned about their distribution with respect to the tectonic and geophysical framework of the Western United States.
Date: 1988
Creator: Wilshire, Howard Gordon; Meyer, C. E.; Nakata, John K.; Calk, L. C.; Shervais, John W.; Nielson, J. E. et al.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Consultation draft: Site characterization plan overview, Deaf Smith County Site, Texas: Nuclear Waste Policy Act (Section 113) (open access)

Consultation draft: Site characterization plan overview, Deaf Smith County Site, Texas: Nuclear Waste Policy Act (Section 113)

The Department of Energy (DOE) is preparing a site characterization plan for the candidate site in Deaf Smith County, Texas. The DOE has provided, for information and review, a consultation draft of the plan to the State of Texas and the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The site characterization plan is a lengthy document that describes in considerable detail the program that will be conducted to characterize the geologic, hydrologic, and other conditions relevant to the suitability of the site for a repository. The overview presented here consists of brief summaries of important topics covered in the consultation draft of the site characterization plan; it is not a substitute for the site characterization plan. The arrangement of the overview is similar to that of the plan itself, with brief descriptions of the repository system - the site, the repository, and the waste package - preceding the discussion of the characterization program to be carried out at the Deaf Smith County site. It is intended primarily for the management staff of organizations involved in the DOE's repository program or other persons who might wish to understand the general scope of the site-characterization program, the activities to be conducted, and the facilities to …
Date: January 1, 1988
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Paying the Bill: Manufacturing and America's Trade Deficit (open access)

Paying the Bill: Manufacturing and America's Trade Deficit

This special report analyzes the causes of the deterioration in America’s trade performance and examines the importance of U.S. manufacturing in helping the nation improve its position in international trade. The report was requested by Senator John Heinz as part of an assessment of technology, innovation and U.S. trade requested by the Senate Committee on Finance; the Senate Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs; and the House Committee on Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs. A final report will be published in 1989.
Date: June 1988
Creator: United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Pesticide Residues in Food: Technologies for Detection (open access)

Pesticide Residues in Food: Technologies for Detection

Federal monitoring and enforcement action is dependent on technical capability to detect pesticides. A major concern is that Federal regulatory agencies cannot practically monitor food for all pesticides of health concern. OTA was asked to assess whether existing and emerging technologies could improve Federal monitoring of pesticide residues in food. In addition, OTA examined the Federal research programs dedicated to improving Federal analytical capabilities for the detection of pesticides in food.
Date: October 1988
Creator: United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Power On! New Tools for Teaching and Learning (open access)

Power On! New Tools for Teaching and Learning

This report examines developments in the use of computer-based technologies, analyzes key trends in hardware and software development, evaluates the capability of technology to improve learning in many areas, and explores ways to substantially increase student access to technology. The role of the teacher, teachers’ needs for training, and the impact of Federal support for educational technology research and development are reviewed as well.
Date: September 1988
Creator: United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Quality of Medical Care: Information for Consumers (open access)

The Quality of Medical Care: Information for Consumers

Changes in how physicians and hospitals are paid have made individual consumers, health insurers, employers, and medical providers more sensitive to the cost implications of their decisions. At the same time, these policy changes have elevated the importance of having consumers be informed about the quality of medical providers. Purchasers of medical care (individual consumers, employers, health insurers) need to know about any differences in quality so that they can weigh quality along with cost in making decisions.
Date: June 1988
Creator: United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Reducing Launch Operation Costs: New Technologies and Practices (open access)

Reducing Launch Operation Costs: New Technologies and Practices

This technical memorandum explains, the United States has spent relatively little effort in applying them to operations. Just as important as cost saving technologies are appropriate management methods, or strategies, to put these technologies to work. In some cases, OTA has found, cost savings could be achieved by streamlining operations and reducing the burden of documentation and reporting requirements that have slowly expanded over the years.
Date: September 1988
Creator: United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Safe Skies for Tomorrow: Aviation Safety in a Competitive Environment (open access)

