The vapor-liquid equilibria of solutions 0.0002 to 1.0 mole fraction methanol in carbon tetrachloride at 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50°C have been examined. The equilibrium vapor and liquid compositions and the total pressure above these solutions at the five temperatures are reported. The "pure" vapor pressure of methanol, [unable to transcribe] (a function calculated from the quotient Pa/Na of partial pressure of methanol Pa and mole fractions of methanol in the liquid Na), and the calculated values of the heat of vaporization of methanol both conclusively indicate that in solutions more dilute than 0.001 mole fraction methanol there still exists strong intermolecular attraction. This interaction is attributed to the existence of methanol dimers. A value of 7.6 to 11.2 kcal/mole is estimated for the dissociation of the dimer; this is the energy of the hydrogen bond if there is one hydrogen bond per dimer, and if there are two hydrogen bonds per dimer the energy of the bond is one-half this value.

A generalized equation for flow of fluids through porous systems is derived on the bases of the following concepts: (a) that for any given or "fixed" system the equation would be the same as the equation for flow through tubes, except for the values of the numerical coefficient. (b) that the spacing of particles (or other imperious units) in a porous system, relative to particle diameter is an independent variable of fundamental significance. (c) that the particle spacing parameter can be measured by the ratio of the permeable to impermeable volume fractions, and provides a direct and common basis for viewing the problem of fluid flow through porous systems over a wide range. (d) that by considering the velocity of the fluid within the system itself in relation to the velocity of the particles one general equation is found to satisfy the requirements for flow in (1) consolidated granular beds, (2) fluidized beds, (3) hindered settling of dense suspensions, and possibly (4) hindered settling of dilute suspensions.

It is the purpose of this report to present a quantitative picture of the overall waste problems at the presently operating major A.E.C. sites. Presented herewith are data on the volumes and radioactive concentrations of the wastes handled and effluents discharged, available tankage and processes flow sheets from each site.

The infrared absorption spectra of solutions of methanol in carbon tetrachloride in the second harmonic region of the OH stretching frequency has been studied with solutions which are 0.006 to the 1.0 mole fraction methanol in carbon tetrachloride at 25° and 45°. The monomer band is formed at 1.39μ, and the broad association band has at least three components at about 1.44, 1.51, and 1.56μ. The concentration and temperature dependence of the area of the association band and of the extension coefficient of the monomer band is studied. The degree of association of the methanol is calculated fro the monomer and from the polymer bands and compared to show the change of the oscillator strength of the OH vibrator in the various polymers. The CH stretching band at about 1.7μ, is resolved upon dilution into three bands at 1.62, 1.68 and 1.72μ,

There is but little known about the thermal process involving the dynamics and thermodynamics of the cycling liquid H2 in the chamber and those of the H2 fluid flow in the cooling coil as well as the geometrical characteristics of the chamber body. This the physical equations governing this process are involving so many variables that this analysis becomes rather complex even if simplifying assumptions are made. To those difficulties is added the ignorance even of an approximative expression for some physical quantities such as film heat transfer coefficients entering as major parameters the process equation.

The purpose of this report is to determine the amount of refrigeration capacity required to cool down the 80" bubble chamber from ambient temperature to liquid hydrogen temperature.

The undercarriage system is required for translating, rotating, and lifting the 450 ton magnet and bubble chamber assemblies so that it can be accurately positioned in the experimental proton beam of the synchrotron. The system must make provision for the two magnet sections to be separated for the purpose of adjustment and maintenance of internal components.

The following general description of the theory and operation of a bubble chamber is presented so that firms who are interested in fabricating components for the Brookhaven 80" chamber will have a better understanding of the design parameters associated with it. This understanding, coupled with the fabricator's knowledge of manufacturing techniques, should enable the fabricators to suggest solutions to manufacturing problems consistent with requirements for chamber operation. In an effort to increase knowledge of fundamental nuclear particles and their interactions at high energies, various types of detecting equipment have been developed. One of these detectors recently developed is the bubble chamber. While there are variations as to liquids used, expansion techniques, means of illumination, etc. the basic concepts upon which all bubble chambers operate are similar. Therefore, it will be sufficient in this report to consider only one specific type, that is a chamber using liquid hydrogen

Six useful characteristics of radioisotopes and advantages which may be taken of them are cited briefly, with examples. A survey of unusual or less frequently used production techniques for radioisotope production are presented including (n,p) reactions and secondary reactions such as (t,n) and (t,p) induced by thermal neutron, various techniques for obtaining useful fluxes of fast neutrons with which to effect other reactions, recoil techniques including classic Szilard-Chalmers reactions, use of charged wires to collect short-lived daughters of gaseous parents, parent-daughter milking system, parasitic irradiations, the possible use of circulating "loops" in reactor withy which to utilize the radiation from ultra-short lived radioisotopes such as Ag-110, In-114, In-116, Dy-165m etc., and stable tracers. A summary of the current status of Brookhaven's Reactor-Produced "Special" Radioisotopes is also presented..

Human iron metabolism has been extensively studied in the past twenty-five years with the radioisotopes iron⁵⁵ and iron⁵⁹. Before the availability of the whole body counter, however, iron absorption studies were performed by the indirect methods of fecal assay of unabsorbed radioiron, and estimation of red cell incorporation of absorbed tracer. The few long-term excretion studies performed required numerous assumptions, since human iron excretion was less well understood. Whole body counting provides a simple and accurate method of measuring the total body retention of administrative tracer iron⁵⁹, thus making absorption and subsequent excretion determinations possible with a single radioiron study. The energetic gamma emissions of iron⁵⁹ permit ready external detection with small quantities of isotope, Normal radioiron distribution is uniform throughout the circulating red cell mass and thus minimize geometry influences on the counting efficiency, 0nly the 45.1 day half-life of iron⁵⁹ limits long term iron turnover studies. Measurements of iron⁵⁹ absorption and long-term body turnover have been under way at Brookhaven National Laboratory for over two years. The present paper outlines some of the results of these studies, and discusses some implications of the method.