Safe Skies for Tomorrow: Aviation Safety in a Competitive Environment

This report contains the results of that analysis, and a review of critical management issues for the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has been added to the basic questions about the adequacy of Federal standards and programs. During the course of the study, it became clear that a full report for Congress would have to consider how policy is determined and implemented, and thus the operation of FAA and the role of the Department of Transportation.
Date: July 1988
Creator: United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Science, Technology, and the First Amendment: special report (open access)

Science, Technology, and the First Amendment: special report

Part I of the report discusses how the meaning of “the press” has expanded from printed material to include a wide range of broadcast and electronic media. Satellites, computers, electronic bulletin boards, teletex, videotext, and other new ways of gathering, editing, and delivering news are blurring legal and regulatory distinctions between common carriers and “the press, ” thus changing arguments about the constitutional rights that they have each enjoyed. Part II addresses freedom of speech and press as they apply to scientific communications and technological know-how. As science and technology become ever more important to our economy and our military strength, the delicate balance between individual rights and the national interest becomes both more important and more difficult to maintain.
Date: January 1988
Creator: United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Screening for Open-Angle Glaucoma in the Elderly (open access)

Screening for Open-Angle Glaucoma in the Elderly

A report on open-angle glaucoma (OAG), whcich is the second largest single cause of blindness in the elderly, afflicting an estimated 2 to 3 percent of this age group at any time. the report discusses epidemiology of OAG, treatment, screening technology available, and medicare coverage for OAG.
Date: October 1988
Creator: Power, Elaine J.; Wagner, Judith L. & Duffy, Brigitte M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Impact of AIDS on the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program (Northern California Region) (open access)

The Impact of AIDS on the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program (Northern California Region)

The topic of this fourth paper in OTA’S series of AIDS-related issues is the impact of the AIDS epidemic on the Kaiser Permanence Medical Care Program’s (KPMCP) northern California region and was originally commissioned for OTA’s assessment of Medical Testing and Health Insurance. Key OTA staff involved in the oversight of the project were Jill Eden, Larry Miike, and Laurie Mount.
Date: July 1988
Creator: Hiatt, Robert A.; Fireman, Bruce; Quesenberry, Charles P., Jr. & Selby, Joseph V.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Infertility: Medical and Social Choices (open access)

Infertility: Medical and Social Choices

This report illustrates a range of options for congressional action in nine principal areas of public policy related to infertility: collecting data on reproductive health; preventing infertility; information to inform and protect consumers; providing access to infertility services; reproductive health of veterans; transfer of human eggs, sperm, and embryos; recordkeeping; surrogate motherhood; and reproductive research.
Date: May 1988
Creator: United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Informing the Nation: Federal Information Dissemination in an Electronic Age (open access)

Informing the Nation: Federal Information Dissemination in an Electronic Age

This report addresses the opportunities to improve the dissemination of Federal information. It also highlights two major problems: maintaining equity in public access to Federal information in electronic formats, and defining the respective roles of Federal agencies and the private sector in the electronic dissemination process. The report focuses on current and future roles of the U.S. Government Printing Office (GPO) and Superintendent of Documents, the Depository Library Program (administered by GPO), and the National Technical Information Service (NTIS). In addition, this report examines electronic dissemination of congressional information, the Freedom of Information Act in an electronic environment, and electronic dissemination of government information to the press.
Date: October 1988
Creator: United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Institutional Protocols for Decisions About Life-Sustaining Treatments: special report (open access)

Institutional Protocols for Decisions About Life-Sustaining Treatments: special report

This report focuses on the formal policies and guidelines’ through which health care institutions articulate decision making procedures and identify permissible options regarding the use of life-sustaining treatments for adult patients in their care.
Date: July 1988
Creator: United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Launch Options for the Future: : special report (open access)

Launch Options for the Future: : special report

Adequate, reliable space transportation is the key to this Nation’s future in space. Over the next several years, Congress must make critical decisions regarding the direction and funding of U.S. space transportation systems. These decisions include improving existing launch systems, designing and procuring new launch systems, and developing advanced technologies. America’s constrained budgetary environment and the lack of a national consensus about the future of the U.S. space program make Congress’s role in this process more difficult and important than ever.
Date: July 1988
Creator: United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Mapping Our Genes—Genome Projects: How Big? How Fast? (open access)

Mapping Our Genes—Genome Projects: How Big? How Fast?

Scientific and technical journals in biology and medicine have extensively covered a debate about whether and how to determine the function and order of human genes on human chromosomes and when to determine the sequence of molecular building blocks that comprise DNA in those chromosomes. This report surveys the points made so far in the debate that involves science, technology, and politics, focusing on those that most directly influence the policy options facing the U.S. Congress.
Date: April 1988
Creator: United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Medical Testing and Health Insurance (open access)

Medical Testing and Health Insurance

Tests to identify individuals who are likely to develop serious diseases are being rapidly developed. Some of these tests are directed at diseases for which there are presently no known therapies, thereby raising questions over the social consequences of identifying susceptible persons. This assessment examines existing and developing medical tests and their current and potential uses by health insurers and employers.
Date: August 1988
Creator: United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Enhancing Agriculture in Africa: A Role for U.S. Development Assistance (open access)

Enhancing Agriculture in Africa: A Role for U.S. Development Assistance

This report has gathered information on agricultural production throughout Sub-Saharan Africa, looked closely at specific, promising technologies such as agroforestry, small-scale irrigation, soil and water management, and the improved use of animals. As a result, it seems clear that low-resource agriculture has a sizable potential to contribute to increased African food security. Also, it is clear that low-resource agriculture must be enhanced in order to reach its full potential. This report identifies ways that U.S. development assistance can aid this process.
Date: September 1988
Creator: United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
New Developments in Biotechnology: Field-Testing Engineered Organisms: Genetic and Ecological Issues (open access)

New Developments in Biotechnology: Field-Testing Engineered Organisms: Genetic and Ecological Issues

This report in the series illustrates a range of options for congressional action in three major areas of public policy related to this application of biotechnology: the criteria for review of planned introductions for potential risk, the administrative mechanisms for applying such review criteria, and the research base supporting planned introductions.
Date: May 1988
Creator: United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Gearing Up for Safety: Motor Carrier Safety in a Competitive Environment (open access)

Gearing Up for Safety: Motor Carrier Safety in a Competitive Environment

This report contains the results of that analysis. A review of critical intergovernmental issues for the Department of Transportation and State Governments has been added to the basic questions about the adequacy of Federal standards and programs. During the course of the study, it became clear that the report would have to consider how policy is implemented, and consequently, the relationship between the Department of Transportation and the States, which have become important partners in Federal safety programs.
Date: September 1988
Creator: United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Grassroots Development: The African Development Foundation (open access)

Grassroots Development: The African Development Foundation

This is OTA’S third report on U.S. foreign aid and African agriculture and the most comprehensive look at a single program. It complements a larger, more general work in press on enhancing agriculture in Africa and its already-published companion report on the Sahel Development Program. The House Foreign Affairs Committee, its Subcommittee on Africa, and the House Select Committee on Hunger requested this study. The Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Subcommittee on African Affairs, endorsed their request.
Date: June 1988
Creator: United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Healthy Children: Investing in the Future (open access)

Healthy Children: Investing in the Future

This OTA assessment addresses the effectiveness and costs of selected strategies for promoting and maintaining the health of children and to identify strategies whose implementation could substantially improve children’s health or lower health care costs.
Date: February 1988
Creator: United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
How effective is AIDS education? (open access)

How effective is AIDS education?

This paper summarizes what is known about the effectiveness of AIDS education programs and programs in other health-related areas. Also documented are AIDS education programs currently being funded by selected Federal agencies. What is known and not known about the effectiveness of past education can guide the design of future AIDS education and the research agendas of Federal agencies.
Date: June 1988
Creator: United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
SDI: Technology, Survivability, and Software (open access)

SDI: Technology, Survivability, and Software

This report is the unclassified version of a classified document delivered to Congress at the end of August 1987. In attempting to reach agreement with the Department of Defense on what information could be included in an unclassified report, OTA found the wheels of bureaucracy to turn very slowly—when they turned at all. Only through the active intervention of the Strategic Defense Initiative Organization, beginning in late in November 1987, and extending to the end of March, 1988, was a partial resolution of the problem achieved.
Date: May 1988
Creator: United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library