A brief overview of a study on the effect of 5-fluoroucil (FU) on chloroplast formation in Euglena,

The G-values for the formation of H₂ and CH₄ in the Co60 gamma radiolysis of the xylene isomers and ethylbenzene were compared. The presence of iodine does not affect GH2, but reduces GCH4 a limiting value. For p-xylene, GH2 and the unscavengeable CH₄ yield are independent of temperature from 20 to 110 deg C, whereas the total CH₄ yield increases six-fold over this range. The H₂ and CH₄ yields are greatly reduced in the solid state, and in the liquids state benzene shows a protective effect on the yields of both gases. The formation of CH₄ and C₂ -hydrocarbons was compared with the C6 -and C7 - products for p- xylene and ethylbenzene, and isomerization is shown to occur to a negligible extent. The production of high-molecular-weight products was measured for the xylenes, and is independent of dose rate and temperature for liquid p-xylene, but is decreased in the solid state. The results are qualitatively consistent with the reactions of radicals and excited molecules.

A summary of the dynamic behavior of the proton bunches in the Brookhaven Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) has been given previously. In these reports, the usual linearization of the differential equations involved has been made and the theory was restricted to well bunched beams. The linearized approach is no longer valid at transition where the actual phase angle of the bunch can differ appreciably for a short time from the stable phase angle Φ₀. In this report the non-linearity of the differential equations for phase oscillations will no longer be neglected. At transition the beam is slow enough so that the electronics of the bootstrap system can be considered as being ideal and the radius servo loop can be characterized by one time constant. Under these assumptions the analysis can be carried out in a two-dimensional phase plane. The essential new result will be the short existence of a stable equilibrium point for the bunch motion not coinciding with Φ₀. The results here derived have been tested experimentally and at least a qualitative agreement was found. However, the conclusions are no more valid if debunching takes place since we have still neglected the finite bunch width.

Technique used in deriving values of the linac ball tuner settings to produce various fields is discussed briefly, and tables showing ball tuner change numbers and values used in making up the ball tuner change numbers are given.

Use of the Smith chart in studying stub tuners is demonstrated. Several properties of the tuners are shown, and charts for various wave length spacings, tuning trajectories, and admittances are included.

Description of a computer program which optimizes the locations and strengths of magnets for experimental beams at the Brookhaven AGS written for the IBM 7090 computer. Layout, method, and routines are given particular attention, and representative data cards are shown.

The efficiency of multiple traversal targets is defined as the probability that a proton dies by making a nuclear collision in the target rather than by hitting the limit of the synchrotron aperture. The efficiencies of Be, Al, Cu, and Pb targets are shown for 15 and 30-Bev protons in the Brooknaven AGS. Beryllium was found to be the most efficient. (M.C.G.)

This is a preliminary report on the magnetic measurements taken to date on the AGS experimental magnets. It mainly summarizes the results which were necessary for the setting up of the proton separated beam in August 1961. A few curves on information obtained since then are included. When the study is finished, a complete report on all phases of the work, including the methods used, will be forthcoming.

A tranistorized d.c. coupled amplifier having very good gain stability, as well as very low drift of the output d.c. level, has been designed. Low frequency input signals with an amplitude of .04 to 2 volts peak-to-peak, approximately, coming from a low impedance source (voice soil of a speaker system) are amplified to an approximate peak-to-peak amplitude of 4 volts. The output is intended to drive a load of the order of 100 kohm.

The analyzer can be operated either internally or externally. The 10 ma germanium discriminator is quiescently biased to 8.5 ma in its low-voltage state. An input signal current of 3.5 ma or more triggers it to its high voltage state. This triggers the oscillator. The oscillator signal is buffered and mixed in the bridge modulator with the reference radiofrequency signal from the cyclotron. The low-frequency beat note from the bridge modulator is squared up and passed to the beat zero univibrator which generates 0.7 mu sec signals each time the beat note passes through zero from positive to negative. The trailing edge of the beat zero univibrator is employed to terminate the time-of-flight measurement and to control the servo measurement. Drawings are included. (M.C.G.)

The power supplies designed and constructed to power high intensity flash tubes used in bubble chamber experiments are briefly described and are accompanied by a schematic diagram of the layout. (D.C.W.)

The potassium-argon age of the Sikhote Alin iron meteorite has been determined. The value is 1.7 + 0.2 x 10⁹ years. Previous lead data suggest an age of 4.6 x 10⁹ years . The date of solidification may be the sum of these two ages.

Ionizing radiation is useful to plant breeders in obtaining mutations beneficial from an economic point of view. This report, however, concerns our basic knowledge of radiation: attention is here directed to some effects of low level radiation on the R₁ progeny. Approximately one third of the land area of the United States is covered by forest; thus, forest trees form an important component of our natural wealth. It is therefore our obligation to know how these forests will react to low level ionizing radiation. Although this type of radiation might accompany atomic explosions, its effects may not be evident for a number of years.

In this paper some studies on enzyme properties which are believed to be pertinent to antibodies will be discussed. The particular studies chosen are; (a) the evidence that residues far removed from each other in the sequence play vital roles at the active site; (b) indications on the size of the active site; and (c) evidence for flexibility at the active site. Since the relation between enzyme and antibody is of primary interest an attempt will be made to emphasize the fundamental conclusions derived from the observations and to evaluate critically the deductions on structure and function which derive from these conclusions.